2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes学案 新人教版必修1

unit 4 earthquakes一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1earthquake n地震2quake n. 震动；地震3crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂4smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的5farmyard n. 农场；农家6pipe n. 管；导管7event n. 事件；大事8dam n. 水坝；堰堤9canal n. 运河；水道10steam n. 蒸汽；水汽11survivor n. 幸存者；生还者； 残存物12brick n. 砖；砖块13track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹14shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处； 避身处15title n. 标题；头衔；资格16bar n. 条；棒；条状物17reporter n. 记者18outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓19headline n. 报刊的大字标题20well n. 井21cyclist n. 骑自行车的人.核心词汇写其形1burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2million n. 百万3rescue n& vt. 援救；营救4bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏5destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭6damage n& vt. 损失；损害7ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产8trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境9electricity n. 电；电流；电学10sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地11disaster n. 灾难；灾祸.拓展词汇通其变1nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的nationality n国籍2shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的3injure vt.伤害；损害injury n损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的4express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n表达；表情5frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的6congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词7use n& vt.用useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful adj.有用的8extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极度地9judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n看法，意见；判断力；审判，判决10dirt n污垢；泥土dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的11mine n矿；矿山；矿井miner n矿工1.聚焦ing/ed结尾的形容词2.“真诚；诚实”家族sincere adj.真诚的sincerely adv. 真诚地genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地hearty adj. 亲切的；真诚的； 热诚的honest adj. 诚实的；正直的honesty n. 诚实；正直；坦诚3.“aaa”式不规则动词变化burstburstburst爆裂；爆发costcostcost 花费putputput 放下hurthurthurt 伤害shutshutshut 关闭hithithit 打cutcutcut 砍，切forecastforecastforecast 预报(二)重点短语记牢用活1right_away立刻；马上2think_little/nothing_of 认为没什么了不起3at_an_end 结束；终结4in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5dig_out 掘出；发现6a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的7be_proud_of_ 为自豪8judging_from 从判断9be_trapped_in 陷入10be_buried_in 埋头于1.“thinkadv.of”短语荟萃think little of认为没什么了不起think highly of 重视；看得起think well of 重视 think poorly of 轻视think badly of 认为不好2.“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达be lost in be buried inbe occupied in be absorbed inbe devoted to apply oneself to3.表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃right awayright nowat oncein no timeimmediatelyinstantly(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：too.to.太而不能，表示否定意义in the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat.在农家大院里， 鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。句型2：it seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if.(对某人来说)似乎/好像it_seemed_as_if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！句型3：everywhere引导让步状语从句everywhere_they_looked nearly everything was destroyed.无论他们往哪里看， 几乎一切都被毁了。句型4：all.notnot all.表示部分否定all_hope_was_not_lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1his house was destroyed(破坏) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.2after learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue(营救) team to look for them.3too much drinking will do damage(伤害) to your health. you should take the doctors advice.4this is one of the worst natural disasters(disaster) ever to hit the area.5(2019北京卷)they are_extremely(extreme) important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.6(2018北京卷)a rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.语境品词写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1(2019浙江卷6月阅读a)zachariah fike has an unusual hobby.he finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the internet.but unlike most collectors，zac tracks down the medals rightful owners, and returns them.跟踪2(2019江苏卷阅读b)these are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.裂缝3(2019北京卷阅读b)it all began when moore visited a bank with her dad. on the outing, she was offered a candy bar.糖果4(2017北京卷完形)she couldnt understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.避身处.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1after seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark. (frighten)2the headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)3judging from his looks, he must be an honest man. on the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)4we were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)5rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injuries were not serious, not life threatening.(injure)6britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose. many people dream of having british nationality(nation).选词成篇a number of; think highly of; be buried in; be proud of; judge fromtom came up with a good idea for an invention after he had 1.been_buried_in his research for years. this invention was a shock to the world and it was 2.highly_thought_of by many famous scientists. 3.judging_from recent surveys, his invention would greatly benefit the disabled. many people wrote him letters conveying congratulations on his success. he also received 4.a_number_of_invitations to international conferences. his family and friends 5.were_proud_of him.完成句子1(全国卷)我不能和你一起去书店，因为我身体太虚弱了以至于无法走出卧室。the reason why i cant go to the bookstore with you is that im too_weak_to_walk_out_of my bedroom.2一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。a young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as_if_they_were_the_only_people_in_the_world3无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。everywhere_he_went,_he received a warm welcome.4在我们学校并非所有的学生都在课余时间进行体育锻炼。all the students in our school dont_take_physical_exercise in their spare time. burstvi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发基础练习单句语法填空i was teaching foreigners to learn beijing opera when a group of pupils burst_inhe burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.能力提升完成句子/句式升级看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。(普通表达)when she saw her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears. (高级表达)seeing_her_classmates_burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying(burst out；分词作状语) (1)突然哭起来/笑起来(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒(4)a burst of 一阵佳句背诵 when the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。名师点津 (1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。 ruinnu毁灭；毁坏；常用复数废墟vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟基础练习单句语法填空(北京卷)when they returned to rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)he returned home several years later, only to be told the whole supermarket had_been_ruined(ruin) in a great fire.能力提升一句多译他犯了个错误， 这让他失去了出国的机会。he made a mistake, which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定语从句)he made a mistake, ruining_the_chance of going abroad.(分词作状语) (1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉佳句背诵 a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins.许多高楼在三年前除了废墟什么也没有的地方拔地而起。 injurevt.损害；伤害基础练习单句语法填空(2018北京卷)by mile 17, i became out of breath and the once injured(injure) ankle hurt badly.(2018北京卷)a month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was_injured(injure)a terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured(injure) to the hospital.能力提升完成句子我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。with_my_left_foot_seriously_injured,_i cant go with you as planned. (1)injured adj. 受伤的get injured 受伤the injured 伤员(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人佳句背诵 i was wearing a seatbelt. if i hadnt been wearing one, i would have been injured.我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。 buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入基础练习单句语法填空(2017天津卷书面表达)though buried(bury) in books these days, i have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.he sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.能力提升完成句子/句式升级他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。(普通表达)because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books, he didnt know it was raining outside.(高级表达)burying_himself_in_his_books,_he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)(高级表达)buried_in_his_books,_he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作状语) (1)埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面佳句背诵 she sat on the ground, buried in thought.她坐在地上，陷入沉思。联想发散 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to；be lost in；be engaged in；be absorbed in；focus/concentrate on judgevt.断定；判断；判决n裁判员；法官基础练习单句语法填空(2018江苏卷)the economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)we can judge the age by the growth ring of the tree, and it must have lived for many years.judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we dont judge a man by/from his looks.能力提升完成句子我认为，他们让一些学生带手机是错误的。as_far_as_i_can_judge,_it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones. (1)judge.from/by.从来判断as far as i can judge 据我判断，我认为(2)judging by/from. 根据判断(3)judgement n. 看法；判断力；判决佳句背诵 im writing to invite you to be a judge at our english speech contest to be held in our school on june 15.我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。名师点津 judging from/by表示“从来看”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。 at an end结束；终结基础练习单句语法填空the meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.at first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)go straight and you will find the hospital at the end of the road.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)the speech contest finished. thankfully, i ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.(高级表达)the speech contest was_at_an_end. thankfully, i ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in_the_end (1)at the end of.在尽头，在末端by the end of. 到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于(2)come to an end 结束put an end to sth. 结束；终结make (both) ends meet使收支相抵(3)end up with 以结束end up doing sth. 以做某事结束佳句背诵 when the journey was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。 a (great) number of许多；大量的基础练习单句语法填空as china develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are_learning(learn) chinese as a second language.in china, the number of cities is_increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world.a great deal of money was_donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.with more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.能力提升完成句子我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。ive heard that our school library is planning to_buy_a_number_of_new_books,_so i am writing to recommend some books. (1)可数名词复数(2)不可数名词(3)佳句背诵 in addition, there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。(2017全国卷书面表达) too.to.太而不能，表示否定意义(教材p26) in the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。基础练习单句语法填空little john is too young to_take(take) up the difficult job.he was too eager to know the result of his examination.you cant be too careful when you do your homework.能力提升完成句子这辆自行车似乎太重了，很难控制。更糟糕的是，我从自行车上摔下来很多次。the bike seemed too_heavy_and_difficult_to_control. worse still, i took many falls off the bike. (1)tooadj./adv.(for sb.) to do sth.表示否定的意义，意为“太而不能”。(2)当too.to.用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。(3)cant/can never.too.再怎么也不过分。 佳句背诵 in my view, the problem is too difficult for her to solve.依我看来，问题对她来说太难解决了。 it seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if.(对某人来说)似乎/好像(教材p26)it seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！基础练习单句语法填空the kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.when he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he had_been_scolded(scold) by someone else.he opened his mouth as if to_say(say) something.the tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt) badly.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)she stood there as if she was waiting for someone.(高级表达)she stood there as_if_waiting for someone.(省略) (1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反：did/were与过去事实相反：had done与将来事实相反：would/could.do(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。 佳句背诵 look at the dark clouds in the sky! it seems as if it is going to rain.lets hurry up.看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。 all.notnot all.表示部分否定(教材p26)all hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。基础练习单句语法填空/完成句子(2018浙江卷6月读后续写)dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing_seemed better than that.he told me all pieces of the news, but none_of_them_was_exciting(没有一个是有趣的)our english teacher is excellent，but she cant_help_everyone(不能帮助每一个人) in the class in 50 minutes.能力提升一句多译事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得很重要。the truth is that not_everyone_is_attaching_great_importance_to time management.the truth is that everyone_is_not_attaching_great_importance_to time management.,all.not.not all.，意为 “并非所有的都”，表示部分否定。 (1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。 佳句背诵 its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2018北京卷书面表达)their expressions(express)suggested they had affection for chinese tea culture.2my father is extremely(extreme) proud that i followed in his footsteps and became a doctor.3we offered our sincere congratulations(congratulate) to her when she finally graduated from college.4a large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings.5when trapped(trap) in the forest, stay where you are, waiting for the rescue.6(2018全国卷)studies found that people who woke(wake) up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1on seeing the chinese volleyball team appeared on the stage, the audience burst out cheering(cheer)2when the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move.3school started, but i felt more nervous as if i were(be) in a foreign country now.4jim entered the competition without much hope，not thinking he would end up with the first prize.5san francisco lay in ruins even though rescuers managed to dig out a great number of survivors.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1judged by the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.judgedjudging2the earthquake did damage for the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.forto3to our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been carried to the nearby hospital.hashave4they were extreme sad at the thought of their missing son.extremeextremely5in the earthquake, about two millions people lost their homes and thousands of houses fell into lionsmillion.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的含义)1(2017全国卷阅读b)we were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.深入研究2(2017全国卷语法填空)having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. however, be careful not to go to extremes.走极端3(浙江卷)suddenly another thought went through kates mind like an electric shock.电击提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)(一)because of the destruction of the natural habitat in this area, wild animals are in great danger. to avoid any serious 1.injures(injure) to wildlife, a nature reserve was built last month. our local government received many letters of 2.congratulations(congratulate) from all walks of life. many people and organizations donated money as a(n) 3.expression(express) of appreciation and support. according to a(n) 4.judgement(judge) made by some experts, this reserve would have a(n) 5.extremely(extreme) positive effect on the local ecosystem. our government is determined to protect wild animals from being endangered.(二)the typhoon caused the worst destruction in the south of china, killing 15 people and 1.injuring(injure) a great number of people. whats more, a village 2.was_buried(bury) beneath the mud of a landslide though the villagers had been warned that their village would be at risk of 3.being_ruined(ruin). helicopters were finally sent to the 4.destroyed(destroy) areas because many people needed 5.to_be_rescued(rescue) right away.提能二话题写作