2021版新高考英语一轮复习 Module 4 Great Scientists课后达标检测 外研版必修4

module 4 great scientists (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解a(2020沈阳高三质检)looking back on my childhood, i am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. unlike them, i had no ear for music and languages. i was not an early reader and i could not do mental maths.i have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. nor do i recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. but i do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.i am a naturalist, not a scientist. i have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. i love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. this has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.but curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality i lack. a scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. a scientist, up to a point, can be made. a naturalist is born. if you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。1what impressed the author deeply during his childhood?awildlife.bmusic.clanguages.dliterature.a解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“but i do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选a。2why cant the author remember his relatives clearly?ahe didnt live with them for long.bthe family was extremely large.che was fully occupied with observing nature.dhe was too young when he lived with them.c解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“but i do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“i have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选c。3according to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?abeing knowledgeable.bbeing selfdiscipline.cbeing full of ambition.dbeing full of enthusiasm.d解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“i am a naturalist, not a scientist. i have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选d。4why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?ahe thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.bhe thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.che thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.dhe thinks he just reads about other peoples observations.a解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“but curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality i lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的某种必备的素质，故选a。b(2020合肥第二次质检)in todays society, language plays a key role in defining gender(性别) by vocabulary, and also the nonverbal(非语言的) vocabulary. each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. it has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men. this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. in one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteenminute average it took men to describe it.men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. mens body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. men avoid other peoples body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. all of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral. after learning about our styles of communicating with each other, i have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”？ the little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. the question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex, “i wonder if theres something there？” would no longer exist.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同的现象。5what does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?athe differences between mens and womens languages.bthe different speed of mens and womens speech.cthe ability of mens and womens spoken language.dthe nonverbal vocabulary of men and women.b解析：代词指代题。由this承接第二段中的“it has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men.”可知，此处的this指代女性比男性说话快的现象，故选b。6in what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph?aspeed of understanding.bunderstanding of speech roles.cpoliteness of communication.dapplication of body language.d解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容，尤其是该段第二句“mens body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women.”可推知，本段主要讲的是男性和女性在非语言表达方式上的不同，即肢体语言使用上的差异，故选d。7what is the authors attitude to the differences between mens and womens communication?acautious.bfavorable.cambiguous.dskeptical.b解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“after learning about our styles of communicating with each other, i have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same language？ the little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost.”可推知，作者对男性和女性在沟通的差异性上持赞成态度，故选b。cautious“谨慎的”；favorable“赞成的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。8what is the best title for the text?awomen, born excellent talkersbmens and womens social rolescvocabulary and communicationdopposite gender, different languaged解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段的话题导入，并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同，故选d。.七选五(2020武汉调研)one of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 1._， but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally.2_. open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what youre saying is important and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. however, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying.openness or honesty. 3._， they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didnt do it.nervousness. if a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 4._， and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body.feeling defensive. arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. it is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. people also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 5._！asaying something importantbwhen people want to be open or honestchand and arm gestures are sometimes intentionaldbut this gesture can simply mean that the person is coldeplaying with your fingers, like tapping the table, also shows anxietyfthis gesture is typical of lawyers, accountants, and other professionalsgwhen someone puts up his both hands, he probably gives in to his enemies【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了肢体语言的各种含义，如说明你在讲重要的事；表示开放和诚实的心态；表示紧张和防御心理等。1c解析：根据该句中的“but”可知，空处与下文“手和手臂大部分时候会自然、无意识地移动”形成转折关系，c项中的“intentional”与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally”相对，故c项正确。2a解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题；结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what youre saying is important” “stresses a personal point”可知，该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性”，故a项正确。3b解析：根据空前的“openness or honesty.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第二种含义：表示开放或诚实(的心态)，结合选项中对应的“to be open or honest”可知， b项正确。4e解析：根据该段主题句“nervousness.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第三种含义：紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body”可知，空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式，故e项正确。5d解析：根据该段第二句“arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself.”可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势，表明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前仅仅说明你很寒冷，故d项正确。.语法填空(2020昆明质检)hotel guests in china might no 1._(long) have to worry about waiting in line to check in. at the alibabas futuristic(未来派的) hotels, guests can scan their ids, take a photo and input personal details using a machine to check 2._(they) in. the smart equipment will then provide a room key card after the information 3._(check). the process will take less than a minute, according to the company. targeting only chinese customers for now, the new service will be 4._(gradual) expanded globally. the rapid growth of mobile usage and mobile payment adoption can show 5._ convenient peoples life is becoming in china.alibaba isnt the only company 6._ introduces hightech hotels. smart lyz, a shenzhenbased company which focused 7._developing ai technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated(自动化的) hotel in chengdu, sichuan, back in january. 8._(travel) can book a room through smart lyzs wechat website, check