北京四合院PPT课件

.,1,北京四合院Beijingcourtyard(Quadrangles),.,2,ORIGINAL,NorthChinascourtyardhousesareoutstandingrepresentativesoftraditionalresidencesofChinasHanpeople.Beijingscourtyard,atthehighestlevelandmosttypicalspecimenofitskind,boastsalonghistory.,courtyardshaveatleast2000yearshistory.TheyfirstturnedupinShanxiinXiZhouDynasty.Accordingtoconjecture(推测),atthattimecourtyardsalsoappearedinBeijing.Somedata(资料)sayfromYuanDynastypeoplebegantoconstructthecourtyardsandHutongwildly.,.,3,Nowadays,thereareonlyasmallnumberoftraditionalcourtyardleftinBeijing,whichareinhabitedbyonefamilyin.ThecourtyardisancientBeijingpeopleslifestylewhichhadbeenbuiltaccordingtoFengshui,onthebasisofarchitecturalprincipleofpursuingluxury,andwithscrupulousdecoration.,QuadranglesinBeijingareoneimportantaspectofthecitysarchitecturalheritagewhichwereconstructed700yearsago.,.,4,宣武门四合院,.,5,崇文门四合院,.,6,structure,maindoorback-illuminatedroomsscreen-wallfloral-pendantgatecorridorverandahwingroomoppositeroom(earroom)principalroom,.,7,Thefrontdoor(maindoor),Inasocietythatisstrictlyclassifiedthebuildingandthegateofthebuildingrepresentthesocialclassandtheofficialpositionoftheowner.,.,8,北京宅院内的吉祥物甚多，表现在外有影壁、门鼓、门簪，内有垂花门、游廊、室内装饰等建筑与物件上。宅院中的吉祥物包罗万象，如动物、植物、器物、符图、神人等,.,9,Screenwall影壁,叠砌考究雕饰精美吉辞颂语镶嵌其上烘云托月画龙点睛,.,10,Decorativegate垂花门,Decorativegateisatypeofstructurethatishighlydecorated.Almosteverypartthatsticksoutofthegatehassomedaintydecorations.,Thesecarvingsrepresenttheownerswishesforahappylife.Theyalsomakethehighstandinggateoftheinnerroomquitebeautifulandgorgeous.,.,11,Inneryard内宅,Themainroom正房-thenorthernroomoftheinnerroomsisthemainroom.Themainroomisthemostimportantroomwithinabuilding.,Theearroom耳房oneachsideofthemainroomthereisoneortworoomswhichissmaller.Theyareusuallyusedasbedroomsorstudies,Thewingroom厢房thereareusuallythreeroomsonboththeeasternandwesternsidesoftheinnerrooms.,Thecorridor游廊themainroom,thewingroomandthedecorativegateareconnectedbythecorridor.,Thebackroom后罩房middlesizeorbigChinesequadranglesoftenhavebackrooms.Womenwhoarenotmarriedormaidsusuallylivethere.,.,12,Garden花园,Peopleareveryparticularaboutgreenplantingofquadrangles.Thetrees,grassandflowersarelush.Thewholegardenisdesignedfortheentertainmentofthenobleslivingthere.Thefamous萃锦园of恭王府and鉴园of摄政王府arethegoodexamples.,Moreexamples:清漪园（颐和园）、静明园（玉泉山）、静宜园（香山），圆明园、畅春园。,.,13,恭王府,恭王府isthelargestquadrangleinbestshapeintheworld.,TheformerownerisHeShen,whoisafirstclassnoble.So,hisresidenceisbroadandofhighestrank.,.,14,.,15,.,16,Spirit&Wisdom,ThechinesequadrangleandthealleyaretherepresentationsoftheoldBeijing.Theyrepresenttheculturalhistoryofchinaandtheythemselvesaregreatculturalandhistoricalinterests.,InthecityofBeijingwhohasthousandsofyearsofhistory,theChinesequadranglesarestillbeingused.TheyaretheliveliestbuildingforminBeijing.Theideawithinthebuildingformisthatitmakeshumanlivepeacefullytogetherwithnature.Thisisveryclosetothemodernconceptofarchitecture.,.,17,Thedecoration,carvingandpaintingoftheChinesequadranglealsorepresenttheoldtraditionsandculture.Theyrepresentthepeopleswishforhappiness,wealth,beautyandfortuneinacertainhistoricalperiod.,FengshuitheoriesarealsoveryimportantintheChinesequadrangles.Thechoiceofthesiteofthebuilding,thestructureandsizeofeachbuildingisbasedonfengshuitheories.,.,18,.,19,Aturn,Toourgreatjoy,BeijinghassucceededinapplyingforthepermissiontoholdtheOlympicsGamein2