2021版新高考英语一轮复习 Module 4 Great Scientists学案 外研版必修4

module 4 great scientists一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇在不认识的词汇前划nickname nspecies n. original adj. bestseller n.diagnose vt. victim n.brilliant adj. career n.brief adj. partly adv.physical adj. relativity n.rocket n. arrow n.straight adj. .核心词汇写其形1leading adj. 主要的2figure n. 人物3publish vt. 出版4breakthrough n. 突破5support vt. 支持6replace vt. 取代；以代替7escape vi. 逃跑；逃避8clear vi. (烟雾)消散.拓展词汇通其变1educate vt.教育education n教育educator n教育工作者；教师2agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的3produce v生产production n产量producer n生产者4export vt.出口import vt.进口(反义词)5graduate vi.毕业 n毕业生graduation n毕业6personal adj.个人的personally adv.就自己而言personality n性格；个性；人格7explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸；爆炸声1.s结尾的单复数同形名词works工厂series 系列means 方法crossroads 十字路口remains 剩余物species (生物)物种2.合成名词“v.adv.”大观园breakthrough突破breakdown 故障；破损breakup 破裂；瓦解takeaway 外卖食物warmup 热身运动 gettogether 聚会3.“经济生活”常用到export出口import 进口invest 投资bid 出价；投标distribute 分配；分布discount 打折(二)重点短语记牢用活1bring_up培养；养育2the_key_to_(doing)_sth. (做)某事的关键3._as_a_result_of 由于的结果4be_known_for 因而出名/闻名5earn_ones_living 谋生6come_to_power 掌权7bring_in 引进；带来8carry_out 实施；履行；完成(任务)1.由the key to想到的the approach to的方法the access to 的通道the answer to 的答案the notes to 的注释the entrance to 的入口2.carry相关短语多棱镜carry out 实施；履行；完成(任务)carry on 继续；维持carry through 贯彻到底；成功完成carry away 拿走；运走carry back 带回；使回想起3.“be knownprep.”短语小结be known for因而出名/闻名be known as 作为而出名be known to 为熟知be known by 被所知 (三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：keep宾语宾语补足语the tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction. 这些管子被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。句型2：现在分词短语作结果状语or was he carried miles into space, becoming_the_worlds_first_astronaut？或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为世界上第一个宇航员？二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式a根据汉语提示写出下列单词1surgeons have made a great breakthrough(突破) in the kidney transplant.2to improve the quality(质量) of our products, we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products. 3most of the flood victims(受害者) had to leave all their things behind.4we have to deal with the emotional and physical(身体的) problems that go along with obesity.5tell the story briefly(简短地) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.b根据所给单词写出适当形式6his first novel published(publish) last year is popular with many young readers.7just then a whitehaired old woman entered, supported(support) by a girl of ten years old.8we had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(clear) at last.9confucius was one of the great figures(figure) in the history of china.10the house i grew up in has been taken down and_replaced(replace) by an office building.语境品词写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1(2019江苏卷) the bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.支撑2(2019全国卷)a lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.解脱；消遣.选词成篇bring up; experiment with; bring in; as a result of; earn ones livingwang gang was born and 1.brought_up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly 2.earned_their_living by farming. 3.as_a_result_of lacking advanced farming technique, they lived a hard life. after new farming technique was 4.brought_in,_their life was getting better and better.the key to; carry out; be known for; be diagnosed with; come to/into powermrs.green 5.was_diagnosed_with breast cancer, and went to a doctor who 6.was_known_for treating cancers. the doctor 7.carried_out a series of treatments on her, and told her that 8.the_key_to recovering rapidly is to have a relaxed mind. following the doctors advice, she gradually picked up.完成语段it is reported that the newlybuilt bridge will be put into use soon. hopefully, it can 1.keep_the_traffic_flowing_smoothly(保持交通畅通). many people become interested in the bridge, 2.making_it_a_hot_topic(使它成为一个热点话题) supportvt.支持；支撑；维持；供养nu支持；拥护；供养基础练习单句语法填空(2018天津卷)supported(support) by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition. a.what moves me is that my parents always support me in what i want to do.bwhenever i disagree with my brother, my father comes to my support.能力提升完成句子科学家必须提出论据以支持其理论。a scientist must produce evidence in_support_of his theory.在朋友的支持下，他找到了一份新工作。这份工作使他能够挣更多的钱来养活他的家人。with_his_friends_support,_he found a new job, one where he could get more money to support_his_family (1)support sb.in sth.在某方面支持某人(2)come to ones support 来支持某人in support of. 支持 佳句背诵 tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion unless he wants their support. 汤姆如此独立以至于他从来都不问父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。(2019天津卷)词块助记support a family养家糊口support oneself 自力更生technical support 技术支持 quantityn量；数量基础练习单句语法填空a.with more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed(wash) away now.bwith more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is_being_washed(wash) away now.we can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)before the exam, i spent a lot of time in preparing for it. otherwise, i wouldnt have succeeded in passing the exam.(高级表达)before the exam, i spent a_large_quantity_of/a_great_deal_of time in preparing for it. otherwise, i wouldnt have succeeded in passing the exam.a large/small quantity of大量/少量的large quantities of 大量的；许多的in quantity 大量地 佳句背诵 experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.专家说，表扬的质量比数量更重要。(2019浙江卷6月)名师点津 (1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。(2)“a quantity of名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 escapev逃跑；逃脱；逃避；被忘记n逃跑；解脱，消遣基础练习单句语法填空whoever breaks the law wont escape punishment/being_punished(punish)he ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesnt dare to try it again. 能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)the woman managed_to_escape_from_the_fire(成功逃出火场) with her baby. she was extremely terrified and exhausted.(高级表达)the woman managed_to_escape_from_the_fire_with_her_baby,_extremely_terrified_and_exhausted. (形容词作状语) (1)escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事escape from/out of. 从逃跑，逃走(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生 佳句背诵 with the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters.非常幸运，他设法从快速上涨的洪水中逃脱。词块助记 escape ones attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视a fire escape 安全门 clearvt.使清楚；扫清vi.变清澈；(天)变晴；(烟雾)消散adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；畅通的基础练习单句语法填空(福建卷)mrs.smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. a.(江苏卷)it was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. bhe didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.能力提升完成句子显然，手机在青少年中变得流行并且改变了他们的生活方式。it_is_clear_that_mobile_phones_have_become_popular_among_teenagers_and_changed_their_way_of_life. (1) clear up整理，收拾；消除(误会等)；(天)放晴(2)make.clear 清楚表明，讲清楚it is clear that. 显然 佳句背诵 when you finish your dinner, please clear the table.吃完晚饭后，请你将餐桌收拾一下。词块助记keep a clear head/mind保持清醒的头脑have a clear purpose/goal 有明确的目标clear up a difficulty/misunderstanding 解决困难/消除误会 come to/into power开始执政，掌权，上台基础练习单句语法填空a.after the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve peoples life.bthe government has been in power for twenty years, and is still going strong.cnot that i dont want to help you, but that its beyond my power to do so.(2019江苏卷) we assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. it seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power) animal on earth. 能力提升词汇升级/句式升级(普通表达)ill try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. (2018浙江卷6月)(高级表达) ill do_all/everything_in_my_power to perform well in the volunteer job. (高级表达) ill do_what_i_can to perform well in the volunteer job. (what引导宾语从句) (1)in power当权in/within ones power 有能力；力所能及beyond ones power 某人力所不能及的do everything in ones power (to do) 尽力而为；竭尽全力(2)powerful adj. 强大的；权力大的 佳句背诵 he came to/into power when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 60 years so far. 他25岁时开始上台执政，到现在已经执政60年了。名师点津“come into名词”构成的短语还有：come into being形成，产生come into existence 开始存在，产生come into effect/force 生效come into use 开始使用come into sight/view 看见；进入视野keep宾语宾语补足语(教材原句)the tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些管子被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。基础练习单句语法填空a.(浙江卷)a good listener takes part in the conversation，offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing(flow)bit is necessary that we keep the young generation informed(inform) of the current affairs.a.(广东卷)in other words, we should keep the earth healthy(health) while using its supply of natural resources.bhe kept his eyes closed(close) and stayed where he was. 能力提升完成句子(北京卷)为了更方便联系我们，你最好把这张名片放在手边。to make it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep_this_card_at_hand “keep宾语宾语补足语”结构，这里keep为使役动词，意为“使继续处于某种状态”。(1)keep宾语形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(2)keep宾语现在分词 (3)keep宾语过去分词 佳句背诵 new technology has been brought in since newelected mayor came into power and carried out the new policy, keeping the city developing rapidly. 自从新当选的市长上台执政并实行新政策以来，新技术得以引进， 使得该市迅速发展。 名师点津 在“keep宾语宾语补足语”结构中，现在分词与宾语之间为主谓关系，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1(江苏卷)it is everybodys duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going(go) on the right track.2large quantities of money have_been_spent(spend) in bringing up the three children since they were born.3the boy managed to escape from the burning house, but he couldnt escape being_punished/punishment(punish) because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.4though earning(earn) his living by selling fruit, the old man contributed much money to help the people hit by the disaster.5after the earthquake, the electricity supply failed, making(make) the cooling system break down.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1his success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.2hangzhou, known for the west lake, attracts many visitors every year.3the museum has been completed，but the government hasnt made it clear when it will be open to the public.4how do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?the key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made by the customers.5. the artists had little faith in the political leader who came to power after the war.维度三派生词练习1this factory produces computers. its producer is optimistic about the production and sale. (produce)2the government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. in a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of china. (educate)3after graduation,_he is one of the graduates who have just graduated this year and have found a good job in beijing.(graduate)4two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)维度四易错混用1政府应该采取有效措施来保持交通的平稳运行。(keep宾语宾语补足语)the government should take effective measures to keep_the_traffic_running smoothly.2more highways have been built in china, which makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.more highways have been built in china, making_it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.3the new mayor is said to come into power next month.it_is_said_that the new mayor will come into power next month.4大量的水被污染了，因此湖泊闻起来很难闻。large_quantities_of_water_have_been_polluted,_so the lake smells terrible. (quantities)a_large_quantity_of_water_has_been_polluted,_so the lake smells terrible. (quantity)提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)yuan longpingit is clear that in the past, many people couldnt escape 1.suffering(suffer) from hunger. a lot of them even 2.earned(earn) their living by begging. so yuan longping dreamed of developing a new species 3.to_increase (increase) rice production to feed more people. after 4.graduating(graduate) from university, he devoted 5.himself(he) to the research. as 6.a result of his years efforts, he made a great breakthrough 7.anddeveloped hybrid rice. many other countries brought in large 8.quantities(quantity) of hybrid rice. yuan longping took up his post in qingdao sea rice research and development center in 2017 and kept sea rice research project 9.making(make) great progress. 10.in brief, yuan longping lives up to the “father of hybrid rice”， and thus has been awarded the life science prize.提能二话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假定你是李华，应你校校报英文版编辑邀请写一篇介绍亚历山大弗莱明的短文。写作要点如下：简要介绍人物；介绍人物的贡献；对人物进行评价。1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)亚历山大弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。alexander fleming was born in scotland and was_brought_up by his mother and his elder brother. 在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院接受教育。supported_by_them,_he got_educated in a medical school in london. 1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。in 1906, he graduated_from the school as a top student. 他对医学做出了巨大的贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。he made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that earned_him_a_lasting_reputation因为这个成就他闻名于世，并获得诺贝尔奖。he was_known_for_that_achievement,_and for it he received a nobel prize.很显然，弗莱明是历史上才华横溢的科学家之一。it_is_clear_that fleming is one_of_the_brilliant_scientists in history. 2升级平淡句用过去分词作状语升级句born_in_scotland,_alexander_fleming_was_brought_up_by_his_mother_and_his_elder_brother.用“介词which”非限制性定语从句升级句he_was_known_for_that_achievement,_for_which_he_received_a_nobel_prize.3衔接成美文_one possible version：born in scotland, alexander fleming was brought up by his mother and his elder brother. supported by them, he got educated in a medical school in london. in 1906, he graduated from the school as a top student. he made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation. he was known for that achievement, for which he received a nobel prize.it is clear that fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history. (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解a(2020沈阳高三质检)looking back on my childhood, i am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. unlike them, i had no ear for music and languages. i was not an early reader and i could not do mental maths.i have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. nor do i recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. but i do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.i am a naturalist, not a scientist. i have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. i love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. this has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.but curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality i lack. a scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. a scientist, up to a point, can be made. a naturalist is born. if you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。1what impressed the author deeply during his childhood?awildlife.bmusic.clanguages.dliterature.a解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“but i do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选a。2why cant the author remember his relatives clearly?ahe didnt live with them for long.bthe family was extremely large.che was fully occupied with observing nature.dhe was too young when he lived with them.c解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“but i do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“i have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选c。3according to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?abeing knowledgeable.bbeing selfdiscipline.cbeing full of ambition.dbeing full of enthusiasm.d解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“i am a naturalist, not a scientist. i have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选d。4why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?ahe thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.bhe thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.che thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.dhe thinks he just reads about other