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杯形件拉深模具的设计
杯形件拉深
模具
设计
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753 杯形件拉深模具的设计,753,杯形件拉深模具的设计,杯形件拉深,模具,设计
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山 西 农 业 大 学本科生毕业论文（设计）选题审批表毕业论文（设计）题目杯形件拉深模具的设计指 导 教 师邢泽炳职 称副教授学生具备条件修完教学计划要求课程内容及学时选题完成形式开题报告内 容 简 要：本论文应用本专业所学课程的理论和生产实际知识进行一次冷冲压模具设计工作的实际训练从而培养和提高独立工作能力，巩固与扩充了冷冲压模具设计等课程所学的内容，掌握冷冲压模具设计的方法和步骤，掌握冷冲压模具设计的基本的模具技能懂得了怎样分析零件的工艺性，怎样确定工艺方案，了解了模具的基本结构，提高了计算能力，绘图能力，熟悉了规范和标准，同时各科相关的课程都有了全面的复习，独立思考的能力也有了提高。采用拉深模模具设计制造简便易行。拉深效果好，能极大地提高生产效率。本设计共分5章，分别论述了产品工艺分析，工艺计算，模板及零件设计，模具组立等问题。了解产品用途，并进行冲压件的工艺性及尺寸公差等级分析，对于一些冲压件结构不合理或工艺性不好的进行改进并绘制模具总图和非标准件零件图。 系主任签字： 年 月 日 院长签字： 年 月 日2山西农业大学本科生毕业论文(设计)开题报告题 目 杯形件拉深模具的设计 学 院 信息学院 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 年 级 机制信052 姓 名 田 阳 学 号 2005151211 指导教师 邢泽炳 职 称 副教授 2009年06月15日选题的依据及意义 随着科学技术的发展需要，模具已成为现代化不可缺少的工艺装备，模具设计是机械专业一个最重要的教学环节,是一门实践性很强的学科，是我们对所学知识的综合运用，通过对专业知识的综合运用，对模具从设计到制造的过程有个基本上的了解，为以后的工作及进一步学习深造打下了坚实的基础。模具制造技术现代化是模具工业发展的基础。计算机技术、信息技术、自动化技术等先进技术正在不断向传统制造技术渗透、交叉、融合形成了现代模具制造技术。其中高速铣削加工、电火花铣削加工、慢走丝切割加工、精密磨削及抛光技术、数控测量等代表了现代冲模制造的技术水平。高速铣削加工不但具有加工速度高以及良好的加工精度和表面质量（主轴转速一般为1500040000r/min）,加工精度一般可达10微米，最好的表面粗糙度Ra1微米），而且与传统切削加工相比具有温升低（工件只升高3摄氏度）、切削力小，因而可加工热敏材料和刚性差的零件，合理选择刀具和切削用量还可实现硬材料（60HRC）加工；电火花铣削加工（又称电火花创成加工）是以高速旋转的简单管状电极作三维或二维轮廓加工（像数控铣一样），因此不再需要制造昂贵的成形电极，如日本三菱公司生产的EDSCAN8E电火花铣削加工机床，配置有电极损耗自动补偿系统、CAD/CAM集成系统、在线自动测量系统和动态仿真系统，体现了当今电火花加工机床的技术水平；慢走丝线切割技术的发展水平已相当高，功能也相当完善，自动化程度已达到无人看管运行的程度，目前切割速度已达到300mm/min,加工精度可达1.5微米，表面粗糙度达Ra=010.2微米;精度磨削及抛光已开始使用数控成形磨床、数控光学曲线磨床、数控连续轨迹坐标磨床及自动抛光等先进设备和技术;模具加工过程中的检测技术也取得了很大的发展,现在三坐标测量机除了能高精度地测量复杂曲面的数据外,其良好的温度补偿装置、可靠的抗振保护能力、严密的除尘措施及简单操作步骤，使得现场自动化检测成为可能。此外，激光快速成形技术（RPM）与树脂浇注技术在快速经济制模技术中得到了成功的应用。本课题研究内容 本课题研究的是杯形件拉深模具的设计。拉深是主要的冲压工序之一，应用很广，象汽车、拖拉机的一些罩件、覆盖件，电器仪表的壳体件及众多的日用品等都是应用拉深成型的。本课题主要研究的是拉深的工艺性。包括分析零件的工艺性，确定工艺方案，了解了模具的基本结构、尺寸公差等级的确定以及拉深时毛坯起皱、断裂等现象，并提出解决方案。本课题研究方案我国当前拉深技术发展受到限制，主要的问题表现在：（1）模具故障，模具故障是冲压生产中最容易出现的问题，常常造成停产，影响产品生产周期。 （2）模具损坏，模具损坏是指模具开裂、折断、涨开等，处理模具损坏问题。鉴于上述分析，本课题主要是从模具的设计、制造工艺和模具使用方面寻找原因。首先要审核模具的制造材料是否合适 ，相对应的热处埋工艺是否合理。模具使用时，零件位置、方向等安装错误或螺栓紧固不好。工作高度调整过低、导柱润滑不足。送料设备有故障，压力机异常等，都会造成模具的损坏。本课题针对以上缺陷提出了解决方案。研究的创新之处本课题的难点以及重点在于解决拉深时起皱现象。拉深过程中，凸缘材料由扇形挤压成矩形。材料间产生很大的切向压力，这一压力犹如压杆两端受压失稳似的似凸缘材料失去稳定而形成皱折，鉴于以上情况分析，我解决的方法是：（1）模具改进，在流量大的地方设加强筋（2）改善材质，降低延伸率等 研究过程(含完成期限)第一周与指导老师确定设计题目并制定详细的设计要求；第二周调查、收集、研究现有资料，根据课题的要求，明确整个论文的任务和方向；第三周提出多种研究方案，通过分析对比，确定出最优方案；第四和第五周以确定的初步方案绘制出工作示意图或机构运动简图，确定机构组成和各种参数计算；第六和第七周详细书写论文正文内容及经济效益分析第八周交由指导老师批改；第九周修改并完善论文。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室意见 教研室主任签名：年 月 日院系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日毕业论文中文摘要杯形件拉深模具的设计摘要 本论文应用本专业所学课程的理论和生产实际知识进行一次冷冲压模具设计工作的实际训练从而培养和提高学生独立工作能力，巩固与扩充了冷冲压模具设计等课程所学的内容，掌握冷冲压模具设计的方法和步骤，掌握冷冲压模具设计的基本的模具技能懂得了怎样分析零件的工艺性，怎样确定工艺方案，了解了模具的基本结构，提高了计算能力，绘图能力，熟悉了规范和标准，同时各科相关的课程都有了全面的复习，独立思考的能力也有了提高。采用拉深模模具设计制造简便易行。拉深效果好，能极大地提高生产效率。本设计共分5章，分别论述了产品工艺分析，工艺计算，模板及零件设计，模具组立等问题。了解产品用途，并进行冲压件的工艺性及尺寸公差等级分析，对于一些冲压件结构不合理或工艺性不好的进行改进并绘制模具总图和非标准件零件图。关键词 工艺分析 工艺设计 模具组立毕业论文外文摘要Cup form a deep drawing die designAbstractIn this paper, the application of the professional courses of theoretical and practical knowledge of the production of a cold stamping die design of the practical training of students so as to nurture and enhance the ability to work independently, Consolidation and expansion of the cold stamping die design, the content of classroom teaching, master of cold stamping die design methods and steps. Cold stamping die design to master the basic skills to understand how to mold parts of the process of analysis and how to determine the technology program to understand the basic structure of the mold to enhance the computing power, graphics capability, familiar with the norms and standards, At the same time, there are various courses related to a comprehensive review, the ability to think independently improved. . The use of drawing die design and manufacture of simple mold. Drawing effective and can greatly improve the production efficiency. The design is divided into 5 chapters on analysis of the product technology, technical computing, design templates and components, mold legislation and other issues group.We should understand the product uses, and the process of stamping parts and dimension tolerance level analysis, some unreasonable or stamping process of the bad ones, and we need to mapping tool to improve the overall map and non-standard Parts items.Keywords Process Analysis Process Design Mold GroupCharacteristics and Sheet Metal Forming b FEhQ 1The article overview 1pWz3e)o Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming the material under the action of a die. Stamping is usually carried out under cold state, so it is also called stamping. Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8100mm. The blank material for stamping is usually in the form of sheet or strip, and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming. Some non-metal sheets (such as plywood, mica sheet, asbestos, leather)can also be formed by stamping. )O 4lE7/ Stamping is widely used in various fields of the metalworking industry, and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles, instruments, military parts and household electrical appliances, etc. 2E?( The process, equipment and die are the three foundational problems that needed to be studied in stamping. o rj&LW The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows: #A%B, j (1) High material utilization Zm0Je1u.% (2) Capacity to produce thin-walled parts of complex shape. hn R-Umy (3) Good interchangeability between stamping parts due to precision in shape 8:Ho*jo and dimension. v$M_cO =c (4) Parts with lightweight, high-strength and fine rigidity can be obtained. /b*( y (5) High productivity, easy to operate and to realize mechanization and automatization. R;2r&r The manufacture of the stamping die is costly, and therefore it only fits to mass production. For the manufacture of products in small batch and rich variety, the simple stamping die and the new equipment such as a stamping machining center, are usually adopted to meet the market demands. O2QzXt;W The materials for sheet metal stamping include mild steel, copper, aluminum, magnesium alloy and high-plasticity alloy-steel, etc. T3NM Stamping equipment includes plate shear punching press. The former shears plate into strips with a definite width, which would be pressed later. The later can be used both in shearing and forming. pb8LFUuH 2Characteristics of stamping forming mIkZ%D There are various processes of stamping forming with different working patterns and names. But these processes are similar to each other in plastic deformation. There are following conspicuous characteristics in stamping: dl4jgw)% （1）The force per unit area perpendicular to the blank surface is not large but is enough to cause the material plastic deformation. It is much less than the inner stresses on the plate plane directions. In most cases stamping forming can be treated approximately as that of the plane stress state to simplify vastly the theoretical analysis and the calculation of the process parameters. %Qo- （2）Due to the small relative thickness, the anti-instability capability of the blank is weak under compressive stress. As a result, the stamping process is difficult to proceed successfully without using the anti-instability device (such as blank holder). Therefore the varieties of the stamping processes dominated by tensile stress are more than dominated by compressive stress. Km!HlKdy| （3）During stamping forming, the inner stress of the blank is equal to or sometimes less than the yield stress of the material. In this point, the stamping is different from the bulk forming. During stamping forming, the influence of the hydrostatic pressure of the stress state in the deformation zone to the forming limit and the deformation resistance is not so important as to the bulk forming. In some circumstances, such influence may be neglected. Even in the case when this influence should be considered, the treating method is also different from that of bulk forming. HvLHL? （4）In stamping forming, the restrain action of the die to the blank is not severs as in the case of the bulk forming (such as die forging). In bulk forming, the constraint forming is proceeded by the die with exactly the same shape of the part. Whereas in stamping, in most cases, the blank has a certain degree of freedom, only one surface of the blank contacts with the die. In some extra cases, such as the forming of the blank on the deforming zone contact with the die. The deformation in these regions are caused and controlled by the die applying an external force to its adjacent area. E_J)wzM Due to the characteristics of stamping deformation and mechanics mentioned above, the stamping technique is different form the bulk metal forming: Is AUw （1）The importance or the strength and rigidity of the die in stamping forming is less than that in bulk forming because the blank can be formed without applying large pressure per unit area on its surface. Instead, the techniques of the simple die and the pneumatic and hydraulic forming are developed. .k!Z$,X （2）Due to the plane stress or simple strain state in comparison with bulk forming, more research on deformation or force and power parameters has been done. Stamping forming can be performed by more reasonable scientific methods. Based on the real time measurement and analysis on the sheet metal properties and stamping parameters, by means of computer and some modern testing apparatus, research on the intellectualized control of stamping process is also in proceeding. ZfpI#? （3）It is shown that there is a close relationship between stamping forming and raw material. The research on the properties of the stamping forming, that is, forming ability and shape stability, has become a key point in stamping technology development, but also enhances the manufacturing technique of iron and steel industry, and provides a reliable foundation for increasing sheet metal quality. QeXUoRVF2 3Categories of stamping forming (U,Z. Many deformation processes can be done by stamping, the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds: cutting and forming. N0y9=& Cutting is a shearing process that one part of the blank is cut from the other. It mainly includes blanking, punching, trimming, parting and shaving, where punching and blanking are the most widely used. Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement from the other. It mainly includes deep drawing, bending, local forming, bulging, flanging, necking, sizing and spinning. VmO=.1Wa In substance, stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the deformation zone of the stamping blank caused by the external force. The stress state and deformation characteristic of the deformation zone are the basic factors to decide the properties of the stamping forming. Based on the stress state and deformation characteristics of the deformation zone, the forming methods can be divided into several categories with the same forming properties and be studied systematically. GHM7rWF The deformation zone in almost all types of stamping forming is in the plane stress state. Usually there is no force or only small force applied on the blank surface. When is assumed that the stress perpendicular to the blank surface equals to zero, two principal stresses perpendicular to each other and act on the blank surface produce the plastic deformation of the material. Due to the small thickness of the blank, it is assumed approximately the two principal stresses distribute uniformly along the thickness direction. Based on this analysis, the stress state and the deformation characteristics of the deformation zone in all kinds of stamping forming can be denoted by the points in the coordinates of the plane principal stresses and the coordinates of the corresponding plane principal strains. ONCSGa$H 4Raw materials for stamping forming /3OnLM There are a lot of raw materials used in stamping forming, and the properties of these materials may have large difference. The stamping forming can be succeeded only by determining the stamping method, the forming parameters and the die structures according to the properties and characteristics of the raw materials. The deformation of the blank during stamping forming has been investigated quite thoroughly. The relationships between the material properties decided by the chemistry component and structure of the material and the stamping forming has been established clearly. Not only the proper material can be selected based on the working condition and usage demand, but also the new material can be developed according to the demands of the blank properties during processing the stamping part. This is an important domain in stamping forming research. The research on the material properties for stamping forming is as follows: Evv lPJN （1）Definition of the stamping property of the material. gI!g_-0 （2）Method to judge the stamping property of the material, find parameters to express the definitely material property of the stamping forming, establish the relationship between the property parameters and the practical stamping forming, and investigate the testing methods of the property parameters. S Wrinkling that occurs in the stamping of tapered square cups and stepped rectangular cups is investigated. A common characteristic of these two types of wrinkling is that the wrinkles are found at the draw wall that is relatively unsupported. In the stamping of a tapered square cup, the effect of process parameters, such as the die gap and blank-holder force, on the occurrence of wrinkling is examined using finiteelement simulations. The simulation results show that the larger the die gap, the more severe is the wrinkling, and such wrinkling cannot be suppressed by increasing the blank-holder force. In the analysis of wrinkling that occurred in the stamping of a stepped rectangular cup, an actual production part that has a similar type of geometry was examined. The wrinkles found at the draw wall are attributed to the unbalanced stretching of the sheet metal between the punch head and the step edge. An optimum die design for the purpose of eliminating the wrinkles is determined using finite-element analysis. The good agreement between the simulation results and those observed in the wrinkle-free production part validates the accuracy of the finite-element analysis, and demonstrates the advantage of using finite-element analysis for stamping die design. OpFydmlr Wrinkling is one of the major defects that occur in the sheet metal forming process. For both functional and visual reasons, wrinkles are usually not acceptable in a finished part. There are three types of wrinkle which frequently occur in the sheet metal forming process: flange wrinkling, wall wrinkling, and elastic buckling of the undeformed area owing to residual elastic compressive stresses. In the forming operation of stamping a complex shape, draw-wall wrinkling means the occurrence of wrinkles in the die cavity. Since the sheet metal in the wall area is relatively unsupported by the tool, the elimination of wall wrinkles is more difficult than the suppression of flange wrinkles. It is well known that additional stretching of the material in the unsupported wall area may prevent wrinkling, and this can be achieved in practice by increasing the blank-holder force; but the application of excessive tensile stresses leads to failure by tearing. Hence, the blank-holder force must lie within a narrow range, above that necessary to suppress wrinkles on the one hand, and below that which produces fracture on the other. This narrow range of blank-holder force is difficult to determine. For wrinkles occurring in the central area of a stamped part with a complex shape, a workable range of blank-holder force does not even exist.uXqw&+P(8d 冲压成形与板材冲压 xmk56O71概述 TcmEMl 通过模具使板材产生塑性变形而获得成品零件的一次成形工艺方法叫做冲压。由于冲压通常在冷态下进行，因此也称为冷冲压。只有当板材厚度超过8100mm时，才采用热冲压。冲压加工的原材料一般为板材或带材，故也称板材冲压。某些非金属板材（如胶木板、云母片、石棉、皮革等）亦可采用冲压成形工艺进行加工。 J4 冲压广泛应用于金属制品各行业中，尤其在汽车、仪表、军工、家用电器等工业中占有极其重要的地位。 WN;aTN_*l 冲压成形需研究工艺设备和模具三类基本问题。 d|3,9yRC 板材冲压具有下列特点： 6Nu.+ （1）高的材料利用率。 OZ6D+k （2）可加工薄壁、形状复杂的零件。 |h pzQR （3）冲压件在形状和尺寸方面的互换性好。 $7VG （4）能获得质量轻而强度高、刚性好的零件。 1U|46 （5）生产率高，操作简单，容易实现机械化和自动化。 zSED_FA 冲压模具制作成本高，因此适合大批量生产。对于小批量、多品种生产，常采用简易冲模，同时引进冲压加工中心等新型设备，以满足市场求新求变的需求。 j94u;vR 板材冲压常用的金属材料有低碳钢、铜、铝、镁合金及高塑性的合金刚等。如前所述，材料形状有板材和带材。 sz_Ir?UD 冲压生产设备有剪床和冲床。剪床是用来将板材剪切成具有一定宽度的条料，以供后续冲压工序使用，冲床可用于剪切及成形。 c.?gF8L 2冲压成形的特点 GWV!xiVwz 生产时间中所采用的冲压成形工艺方法有很多，具有多种形式饿名称，但塑性变形本质是相同的。冲压成形具有如下几个非常突出的特点。 9.qsC4zW （1）垂直于板面方向的单位面积上的压力，其数值不大便足以在板面方向上使 板材产生塑性变形。由于垂直于板面方向上的单位面积上压力的素质远小于板面方向上的内应力，所以大多数的冲压变形都可以近似地当作平面应力状态来处理，使其变形力学的分析和工艺参数的计算大呢感工作都得到很大的简化。 ?Hv 分离工序是使胚料的一部分与另一部分相互分离的工艺方法，主要有落料、冲孔、切边、剖切、修整等。其中又以冲孔、落料应用最广。变形工序是使胚料的一部分相对于另一部分产生位
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