关 键 词：

906 别克赛欧ABS工作原理与检修 别克 ABS 工作 原理 检修

资源描述：

906 别克赛欧ABS工作原理与检修,906,别克赛欧ABS工作原理与检修,别克,ABS,工作,原理,检修

内容简介：

南通职业大学毕业设计（论文）课题： 系 科： 专 业： 班 级： 姓 名： 指导教师： 完成日期： 南通职业大学 届毕业设计（论文）任务书学生姓名所学专业班 级课题名称工作内容（应完成的设计内容、论文内容）工作要求（设计应达到的性能、指标，论文质量要求）主要参考资料 工作进度要求课题组其他成员指导教师（签名）教研室主任（签名）部门批准（盖章）签发日期注：本任务书一式三份，由指导教师填写，教研室主任审核，系部批准后下发；学生、指导教师、系部各一份。摘要摘 要汽车防抱死制动控制系统(简称ABS)是改善汽车主动安全性的重要装置，在汽车日益高速化的今天，它的应用日益广泛。ABS控制方法是ABS的核心技术，掌握控制方法的设计和匹配，对于自主开发ABS和进一步开展汽车主动安全性理论和技术研究有着重要的现实意义。本次毕业设计主要讲述了别克赛欧汽车防抱死制动控制系统(简称ABS)的发展现状、结构以及工作原理,并重点讲述了别克赛欧轿车ABS系统的检修。关键词：防抱死制动系统；ABS；别克赛欧；故障检修IIAbstractAbstractAnti-lock Braking System (ABS) is an important device to improve the active safety of vehicle. Today with the improvement of the vehicle speed, ABS is applied widely and widely. The ABS control solution is the core of the ABS technology. It is important to master the design and the control parameter calibration method of the control solution in the aspect of developing our own ABS and doing further research in the theory and technology of the vehicle active safety. The graduation design mainly described the buick SaiOu car antilock brake braking control system (hereinafter referred to as ABS) development present situation, the structure and working principle, and focuses on the buick SaiOu cars of ABS system maintenance.Key Words：Anti-lock Braking System ；ABS；Buick Sail；Repair目录目 录摘要IAbstractII第一章 引言11.1 ABS的发展现状11.2 别克赛欧ABS的发展2第二章 ABS的结构与工作原理22.1 ABS简介32.2 别克赛欧ABS系统组成32.2.1 赛欧ABS结构42.2.2 赛欧ABS控制电路42.2.3 ABS系统元件位置52.3 ABS的工作原理52.4 ABS系统与一般刹车系统的作用比较6第三章 别克赛欧ABS系统检修83.1 ABS诊断系统检修83.2 ABS指示灯亮但无故障代码的检修93.3电磁阀继电器触点或线圈线路断路的检修93.4 ABS系统供应电压低的诊断104.5 ABS系统供电电压高的检修113.6制动液低的检修123.7 LF轮速传感器输入信号为0的检修133.8 RF轮速传感器输入信号为0的检修143.9 LR轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断153.10 RR轮速传感器输入信号为0的检修17参考文献19致谢 20附录一 21附录二 28 33南通职业大学毕业设计（论文）第一章 引言1.1 ABS的发展现状随着世界经济和工业化进程的不断发展，对汽车的舒适性与安全性提出了越来越高的要求。众所周知，汽车是陆地行驶车辆中机动性极强的交通工具，它既可行驶在高附着系数的干燥路面上，也可行驶于雨、雪气候条件下的湿滑路面上。当驾驶汽车在潮湿的路面上或是有积雪的道路上，或为了躲避障碍，或为了防止追尾、碰撞而作紧急制动时，车辆尾部会翘起，严重时车辆会打转。在积雪的路面上由于出现行驶轨迹，以及部分路面从积雪中露出，这时如果车辆的左右车轮中的一个在无雪的道路上，而另一个在有雪的路面上行驶时，就极有可能发生车辆打转的现象。如果在这样的条件下进行紧急制动，就很难掌握方向盘，有可能闯入其它车道，或无法躲避道路上的障碍物，或滑移出路面，呈现不稳定的失控状态。防抱死刹车系统(Anti-Lock Braking System，简称ABS)就是为了防止这种危险状况而开发的装置。它是基于汽车轮胎与路面之间的附着特性而开发的高技术制动系统，它从防止制动过程中车辆“抱死”的要求出发(此处所谓“抱死”是指制动时车轮已停止转动，而车辆因为惯性使车轮仍在路面上滑移这一现象)，防止紧急制动过程中出现前述不稳定的工况，从而达到提高汽车行驶稳定性和方向操纵性为目的的主动安全性装置。汽车防抱死制动系统是汽车在任何路面上进行较大制动力刹车时，防止车轮完全抱死的系统，是具有良好制动效果的刹车装置。这种系统利用电子电路自动控制车轮制动力，可以充分发挥制动器的效能，提高制动减速度和缩短制动距离，并能有效地提高车辆制动的稳定性，防止车辆侧滑和甩尾，减少车祸，因此被认为是当前提高汽车行驶安全性的有效措施之一，目前在国外高级轿车和客车上已广泛使用。现在ABS技术已日趋完善，其制造成本不断降低，普及率不断提高。据统计1995年美国、德国、日本在轿车上装备ABS的比率分别达到50%, 50%, 45%a目前，通用、奔驰、宝马和保时捷等公司生产的轿车上已100%装备了ABS。许多国家己经立法将ABS装置作为某类型汽车的必须装备，如1987年欧共体颁布法规规定:成员国汽车厂凡申请新车型许可证时该车型必须装备ABS，并自1991年起重型车必须装备ABS，禁止未装备ABS的车辆进口。目前估计全球己有90%以上的车辆装备了ABS。我国对ABS的研究始于上世纪80年代初，并逐步制定了一些刹车和安全性方面的法规。国家已将车辆装备ABS系统作为强制性要求在“十五”期间推广，1999年10月1日实施的国家标准GB 12676-1999明确规定:2003年重量在12吨以上的客车、重量在16吨以上的重型汽车，以及重量在10吨以上的04类挂车必须安装ABS。但是，由于我国ABS的研发工作起步较晚，技术水平与先进国家相比还有较大的差距，实际上还处于研制、试验阶段，远未能达到大批量生产的阶段，不少汽车所用的ABS仍然采用进口产品，这一现状亚待改进。1.2 ABS系统检修的意义由于ABS在日常驾驶的制动动作中并不总是产生作用，所以有许多人并不能真正将ABS运用到充分发挥其效果的程度上。因此，通过本次毕业设计我好要告诉大家轿车ABS系统的重要性和对ABS系统检修进行检修的重要意义。首先必须消除一些错误的观念，由于一些人对ABS缺少正确认识，所以难免会产生一些错误观念，直到酿成祸事也不知道原因究竟何在。由于ABS系统在汽车中起着举足轻重的作用，因此对汽车中ABS系统的检修也变得越来越重要。本文即利用现有的资料和文献以别克赛欧汽车上的ABS系统为例，结合赛欧汽车ABS系统的结构、控制线路和原理加强对ABS系统的检修。第二章 ABS的结构与工作原理2.1 ABS简介“ABS”（Anti-locked Braking System）中文译为“防抱死刹车系统”。它是一种具有防滑、防锁死等优点的汽车安全控制系统。ABS是常规刹车装置基础上的改进型技术，可分机械式和电子式两种。它既有普通制动系统的制动功能，又能防止车轮锁死，使汽车在制动状态下仍能转向，保证汽车的制动方向稳定性，防止产生侧滑和跑偏，是目前汽车上最先进、制动效果最佳的制动装置。图2.1为ABS系统模型示意图；图2.2为ABS系统原理框图。图2.1 ABS系统模型示意图图2.2 ABS系统原理框图2.2 别克赛欧ABS系统组成2.2.1 赛欧ABS结构赛欧轿车ABS采用BOSCH公司生产的防抱死制动系统，主要由ABS控制模块、前后轮轮速传感器、ABS警告订及压力调节器组成，如图2.3所示。 该系统采用4个传感器三通道形式，即对两个前轮进行独立控制对两个后轮按低选原则以容易抱死的车轮为控制标淮)进行统一控制。图2.3 别克赛欧ABS组成2.2.2 赛欧ABS控制电路图2.4 别克赛欧ABS控制电路2.2.3 ABS系统元件位置别克赛欧汽车ABS系统元件位置如表2.1所示：表2.1 ABS系统元件位置元件名称元件位置车身控制模块（BCM）左侧IP下方，转向柱左边制动液面指示灯开关装在制动液贮液罐的右边数据传输装置连接器（DLC）IP的左侧下部，转向柱的右边电控制动控制模块/电动制动牵引力控制模块（EBCM/EBTCM）发动机舱的后左侧，与连在制动主缸前部的制动压力调节器阀（BPMV）装在一起电控牵引力控制和雾灯总成IP的前方，转向柱的左边，大灯开关总成的下方保险丝盒IP的右侧，在右前门洞内铰接组件SP205IP下方，转向柱的右侧发动机罩内辅助设备接线盒发动机舱的右侧，装在悬架支柱上LF轮速传感器LF轮毂内LR轮速传感器LR轮毂内RF轮速传感器RF轮毂内RR轮速传感器RR轮毂内2.3 ABS的工作原理ABS通常都由车轮转速传感器、制动压力调节装置、电子控制装置和ABS警示灯等组成，在不同的ABS系统中，制动压力调节装置的结构形式和工作原理往往不同，电子控制装置的内部结构和控制逻辑也可能不尽相同。 在常见的ABS系统中，每个车轮上各安装一个转速传感器，将有关各车轮转速的信号输入电子控制装置。电子控制装置根据各车轮转速传感器输入的信号对各个车轮的运动状态进行监测和判定，并形成相应的控制指令。制动压力调节装置主要由调压电磁阀、电动泵和储液器等组成一个独立的整体，通过制动管路与制动主缸和各制动轮缸相连。制动压力调节装置受电子控制装置的控制，对各制动轮缸的制动压力进行调节。 ABS的工作过程可以分为常规制动，制动压力保持制动压力减小和制动压力增大等阶段。在常规制动阶段，ABS并不介入制动压力控制，调压电磁阀总成中的各进液电磁阀均不通电而处于开启状态，各出液电磁阀均不通电而处于关闭状态，电动泵也不通电运转，制动主缸至各制动轮缸的制动管路均处于沟通状态，而各制动轮缸至储液器的制动管路均处于封闭状态，各制动轮缸的制动压力将随制动主缸的输出压力而变化，此时的制动过程与常规制动系统的制动过程完全相同 在制动过程中，电子控制装置根据车轮转速传感器输入的车轮转速信号判定有车轮趋于抱死时，ABS就进入防抱制动压力调节过程。例如，电子控制装置判定右前轮趋于抱死时，电子控制装置就使控制右前轮刮动压力的进液电磁阀通电，使右前进液电磁阀转入关闭状态，制动主缸输出的制动液不再进入右前制动轮缸，此时，右前出液电磁阀仍未通电而处于关闭状态，右前制动轮缸中的制动液也不会流出，右前制动轮缸的刮动压力就保持一定，而其它未趋于抱死车轮的制动压力仍会随制动主缸输出压力的增大而增大；如果在右前制动轮缸的制动压力保持一定时，电子控制装置判定右前轮仍然趋于抱死，电子控制装置又使右前出液电磁阀也通电而转入开启状态，右前制动轮缸中的部分制动波就会经过处于开启状态的出液电磁阀流回储液器，使右前制动轮缸的制动压力迅速减小右前轮的抱死趋势将开始消除，随着右前制动轮缸制动压力的减小，右前轮会在汽车惯性力的作用下逐渐加速；当电子控制装置根据车轮转速传感器输入的信号判定右前轮的抱死趋势已经完全消除时，电子控制装置就使右前进液电磁阀和出液电磁阀都断电，使进液电磁阀转入开启状态，使出液电磁阀转入关闭状态，同时也使电动泵通电运转，向制动轮缸泵输送制动液，由制动主缸输出的制动液经电磁阀进入右前制动轮缸，使右前制动轮缸的制动压力迅速增大，右前轮又开抬减速转动。 ABS通过使趋于抱死车轮的制动压力循环往复而将趋于防抱车轮的滑动率控制，在峰值附着系数滑动率的附近范围内，直至汽车速度减小至很低或者制动主缸的常出压力不再使车轮趋于抱死时为止。制动压力调节循环的频率可达320HZ。在该ABS中对应于每个制动轮缸各有对进液和出液电磁阀，可由电子控制装置分别进行控制，因此，各制动轮缸的制动压力能够被独立地调节，从而使四个车轮都不发生制动抱死现象。 尽管各种ABS的结构形式和工作过程并不完全相同，但都是通过对趋于抱死车轮的制动压力进行自适应循环调节，来防止被控制车轮发生制动抱死。 2.4 ABS系统与一般刹车系统的作用比较设若是由有ABS系统控制的车辆。是由一位有丰富驾驶经验的人驾驶，以踩放踩放操作刹车。是指一般人以一脚踩到底的方式操作刹车。则其有关刹车制动力、车速与时间关系及刹停距离的表现，如图2.5所示。由上图比较可知：ABS系统就像是一个经验非常丰富的驾驶者，能以每秒12次的频率做踩放踩放刹车，使车辆在很短时间，很短距离就刹停。 图2.5 ABS与一般刹车系统的比较第三章 别克赛欧ABS系统检修一般在日常维修当中，我们发现不仅是上海通用别克制动系故障，其它车型的制动系统故障基本有以下几种。别克赛欧ABS系统几种常见故障检修方法总结如下3.1 ABS诊断系统检修ABS诊断系统的检查流程如表4.1所示。表4.1 ABS诊断系统的检查流程步骤 操作方法是否1（1）重新连上所有预先脱开的元件（2）将点火开关由“OFF”位置转至“ON”位置，发动机不起动（3）将Tech 2扫描工具连在DLC（诊断连接器）上（4）看Tech 2扫描工具是否能与EBCM/EBTCM进行通讯联络进行第2步进行3，不能与EBCM/EBTCM进行通讯联络的诊断2用Tech 2 扫描工具读取故障代码，看是否有故障代码参阅维修手册进行第3步3将点火开关由“OFF”位置转至“ON”位置，不起动发动机，看仪表板上的“ANTILOCK”指示灯是否点亮几秒后熄灭进行第4步进行第7步4将点火开关由“OFF”位置转至“ON”位置，不起动发动机，看仪表板上的“LOW TRAC”指示灯是否点亮几秒后熄灭进行第5步进行第8步5将点火开关由“OFF”位置转至“ON”位置，不起动发动机，看仪表板上的“TRAC OFF”（牵引力控制）指示灯是否点亮几秒后熄灭进行第6步进行第9步6将点火开关由“OFF”位置转至“ON”位置，不起动发动要同，看仪表板上的“LOW TIRF”指示灯是否点亮几秒后熄灭进行第11步进行第10步7“ANTILOCK” 指示灯是否点亮并一直保持点亮状态进行4进行58“LOW TRAC”指示灯是否点亮并一直保持点亮状态进行6进行79“TRAC OFF”（牵引力控制）指示灯是否点亮并一直保持点亮状态进行8进行910“LOW TIRE”指示灯是否点亮并一直保持点亮状态进行“LOW TIRE（低胎压）指示灯一直点亮又无故障代码”的诊断进行“LOW TIRE（低胎压）指示灯一直不亮又无故障代码”的诊断11有无任何历史故障代码进行步骤12系统诊断结束12（1）参阅故障代码表，看历史故障代码的含义（2）在设置历史故障代码的条件下细心地驾驶车辆（3）用Tech2扫描工具监测ABS系统的故障代码，看历史故障代码是否又作为当前故障代码被存储按故障代码进行诊断系统诊断结束3.2、ABS指示灯亮但无故障代码的检修根据别克赛欧汽车ABS系统相关指示灯的位置，当点火开关被转至“RUN”位置，进行IPC灯泡检查期间，IPC将点亮“ABS”警告指示灯约3s，然后熄灭。若EBCM/EBTCM设置了故障代码，EBCM/EBTCM便向级串行数据发行一个信息给IPC，让IPC命令仪表板上的“ABS”指示灯点亮。“ABS”指示灯亮但无故障代码的诊断流程如图4.1所示。图4.1 ABS指示灯亮不工作但无故障代码的诊断流程3.3、电磁阀继电器触点或线圈线路断路的检修根据别克赛欧汽车电控制动控制系统的电路图。电控制动控制继电器用于向电磁阀和泵电动机供电。位于EBCM/EBTCM上的电控制动控制继电器在无故障存在的情况下，无论何时，只要点火开关位于“RUN”位置，它便动作。一旦点火开关被转至“OFF”位置或EBCM/EBTCM检测到一个故障，电控制动控制继电器便停止工作。无论何时，电控制动控制继电器被命令打开且电磁阀继电器电压小于8V、点火开关电压大于10.5V，EBCM/EBTCM便记录故障代码C1214，同时EBCM/EBTCM关闭ABS/TCS，点亮ABS/TCS指示灯。电磁阀继电器触点或线圈线路断路的检修流程如图4.2所示。图4.2 电磁阀继电器触点或线圈断路的诊断流程3.4、ABS系统供应电压低的诊断如果电压降至10.5V以下，ABS的功能将不能保证。在ABS工作期间，有好几个电流请求将导致蓄电池电压下降，因此，车上的充电系统在良好情况下，ABS工作时，电压可以有明显下降。在车速高于8km/h，蓄电池和点火电压均低于10.8V且车辆无法在ABS状况下工作时，EBCM/EBTCM将记录故障代码C1236-系统供应电压低。在ABS工作条件下，蓄电池和点火电压必须降至9.35V以下，EBCM/EBTCM才记录故障代码C1236。当故障代码C1236出现时，EBCM/EBTCM在存储故障代码的同时，会自动解除ABS/TCS，并点亮仪表板上的ABS/TCS指示灯。另外，充电系统故障、蓄电池漏电、蓄电池电缆松动、发动机搭铁线故障等也会导致故障代码C1236出现，故在检修时应特别注意。ABS系统供应电压低的诊断流程如图4.3所示。图4.3 ABS系统供应电压低的诊断流程4.5、ABS系统供电电压高的检修在一个规定的电压范围内，EBCM/EBTCM才具有正确的控制功能，系统供应电压高将有可能损坏EBCM/EBTCM。在车速大于8km/h时，若蓄电池电压高于17V，EBCM/EBTCM便记录系统供应电压高。在EBCM/EBTCM存储故障代码的同时，EBCM/EBTCM解除ABS，并点亮仪表板上的ABS指示灯。系统供应电压高的诊断流程如图4.4所示。图4.4 ABS系统供应电压高的诊断流程3.6、制动液低的检修制动液位指示电路如图4.5所示。当制动主缸中的制动液位低时，制动液位指示开关将回路搭铁，点亮仪表板上的红色制动指示灯，然后仪表板向EBTCM发送一个级串行数据。若低制动液信息从IPC送至EBTCM，TCS将被解除并设置一个故障代码， EBTCM在存储故障代码的同时，还将解除TCS，点亮TCS指示灯、红色制动指示灯、“SERVICE VEHICLE SOON”指示灯。图4.5 制动液位指示电路3.7 LF轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断LF轮速传感器的电路如图4.6所示。当左前轮速为0且其他车轮的速度大于8km/h的情况下出现的时间达2.5s，故障代码便被设置。EBCM/EBTCM在存储故障代码的同时，解除ABS/ETS/TCS，并点亮仪表板上的黄色ABS/ETS/TCS指示灯。LF轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断流程如图4.7所示。图4.6 LF轮速传感器电路图图4.7 LF轮速传感器输入信号为0的检修流程3.8 RF轮速传感器输入信号为0的检修根据RF轮速传感器的电路图4.8。当右前轮速为0且其他车轮速度大于8km/h的时间达2.5s，EBCM/EBTCM便设置故障代码，在存储故障代码的同时，EBCM/EBTCM解除ABS/ETS/TCS，并点亮仪表板上的黄色ABS/ETS/TCS指示灯。RF轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断流程如图4.9所示。图4.8 RF轮速传感器的电路图图4.9 RF轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断流程3.9 LR轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断根据LR（左后）轮速传感器的电路图4.10。若左后车轮速度为0，但其他车轮速度大于8km/h的时间达2.5s，EBCM/EBTCM便设置故障代码，EBCM/EBTCM解除ABS/ETS/TCS，并点亮仪表板上的黄色ABS/ETS/TCS指示灯。LR轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断流程如图4.11所示。图4.10 LR轮速传感器的电路图图4.11 LR轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断流程3.10 RR轮速传感器输入信号为0的检修根据RR轮速传感器的电路图4.12。当EBCM/EBTCM监测到的右后车轮速度为0，而其他车轮速度大于8km/h的时间达2.5s，便设置故障代码，在存储故障代码的同时，EBCM/EBTCM解除ABS/ETS/TCS，并点亮仪表板上的黄色ABS/ETS/TCS指示灯。RR轮速传感器输入信号为0的诊断流程如图4.13所示。图4.12 RR轮速传感器的电路图图4.13 RR轮速传感器输入信号为0的检修流程参考文献1戴绪愚.自寻最优控制.科学出版社，1986年.2钱学森，宋健.工程控制论(下).科学出版社，1982年.3余志生.汽车理论.机械工业出版社，20仍年.4胡寿松.自动控制原理.国防工业出版社，1987年.5麻友良.汽车电器及电子控制系统.机械工业出版社，2002年.6雷雨成.汽车系统动力学及仿真国防工业出版社，1997年.7韩月平.车用防抱死制动系统(ABs)控制器的研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2003年.8宋健，李勇.汽车防抱死制动系统控制方法的研究进展.公路交通科技，2002(12)9赵治国，方宗德，李杰.防抱制动系统参数自适应滑模变结构控制器的研究.机械科学与技术，2002(21)10宋健，陈在峰.制动器耗散功率最大为目标的ABS控制方法.清华大学学报，1997(12).11吴浩硅，周伟源.汽车ABS滑移率的计算研究.机电工程技术，2001(30).12程军等.汽车防抱制动系统的控制方法分析.汽车技术，1992(10).致谢论文的研究工作是在指导老师的悉心指导下完成的。指导老师渊博的科学知识、严谨的工作作风和诚恳的处世态度都使我受益颇深。论文从选题到具体的工作，都倾注了指导导师不少的心血，指导老师不仅在科研工作中对我严格要求，在日常生活上也给予我很多关怀和教导。在此向辛勤培育我的王老师致以崇高的敬意和深深的感谢!此外，还要感谢其他在我论文写作过程中与以帮助的老师和同学。在此对他们的帮忙和支持表示感谢。附录一：外文文献原文SuspensionThe modern of in the car has two kinds of suspension, a kind of suspension is from move , another a kind of suspension is active of. From move an a function for, is from spring coil, reducing flapping machine( reduce to the flap ), leading to organization etc. constituting, it is vibration that impact to dies down roadecause this kind of can produce the function dint by oneself, therefore call active of .The active of is more than ten years to develop of, from a kind of new of that computer control, have three terms: (1) have to can produce the motive source of the function dint; (2) carry out a piece can deliver this kind of function dint combines it can continue the work; (3) have the variety spreads to feel the machine combines to concentrates the relevant data to micro-computer to proceed to carry to calculate to combine the decision controls the way.Therefore, active a technique for gathering together mechanics with electronics knowledge, is a kind of high technique that compare t pass the carriage dint, the reduces from the impact dint but causable loading system.Among them the spring coil rises primarily the function that deceleration pound at dint, reduce the main function that flap the machine is a to reduce the vibration.Because this kind of be driven by outside dint but rise function of, so call from move . But active a device for of in the control link installing can producing take out moving, adopt a kind of repress in suppressing the dint by dint the road face the impact dint of the carriage and the inclination dint of the carriage.B o sophisticate to equip. For example equip active an axis for of France snow iron dragon mulberry,the cars a system is speed, carriage that a micro-computer, have on the of the 5 kinds of spreading feels machine, distinguish to deliver to micro-computer the car soon, the ex- round system moves the pressure and step to move the accelerator pedal perpendicular flap and frequencies, change direction the dish angle and change direction flat-out etc. data directionally.The computer receives these datases continuously and with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison, choosing the homologous an appearance.At the same time,on micro-computer independence control.each a car wheel of carry out a dollar a for, passing the control reduce to flap the machine inside hydraulic-pneumatic variety creation take out moving, from but can on any time, any car wheel creation meeting request a sport.Therefore, the mulberry bridge car has various drivers modes chooses, driving as long as pull to move to locate the vice- the normal on the instrument panel or sport button, car will establishes automatically in the best an appearance, in order to best and comfortable function. Moreover, active a function for having carriage sport of control.When the car system moves or turns a corner of inertial cause When the spring coil transform, active a dint for would producing first and opposite anti- in the dint of , reduce the variety of the carriage position.For example Germany speeds 2000 CLs type sport car, be, the vehicle turns a corner an inclination for spreading feeling machine would immediately examining carriage with horizontal acceleration, computer according to information that spreading and feeling machine, with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison computes, immediately certain at where full general how big of loading and adding to . The active in car a liquid presses with the air type: From the angle demarcation of the control dint, the of can is divided into passive of , active of in half with active of . Current, the automotive a system has the spring coil with reduce to flap the machine mostly, theincapable source inside a system insupplies the device, its flexibility cant change with the exterior work with the , therefore calling that this kind of is passive of . Active an action for thering is direct dint in conduct and actions taking place machine, can according to input and output the superior feedback of proceeding control, making a the of has to reduce to shake the characteristic bestly, toing increase the automotive and going smoothly with manipulate the stability.It constitutes with a dint occurrence machine Fe from the flexibility a C. Half active a spring coil for can seeing making from variable characteristic with machine that reducing and flapping the a system constitutes, although it cant proceed the superior control with regulate with the outsider importation, it can press saving under every kind of term of the calculator superior spring coil with reduce to flap the machine excellent to turn the parameter instruction to regulate the spring coil just a the appearance of for with reducing flapping machine.It from flexibility a C with a per coefficient can the machine of regulated within the scope of big constitute. The electronics technique control car a system is main from( the car is high and change direction the Cape, acceleration, road the estimate) spread to feel the machine, electronics control ECU, of control of carry out machine etc. constitute.The control function of the system usually has below three: 1 the car is high to adjust to be the car at rise and fall When the uneven road drive, can make carriage jacked up, in order to in pass;When the good road mades good time, can lower the carriage, to reduce the air help, increase to manipulate the stability. 2 dint controls is used to increase to manipulate the stability automotively, in the flashback curved, nasty accelerates to move with the urgent system circumstance next, can rr is to the side , horizontal put the flutter with the control of the carriage can more quick, precision, the car mades good time with the stability exaltation of the turn, carriage side reduce.The ex- in carriage is small when system move, starting with nasty accelerate can after reducing .Even in the bad road, the flutter of the carriage too less, the tire increases to the adhesive strength of the ground. One.The active type liquid presses of The active type liquid that electronics control presses a quantity for can according to of with acceleration etc., making use of the liquid press the parts actively automotive vibration in control.The active type liquid presses a the of arrange to is sepress the variety of the carriage. 3 spring coil just a control changes spring coil just degree, make a contented sport or comfortable request. Adopt an empress, cahown as diagram on the car, having in the nearby gearing in center of gravity in car lengthways, horizontal acceleration with horizontal put the top preads to feel machine, use to collect the carriage the vibration, the car wheel jumps about, carriage high degree with tilt to one side appearance etc. signal, these signalses is inputed control unit ECU, ECU according to input signal with in advance the procedure that set up issues to control the instruction, controling the servo electrical engineering combines to manipulate in front and back four carry out a work. two.Active type air . In electronics control of active type air a system, tiny machine according to spread to feel the machine changeses to an instruction for issuing the instruction, the of can give according to the tiny machine after delivering of the signal with the control mode that pilot give has been carries to calculate the analysis of just degree with the coefficient of , is a carriage within the scope of drives to keeps in the process good and stable function, and respond to the vibration of the carriage to control at allow of.Say generally, the control contents of the active type air includes the carriage high degree and reduce to flap the machine reduces the dint, spring coil flexibility coefficient waits three item; 1 high control in car;Cent standard, go up with only after going up a three kinds of works appearance; 2 reduce the that shake the machine reduce the dint control the cent low, inside, high three file; 3 the cent of flexibility coefficient of air spring coilses are soft and hard two file. The air an electronics controls the work principle of the system;Use the air compressor formation compressed air, combine to give the compressed air to spring coil with the air room that reducing and shaking the machine inside, changes with this the high degree of the vehicle.Fore a neighborhood for with empress round establishes the car the high spreading feels machine, press car the high spreading the exportation signal that feels the machine, the tiny machine judges the vehicle the high degree, then control compressor with line up the spirit valve, make spring coil compression or elongation, from butcontrol vehicle high degree. Establish the electric motor in reduce shook machine, the electric motor suffers the signal control of the tiny machine.Making use of the electric motor can change the size of the air hole . Say in a specific way, switch in last free spirit in instrument panel in car a system, make use of the switch can become 6 kinds of different works method. The automatic gearbox The automatic gearbox chooses to block the pole the equal to moving the stick shift of the gearbox, having generally below several blocks:P( parking), R( pour to block), N( get empty to block), D( go forward), S( or2, namely for 2 block soon), L.( or1, namely for 1 block soon)This several an usage for blocking a right usages coming driver the automatic gearbox is automotive of person to say particularly important, underneath let us very much familiar with once automatic gearbox eachly blockings main theme. The usage of the P ( the parking blocks) The launches the luck turns as long as choose to block the pole in driving the position, automatic gearbox car run about very easily.But park, choose to block the pole must pull into of P, from but pass the internal parking system in gearbox moves the device will output the stalk lock lives, combining to tense the hand system move, preventing the car ambulation. The usage of the R( pour to block)R a control for is pouring blocking, using inside wanting slicing recording, automatic gearbox car unlike moving gearbox car so can using half moving, so while reversing the car wanting special attention accelerating pedal. The usage of the N( get empty to block) The N is equal to get empty to block, can while starting or hour of trailer usage.At wait for the signal or block up the car will often often choose to block the pole keeps in the of D, trampling at the same time the next system move.If time is very short, do like this is an admission of, but if stop the time long time had better change into of N, combine to tense the hand system moves.Because choose to block the pole in driving the position, the automatic gearbox car has generally and all to drive the trend faintly, long hours trample the system move same as a deterrent this kind of trend, make gearbox oil gone up, the oil liquid changes in character easily.Particularly in the air condition machine work, launch the soon higher circumstance in machine bottom more disadvantageous.Some pilots for the sake of stanza oil, at made good time or go down slope will choose to block the pole pull the of N skids, this burn the bad gearbox very easily, launching the machine to revolves soon in the however because the gearbox outputs at this time the stalk turns soon very high, the oil pump provides the oil shortage, lubricating the condition worsen, burn the bad gearbox easily. The usage of the D( go forward to block) Will choose to block when is normal to drive the pole put in the of D, car can at 1 4 block( or 3 block) its change to block automatically.The of D drives the position most in common usely.What demand control is:Because the automatic gearbox is soon high and low with car to come to make sure to block according to the accelerator size a, so accelerate the pedal operation method is different, changing to block the hour of the car is soon too not same alike.If start hour quick accelerate the pedal tramples the bottom, rising to block the night, accelerating the ability is strong, arriving certain car soon behind, then will accelerate the pedal loosen to open very quickly, car can rise to block immediately, launch like this the machine voice is small, comfortable good. The another characteristics of the D is a compulsory low blocking, easy to high speed the hour overtakes a car, will accelerate quickly in of D drove the pedal trample after all, connect the compulsory low fend off the pass and then can reduce to block automatically, the car accelerates very quickly, after overtaking a car loosen to open the pedal of acceleration to can rise to block automatically again. The usage of the S, of L low the usage that block The automatic gearbox in in is placed in the low blocking the scope on of S or of Ls, can usage under an etc. circumstance.It change to can make use of to launch well into of S or of Ls the mechanism move, avoiding the car wheel system move the machine over hot, cause the system move the effect descent while going down slope.But change into from the of D of S or of L, car soon cant higher than rise to block the car homologously soon, otherwise strong vibration in opportunity to launch, make gearbox oil hoicked, even will damage the gearbox. The is another at rain fog weather hour, if the road adheres to the term bad, can change into a position for or of L, fixing at somely first lowly blocking driving, doing not use can automatically changing blocking, in order to prevent the car beats slippery.Must keep firmly in mind at the same time, beat the slippery hour can will choose to block the pole pushes into a motive for, cutting off launching machine, toing guarantee a car the safety.附录二：外文文献翻译汽 车 悬 架现代汽车中的悬架有两种，一种是从动悬架，另一种是主动悬架。 从动悬架即传统式的悬架，是由弹簧、减振器（减振筒）、导向机构等组成，它的功能是减弱路面传给车身的冲击力，衰减由冲击力而引起的承载系统的振动。其中弹簧主要起减缓冲击力的作用，减振器的主要作用是衰减振动。由于这种悬架是由外力驱动而起作用的，所以称为从动悬架。 而主动悬架的控制环节中安装了能够产生抽动的装置，采用一种以力抑力的方式来抑制路面对 车身的冲击力及车身的倾斜力。由于这种悬架能够自行产生作用力，因此称为主动悬架。 主动悬架是近十几年发展起来的，由电脑控制的一种新型悬架，具备三个条件： （1）具有能够产生作用力的动力源； （2）执行元件能够传递这种作用力并能连续工作； （3）具有多种传感器并将有关数据集中到微电脑进行运算并决定控制方式。因此，主动悬架汇集了力学和电子学的技术知识，是一种比较复杂的高技术装置。 例如装置了主动悬架的法国雪铁龙桑蒂雅，该车悬架系统的中枢是一个微电脑，悬架上有5 种 传感器，分别向微电脑传送车速、前轮制动压力、踏动油门踏板的速度、车身垂直方向的振幅及频率、转向盘角度及转向速度等数据。电脑不断接收这些数据并与预先设定的临界值进行比较，选择相应的悬架状态。同时，微电脑独立控制每一只车轮上的执行元件，通过控制减振器内油压的变化产生抽动，从而能在任何时候、任何车轮上产生符合要求的悬架运动。因此，桑蒂雅桥车备