2020春新教材高中英语 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION Section Ⅲ Reading and Thinking（2）学案 新人教版必修第三册

section reading and thinking(2).单词语境记忆根据汉语提示写出单词的适当形式1i want to be an astronaut (宇航员)，traveling to the moon in a spacecraft.2police insist that michael did not follow the correct procedure (程序，步骤) in applying for a visa.3poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental (精神的) health.4early astronomers thought that our planet was the centre of the universe (宇宙)5the satellite (人造卫星) enables us to calculate their precise location anywhere in the world.6he made determined (意志坚定的) efforts to overcome all the difficulties.7a series of technical foulups delayed the launch (上市) of the new product.8these youngsters are motivated not by a desire (渴望) to achieve，but by fear of failure.9air pollution is not new and has been ongoing (持续存在的) for a number of years.10anything with strong gravity (重力) attracts other things to it.短语语境填空根据汉语提示写出适当的短语1you can make_great_progress (取得很大进步) in your english if you work hard at it.2make_sure (确保) you have enough time to prepare for the new day ahead.3i usually lie down on the green grass and look_up_at (仰望) the clouds going by.4you can find_out (发现) whether they are prepared to share the cost of the flowers with you.5it took an extraordinary effort to focus_on (专注于) preparing his classes or correcting his students work.6the climbers kept on in_the_hope_of (抱着的希望) reaching the top with one last effort.7can the human race carry_on (继续) expanding and growing the same way that it is now?8the captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on_board (在船上).句式语境仿写1they make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人们带到太空去发现宇宙的秘密。仿写为了帮助孩子培养团队精神，课后将组织小组活动。group activities will be organized after class to_help_children_develop_team_spirit2.on 12 april 1961，yuri gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.1961年4月12日，尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。仿写1932年，她成为第一名独自飞越大西洋的女性。in 1932，she became the first woman to_fly_alone_across_the_atlantic3over eight years later，on 20 july 1969，american astronaut neil armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“thats one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind.”八年后的1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔阿姆斯特朗登上月球，他说：“这对一个人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。”仿写他们又说又笑地走进房间。 talking_and_smiling，they went into the room.4this is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信进行太空探索的重要性。仿写我是一个成功者，这是因为我已失败许多次。i am a success and thats_because i have failed many times.记单词.语境串记多义词1after the dragon spacecrafts were launched successfully many times，space x launched an advertisement campaign：the new model will be launched in two months.spacex公司设计的“龙”飞船多次成功发射后，该公司开始了一场宣传运动：其新型号宇宙飞船将在两个月后推出。2when he saw the traffic signal turned red，which is a signal of pause，he signalled/signaled to his friend to stop.当他看到交通信号灯变成红色，这是暂停的信号，他向他的朋友示意停下来。.构词法助记派生词形容词后缀：ed，t1determine(v.)determined(adj.)2disappoint(v.)disappointed(adj.)3interest(v.)interested(adj.)4move(v.)moved(adj.)5surprise(v.)surprised(adj.)6intelligence(n.)intelligent(adj.)7silence(n.)silent(adj.)8patience(n.)patient(adj.)9importance(n.)important(adj.)10independence(n.)independent (adj.)句型公式1不定式(短语)作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。2当名词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。3现在分词作伴随状语，和句中主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。4because引导表语从句时，位于系动词之后，用于强调原因。understanding in contextspace：the final frontier“are we alone？whats out there？”looking up at the stars，people have always wanted to learn more about space，and scientists work hard to find answers.they make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.they also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.before the mid20th century，most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream.however，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.after many experiments，they succeeded in making rockets that could escape earths gravity.on 4 october 1957，the sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the ussr and successfully orbited around earth.afterwards，the ussr focused on sending people into space，and on 12 april 1961，yuri gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.over eight years later，on 20 july 1969，american astronaut neil armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“thats one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind.”following this，many more goals were achieved.for example，americas nasa space agency launched voyager 1 on 5 september 1977 to study deep space，and it still transmits data today.although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen.all the astronauts on the ussrs soyuz 11 and americas challenger died during their missions.文化视窗“人类的一大步”尼尔奥尔登阿姆斯特朗(neil alden armstrong，1930年8月5日2012年8月25日)，美国宇航员、试飞员、海军飞行员以及大学教授。 在美国国家航空航天局服役时，阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月21日时成为了第一个踏上月球的宇航员，也是第一个在地球外星体上留下脚印的人类成员，而其搭档巴兹奥尔德林也成为了第二位登上月球后安全返回的人，两人在月球表面停留了两个半小时。 1969年7月，阿姆斯特朗在执行他的第二次也是最后一次太空任务阿波罗11号时，迈出了“人类的一大步”。1.determine vt.查明；确定；决定determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的determination n决定；决心；果断合作探究体会determine的用法和意义however，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(教材p40)然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。he was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.他下决心他的孩子都不会被剥夺教育。now that you determine to go，youd better go at once.既然你决定要去，你最好马上走。自主发现be determined to do.下定决心做某事be determined that. 下定决心determine to_do. 决定做某事巩固内化单句语法填空he has been determined (determine) that nothing should be changed in his report.we determine to_get (get) the work done before sunday.now that you have expressed your determination (determine)，you should act.2.on 12 april 1961，yuri gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.1961年4月12日，尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。【句式解读】句中不定式短语 to go into space作后置定语，修饰 the first person。【用法总结】不定式作后置定语的用法：(1)当被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.妇女和儿童首先乘坐救生船。(2)抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，courage，opportunity，wish 等后常用不定式作定语。i dont trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。he said he had no plans to go abroad.他说他没有出国的计划。(3)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next 等词时。the next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes.接下来要做的是让机器开五分钟。he is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。(4)表示将要发生的动作时。the car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。巩固内化单句语法填空the best way to_learn (learn) is to learn by experience.the last one to_arrive (arrive) pays the meal.agreed.its not you but your ability to_do (do) things that counts.the only thing for you to_do (do) is apologize to her.she was the first woman to_win(win) the gold medal in the olympic games.3.over eight years later，on 20 july 1969，american astronaut neil armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“thats one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind.”八年后的1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔阿姆斯特朗登上月球，他说：“这对一个人来说是一小步，对人类来说是一大步。”【句式解读】本句中“famously saying，thats one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind.”是现在分词作伴随状语，和句中主语american astronaut neil armstrong在逻辑上是主谓关系，和句中谓语动词stepped同时发生，即表示主动进行的动作。【用法总结】现在分词在句中作状语的用法：(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语保持一致，且分词(短语)与句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系。seeing those pictures，she remembered her childhood.看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。a number of new machines were installed in the factory，thus resulting in an increase in production.这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。(2)当现在分词(短语)的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用现在分词的完成时 having done。having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch tv.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。(3)作状语的分词(短语)相当于一个状语从句。working hard (if you work hard)，you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。巩固内化同义句转换he lay on the grass，and stared at the sky for a long time.he lay on the grass，staring_at_the_sky for a long time.his father died，and left him a lot of money.his father died，leaving_him_a_lot_of_moneyalthough they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.knowing_all_this，they made me pay for the damage. because he had lived in beijing for many years，carter knew the city well.having_lived_in_beijing for many years，carter knew the city well.understanding in contextthese disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.this is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.an example of this ongoing work is the international space station.it orbits earth and has astronauts from different countries on board，providing a continuous human presence in space.chinas space programme started later than those of russia and the us，but it has made great progress in a short time.china became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003，when yang liwei successfully orbited earth in the shenzhou 5 spacecraft.then shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first chinese spacewalk，followed by the vehicle jade rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.after that，china launched the tiangong 2 space lab into space and tianzhou 1 to dock with it.this signalled one step further in chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.more recently，china has sent change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.the future of space exploration remains bright.europe，the us，and china all have plans to further study and explore planets like mars and jupiter.despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.文化视窗“嫦娥四号”成功登陆月球背面2019年以前，人类在60年来的月球探测历程中成功实施了20次月面软着陆，全部位于朝向地球的月球正面。探测器下降轨迹和着陆点位置可以通过地面设备进行测量。2019年1月3日10时26分，“嫦娥四号”探测器顺利在月球背面预选区冯卡门撞击坑着陆，实现了人类历史上首次月背软着陆。截至到1月11日8时，“嫦娥四号”着陆器、“玉兔二号”巡视器和“鹊桥”中继卫星状态稳定，各项工作按计划实施。实现了首次地球与月球背面的测控通信，在月球背面留下了人类探测器的第一行足迹，揭开了古老月球背面的神秘面纱，开启了人类探索宇宙奥秘的新篇章。4.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的disappoint vt.使失望disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n失望；沮丧；令人失望的事(或人)合作探究体会disappoint的用法和意义i am afraid you are very disappointed with/at/about my bike.恐怕你对我的车非常不满意吧。we were disappointed to find the museum closed.看到博物馆已经关门，我们感到很沮丧。his failure in the exam disappointed his parents.他考试不及格令他的父母感到失望。to our disappointment，her best friend didnt come to her birthday party.令我们感到失望的是，她最好的朋友没有参加她的生日晚会。自主发现(be) disappointed at/about/with对感到失望(be) disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望(be) disappointed that从句 对感到失望to ones disappointment 令人失望的是巩固内化单句语法填空/补全句子she was disappointed to_learn (learn) that she had failed the course.the wine was excellent，but the food was disappointing (disappoint)its too bad we lost the game.im quite disappointed (disappoint) at our performance.to_his_disappointment(令他失望的是)，the expected party was called off.5.desire n渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望合作探究体会desire的用法和意义some people have a desire for a nicer car and a bigger house.有些人渴望有较好的车和较大的房子。she was tired of the life in the countryside and desired to go out.她对乡下的生活感到厌倦，渴望走出去。the government desired that every student (should) obey the school rules.政府强烈要求每个学生守校规校纪。自主发现a desire for.对的欲望desire to_do 要求做某事desire that从句 要求宾语从句的谓语动词：(should)动词原形巩固内化单句语法填空i owned a bookshop and desired to_expand (expand) the business.we desire that we (should)_be_informed (inform) of any changes in plans.思考接宾语从句时，从句用 (should) do形式的动词有：一坚持(insist)；二命令(order，command)；三建议(suggest，propose，advise)；四要求(demand，require，request，desire)6.signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n信号；标志合作探究写出下列句中signal的含义timoteo has an unusual jobhe is a human traffic signal.标志this was a signal for him to continue.信号mandy started after him，signaling to jesse to follow.示意this announcement signalled/signaled a clear change of policy.标志着自主发现a signal for_sb_to_do_sth一个让某人做某事的信号signal to_sb_to_do_sth 向某人示意做某事巩固内化补全句子when i put my finger to my lips，its a_signal for you to be quiet.当我把手指放在嘴唇上时，那是让你们安静的信号。the police signaled_the_traffic_to_move forward slowly.警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。7.carry on 继续做；坚持干her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。短语记牢记牢下列短语be/get carried away 变得很激动；失去自制力carry out 实施；执行carry through 度过难关；完成he is a man who is not likely to be carried away with pride.他不是一个因骄傲丧失理智的人。the attack is believed to have been carried out during the early morning hours.据信进攻是在清晨时发起的。巩固内化单句语法填空the opening ceremony will be carried out this afternoon at 3：00.that family has carried on this business for five generations.their hope helped those people to carry through this last difficult test.youd better think carefully and not get carried away！8.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上all the people on board were killed in the accident.船上所有的人在这次事故中都丧生了。while he was travelling in space，yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the international space station.在太空飞行期间，杨利伟与国际空间站上的两位宇航员通话。as soon as the train arrived，all the waiting people went aboard.火车一到，所有等待的人都上车了。the plane is taking off.all aboard，please.飞机就要起飞了，请大家上飞机。自主发现go/get aboard 上船(或飞机、车等)all_aboard! 请各位上船(或飞机、车等)!aboard a plane/ship/train 在飞机/船/火车上巩固内化一句多译/补全句子躲藏在船上希望来获取免费旅程的人会受到惩罚。a person who hides on_board in the hope of getting free passage will be punished.a person who hides aboard_a_ship_ in the hope of getting free passage will be punished.she gave away all her furniture when she went_abroad当她出国时，她把她的全部家具都给人了。9.this is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信进行太空探索的重要性。【句式解读】句中this is because.意为“那/这是因为”，其中because引导表语从句。(强调原因)i wont go out today.this is because i am not feeling well.今天我不出去了，因为我感觉不舒服。【用法总结】与“原因”有关的句型：(1)that/this is why.那/这是的原因(强调结果)he had seen the film before.that is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(2)the reason why.is that.的原因是the reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he got stuck in the traffic.他缺席会议的原因是他遇到交通阻塞了。,巩固内化一句多译她迟到是因为她没有赶上公共汽车。she was late.that_was_because she didnt catch the bus.she didnt catch the bus.that_was_why she was late.the_reason_why she was late was_that she didnt catch the bus.课文语法填空thanks to the ongoing effort of 1.determined (determine) scientists，the dream of traveling into space in the hope of 2.finding (find) out more about the universe has come true.however，3.exploring (explore) space is both dangerous and challenging.one of the most dangerous 4.parts (part) of space exploration is helping people escape earths gravity.if there is a mistake during the launch or return，it can lead to an accident 5.that/which kills everyone 6.on board.in spite of the huge risks，people will always continue 7.to_explore (explore) this final frontier.though starting late，china 8.has_made (make) great progress in a short time and become the third country to 9.independently (independence) send humans into space.change 4 with jade rabbit explored the surface of the far side 10.of the moon this year.根据提示完成课堂小作文2003年10月15日9时宇航员(astronaut)杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船(spacecraft)进入太空，在飞船上(on board)环绕地球飞行(orbit)14圈。在太空中度过了21小时后，于次日早晨6时23分成功返回地面；期间，传输了大量重要数据(transmit data)，使得中国成为第三个独立(independently)将人送入太空的国家。astronaut_yang_liwei_was_sent_into_space_at_9_am_on_october_15th，2003_by_chinas_shenzhou_v_spacecraft，which_orbited_the_earth_14_times_on_board.after_an_ongoing_21hour_trip，he_landed_safely_at_6：23_am_the_next_day_with_a_lot_of_data_transmitted，which_made_china_become_the_third_country_to_send_a_person_into_space_independently.单词拼写 1the physical fitness requirements for being an astronaut (宇航员) are very stiff.2the operations can be quite involved，requiring many procedures (程序)3people experience differences in physical and mental (精神的) capability depending on the time of day.4the novel vividly depicts the life of young people in the frontier (边境) region.5scientists will make a final attempt today to rescue a communications satellite (人造卫星) from its useless orbit.6the two sides have been involved in ongoing (持续进行的) political conflict.7if you keep on collecting，in time youll have a wealth of data (数据)8they have an opportunity now to really unlock the secrets of the universe (宇宙)9as we all know，the force of gravity (重力) makes things fall to earth.10she managed to escape out of the vehicle (车辆) as it burst into flames.单句语法填空1an intelligent (intelligence) computer will be an indispensable diagnostic tool for doctors.2the ceremony was_transmitted (transmit) live by satellite to over fifty countries.3we are_determined (determine) to get the work done before new years day.4the government has_launched (launch) an advertising campaign to encourage people to vote so far.5he was disappointed (disappoint) to see she wasnt at the party.6i think children should develop the habit of working and living independently (independence)7when he was_orbiting (orbit) in the capsule，he took photographs of planet earth.8alice leapt/leaped (leap) from the car and ran quickly towards the emergency room.9the sailors docked (dock) the ship and began to unload it.10she signalled (signal) a passing taxi and ordered him to take her to the museum.补全句子1steve hurried through the test，and was the first to_hand_in_his_paper史蒂夫很快完成了测验，并且第一个交上了答卷。2they were sitting by the window，talking_about_what_happene