2021版新高考英语一轮复习 Unit 22 Environmental Protection练习 北师大版

unit 22 environmental protection课时练12篇阅读1篇七选五1篇完形.阅读理解a(2020山西六校测试)world environment day is celebrated annually on june 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.the very first world environment day took place in 1974, established by the united nations general assembly on the first day of the stockholm conference on the human environment that took place in 1972.each year the united nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.the 2018 world environment day was hosted by india, and the theme was beat plastic pollution. it urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. even though the united nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate world environment day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.world environment day is not a public holiday, so you wont be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? world environment day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. you could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。1why is world environment day set up?ato make people know more about nature.bto ask people to help to protect the globe.cto warn people of the danger of air pollution.dto encourage people to plan the earths future.b解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选b。2what do people do on world environment day?adecide a host city.bhold a theme party.cdiscuss environmental ideas.dshow some plastic products.c解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选c。3which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in paragraph 3?ahighcost.bpoorquality.csecondhand. dsingleuse.d解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“beat plastic pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“it urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选d。4whats the main idea of the last paragraph?aevery bit of effort counts.bdoing is better than saying.cmany hands make light work.dnothing is impossible to a willing heart.a解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(every bit of effort counts.)，故选a。doing is better than saying.“行胜于言。”；many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”b(2020湖北武昌区调研)historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. this includes the stone age, the bronze age, and the iron age. but what age are we in now? that question can be answered with one word for some researchers: plastics.“plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. it will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)” thats according to john marston, an archaeologist.the wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it werent for human action. about six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. they have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the earths makeup. most plastics dont easily degrade. this only adds to the problem. recycling isnt an adequate solution. not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. and there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.according to debra winter, writer for the atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. they are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. the problem has reached the point where its possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the worlds oceans than fishes.“plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so its safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” winter writes.the damage may already be done. it may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. so the plastic age might soon take its place next to the bronze age and the iron age in the history of human civilization.【解题导语】在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。5why do people call our age the plastic age?abecause plastics are not naturally made.bbecause humans create plastics.cbecause plastics influence the world greatly.dbecause historians and archaeologists think so.c解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是通过对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故c项正确。6according to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?athey are recycled.bthey are degraded.cthey are thrown away.dthey are made into bottles.c解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，每年数百万吨的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故c项正确。7what is the authors attitude to the plastic age?anegative. bambiguous.cfavorable. dunconcerned.a解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，世界各地的人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故a项正确。8what is the main idea of this passage?aplastics have ruined our environment.bwe must stop using plastics altogether.chuman beings are in the plastic age.dplastics are significant to human development.c解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可推知，c项最符合文意。.七选五(2020辽宁五校模拟)how to overcome depressionsuffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month. depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily life. to overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what youre feeling are the symptoms of depression. 1._ while medications can help relieve these symptoms, it is still important for depressed people to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for coping with it.keep yourself busy. fill your schedule with events and activities you love. keeping a busy schedule will force you to stay active, focused, and thinking about the next thing on your list. you can draw up a schedule for each day at the start of the week, or simply plan out each day the night before. 2._improve your diet. 3._ even if youre losing your appetite, you need to be determined to eat three meals a day. you dont need to try to lose weight or be incredibly health conscious when youre dealing with your depression, but eating healthier food regularly will improve your mental and physical state.think positively. being a more positive thinker will help you look at your life and world in a way that fills you with hope instead of despair. to think more positively, you should learn how to recognize your negative thoughts and to fight them with stronger positive thoughts whenever you can. for a jumpstart, find at least five things to be grateful for. 4._5_ neglecting personal hygiene(卫生) is a common side effect of depression. while you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself. shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.acontrol your emotions.bimprove your appearance.cmost importantly, be happy about every single day.dwhichever method you choose, make a goal of sticking to it.ehowever, not everyone knows depression has a positive side.feating a healthy, balanced diet can also help you beat depression.gif you are feeling sad, lonely, or worthless, you may be suffering from depression.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种克服抑郁症的方法。1g解析：根据空处前后句可知，空处应是对抑郁症症状的列举。故g项符合语境。2d解析：根据空处前一句中的“draw up a schedule for each day” 及“or simply plan out each day the night before”可知，选项d中的“whichever method you choose”与之呼应，即我们无论用什么方法，都要制定一个目标坚持下去。故d项符合语境。3f解析：根据空前的improve your diet.并结合下文中的“three meals a day” 及“but eating healthier food regularly”可知，该段是围绕“diet”一词展开的，选项f中的“a healthy, balanced diet”与之呼应。故f项符合语境。4c解析：结合段落主题句think positively.可知，该段主要是说要积极地思考，并根据空前一句可知c项“最重要的是每天都要开心”符合语境。5b解析：根据空处的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。根据该段中的“your looks”与“your appearance”及“shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.”可知，该段都是围绕“appearance”展开的，故b项符合语境。.完形填空(2020合肥高三联考)every year, the fifth graders at brookstone elementary school went on a field trip to washington, dc. terence _1_ the exciting trip, and was _2_ to go the next year.terence asked his parents _3_ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. his parents _4_. he had almost a year to earn $150. his first _5_ was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter _6_ that “he would babysit during his neighbors _7_”. he named a few afternoons available and said he would _8_ $1 per hour per child. after five babysitting _9_， he earned $45.when the _10_ weather arrived, terence knocked on his neighbors doors to ask if they needed help with _11_ work. he helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. after the summer was over, he earned $75. when the fall arrived, he counted his money and _12_ that he still needed $30 for his trip. soon his mom saw a(n) _13_ for a job for him. he got a job _14_ newspapers every wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 _15_ each wednesday. it wasnt long before he had _16_ money to go on the trip to washington, dc. he was _17_ in time. the class trip was on october 15. his mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _18_ him. what a great feeling! he helped _19_ the cost of his trip.this experience _20_ terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。小学生terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。1a.prepared for blaid outcreferred to dheard aboutd解析：根据第一句可知，每年terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，terence应该是听说了(heard about)这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望(dying)来年也去。2a.dying bgratefulclucky dprouda3a.curiously bcasuallycanxiously dbrieflyc解析：根据上文可知，terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他一半的旅行费用。c项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故c项正确。4a.submitted bagreedcbargained drefusedb解析：根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“his mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _ him.”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。5a.idea bjobcconclusion dsuggestiona解析：根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打印了一封信，信上说(saying)邻居不在(absence)时他可以帮他们照看孩子。6a.declaring bconfirmingcshowing dsayingd7a.stay bcompanycinteraction dabsenced8a.pay bspendccharge ddonatec解析：根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。c项意为“收费，开价”，故c项正确。9a.negotiations bsessionscattempts dinterviewsb解析：根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。b项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故b项正确。10a.warm bfinecunusual dchangeablea解析：根据下文“he helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。11a.yard bpapercschool dvolunteera12a.admitted bdeterminedccomplained dinsistedb解析：根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。13a.directory bpermitcadvertisement demailc解析：根据下文中他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。a项意为“名录，电话簿”；b项意为“许可证”。14a.editing bupdatingcprinting ddeliveringd解析：根据该句中的“newspapers every wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送(delivering)报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元。15a.at once bon timecafter all din totald16a.extra bmuchcenough deasyc解析：根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。17a.just bevencever dstilla解析：根据下文“the class trip was on october 15.”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。a项意为“正好”，故a项正确。18a.owed blentcpromised dorderedc解析：根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。c项意为“承诺”，故c项正确。19a.count bcovercestimate dreduceb解析：根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。b项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故b项正确。20a.astonished bshapedcexcited dimpressedb解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空.阅读理解a(2020佛山高三联考)when she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, fawn sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the olympic mountains to survey the mount anderson glacier. but the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasnt there anymore.loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. and that gave jennifer wren atkinson, a fulltime lecturer at the university of washington bothell, us, an idea for a class.this term, she taught students on the bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. she used the experiences of native american tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat “this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”student cody dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者). then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.dillon wasnt going into environmental workhe was a computerscience major. yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a fulltime volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.six months into the work, he decided that atkinsons class was just what he was looking fora place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.“we are already changing the planetso many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted，” she said. “the future isnt going to be what they imagined.”【解题导语】fawn sharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化的严重性，同时jennifer wren atkinson给学生开设了课程，教学生如何面对气候变化，她的课程让很多学生关注环境问题。1why did the author mention the case of fawn sharp?ato lay a basis for fawn sharps further research.bto prove fawn sharps work is similar to atkinsons.cto lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.dto show scientists concern about the mount anderson glacier.c解析：推理判断题。通读第一段可知，fawn sharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及fawn sharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题，故选c。2whats the main purpose of atkinsons class?ato explore how different people deal with climate change.bto get students more concerned about the environmental issue.cto find solutions to the environmental issue of olympic mountains.dto teach students how to conduct research about environment.b解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she taught students.the emotional burdens of environmental studies.and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fixthat this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”可知，她给学生讲环境研究的情感压力，她让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实这是“一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它。”由此可知，atkinson的课程目的是让学生们更加关注环境问题，故选b。3which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in paragraph 3?asimple.bdifficult.ccommon. dinteresting.b解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知，atkinson用美洲土著部落、科学家以及积极分子们的经历让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实，并结合该句“this is such an intractable problem that theyre going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知，这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它，故选b。4how did atkinsons class influence dillon?ait made him work as a parttime volunteer for restoration projects.bit made him realize a planetwide climate disaster would happen.cit encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.dit discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.c解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“six months into the work.discuss his concerns about a