2021版高考英语大一轮复习 核心素养测评二十六 Unit 3 The world of colours and light 牛津译林版选修8

核心素养测评二十六 unit 3the world of colours and light (限时35分钟). 阅读理解aoh, the places youll go! when it comes to habitat, human beings are creatures of habit. it has been known for a long time that, whether his habitat is a village, a city or, for real globe-trotters(周游世界者), the planet itself, an individual person generally visits the same places regularly. the details, though, have been surprisingly obscure. now, thanks to an analysis of data collected from 40, 000 smartphone users around the world, a new feature of humanitys locomotive(移动的) habits has been revealed. it turns out that someones “location capacity”, the number of places which he or she visits regularly, remains constant(不变的) over periods of months and years. what constitutes a “place” depends on what distance between two places makes them separate. but analyzing movement patterns helps illuminate the distinction and the researchers found that the average location capacity was 25. if a new location does make its way into the set of places an individual tends to visit, an old one drops out in response. people do not, in other words, gather places like cards. rather, they cycle through them. their geographical behavior is limited and predictable(可预见的), not fancy-free. the study demonstrating this, just published in nature human behavior, does not offer any explanation for the limited location capacity it measures. but a statistical analysis carried out by the authors shows that it cannot be explained solely by constraints of time. some other factor is at work. one of the researchers draws an analogy. he suggests that peoples cognitive capacity limits the number of places they can visit routinely, just as it limits the number of other people an individual can routinely socialize with. that socialization figure, about 150 for most people, is known as the dunbar number, after its discoverer, robin dunbar. lehmann says his group is now in search of similar data from other primates(灵长目动物), in an attempt to work out where human patterns of mobility have their roots. for those, though, they will have to rely on old-fashioned methods of zoological observationunless they can work out a way to get chimpanzees to carry smartphones. 【文章大意】衣服很多, 常穿的就那么几套; 朋友很多, 经常联系的就那么几个; 世界那么大, 常去的地方也就那么几个1. the underlined word“obscure” can be replaced by _. a. clearb. little knownc. accurated. long forgotten【解析】选b。 词义猜测题。根据后文“关于人类移动行为习惯的某些特征, 有了新发现”可知, 之前人们对这方面是了解很少的, 因此选b。2. how many places do people regularly visit? a. it is still unknown. b. 40, 000. c. 25. d. 150. 【解析】选c。 细节理解题。根据第二段“the average location capacity was 25”可知, 答案选c。解题的关键在于知道“location capacity”的意思, 该段开头提到“location capacity”即“the number of places which he or she visits regularly”, 做题时注意前后联系。3. why do people visit the limited number of places? a. they dont have enough time. b. they have to work. c. their cognitive capacity limits the number of places. d. all of the above. 【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第三段“it cannot be explained solely. . . time” “some other factor is at work” “peoples cognitive capacity limits the number of places”可知a、b、c都对, 故选d。4. how can the researchers get similar data from other primates? a. observe the primates or let them carry smartphones. b. work together with robin dunbar. c. carry out statistical analysis. d. publish essays in nature human behavior. 【解析】选a。 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句的“they will have to rely on old-fashioned methods of zoological observation. . . get chimpanzees to carry smartphones. ”可知a项正确, 其他选项中的文字文章有提及, 但属于干扰项。【知识拓展】长难句分析it turns out that someones “location capacity”, the number of places which he or she visits regularly, remains constant(不变的) over periods of months and years. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。句中包含一个由which引导的定语从句。“the number of places. . . regularly”是“location capacity”的同位语, 对其进行解释说明。it turns out that, 固定用法, 意为“结果是”。翻译: 研究发现, 人们的“位置容量”, 即人们经常光顾的地方的数量, 在数月乃至数年间是保持不变的。bsome 30, 000 years ago, artists living in caves in europe painted pictures of the animals around them: panthers (豹), rhinoceroses (犀牛), lions and other creatures now long extinct. the paintings were highly realistic, some of which even showed movement. the artwork, more than a thousand drawings, is considered the oldest group of human cave drawings ever discovered. they were well preserved for the cave was sealed for 23, 000 years. on december 18, 1994, a group of french cave scientists were exploring caves in southern france. jean chauvet, who led the group, describes discovering the cave paintings. “eliette was just walking behind me, and christian behind. eliette said she saw two marks made with red ochre. and at this very moment everything began. the drawings and everything linked to the parietal art (壁画). thats where it started. ”cave art expert jean clottes reviewed the paintings. “i was amazed at the number of paintings there were and of their quality and particularly in front of the panel of the horses. ”scientific analysis confirmed the prehistoric date of the artwork. studies showed the drawings were created tens of thousands of years ago, before human history was written. the united nations group unesco lists the cave as a world heritage site. they think the drawings form a remarkable expression of early human artistic creation of grand excellence and variety. the chauvet cave is named for the explorer who first entered it. its environment and drawings are very fragile. so the cave is closed, and only people there for scientific purposes can go inside and see the artwork. however, french authorities wanted the public to see the cave and artwork, too. so they asked experts to create an exact copy of the cave, called pont darc cavern. the copy cost $59 million to build, which opened in april 2015 in france. pascal terrasse, the president of the cavern, says everyone will be able to experience the thrill of looking at drawings made by the first humans in europe. authorities say they think as many as 400, 000 people will visit the pont darc cavern every year. 【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了肖维岩洞的基本情况: 它的发现、探索及现状等。5. which of the following statements is true about the chauvet cave? a. it was closed off for tens of hundreds of years. b. it is thought to be the origin of modern parietal art. c. the environment and drawings are very easy to damage. d. the majority of drawings there are about the extinct animals. 【解析】选c。细节理解题。从倒数第三段的“its environment and drawings are very fragile”可知, 肖维岩洞里的环境和壁画极容易受到破坏。fragile意为“易受伤害的, 易碎的”。故c项正确。6. according to the passage, the first scientist to enter the cave was _. a. christianb. eliettec. clottesd. chauvet【解析】选d。细节理解题。从第四段的“eliette was just walking behind me, and christian behind”和倒数第三段的“the chauvet cave is named for the explorer who first entered it”可知, 第一个走进岩洞的人是jean chauvet。7. who can pay a visit to the chauvet cave nowadays? a. people who do scientific researches. b. people who found the cave first. c. officials protecting the environment. d. people from the united nations. 【解析】选a。细节理解题。从倒数第三段的“. . . and only people there for scientific purposes can go inside and see the artwork. ”可知, 现如今只有那些做科学研究的人才可以进肖维岩洞。故答案选a项。8. the purpose of creating pont darc cavern is to _. a. arouse visitors awareness of protecting relicsb. show admiration to the earliest artists in europec. offer visitors chances to view the earliest drawingsd. collect money for the perseverance of the chauvet cave【解析】选c。推理判断题。从最后两段的内容可知, 法国政府为了揭开肖维岩洞之谜, 让更多人了解肖维岩洞并观赏到岩洞内的艺术画作, 他们让专家们以肖维岩洞为原型创建了pont darc cavern。故答案选c项。. 完形填空世纪金榜导学号i am a social worker. i wanted to tell everyone about my very dear friend who passed away a few months ago. i met him many years ago while doing my internship (实习期) in the country prison. he was 1 a program he had designed to help prisoners with drug and alcohol problems. he was always 2 new ways to bring hope and help to these men and their family. one of his favorite 3 was the toy drive. he would run every christmas for the children of the prisoners. he did this for twenty years until his sudden death. as last christmas 4, i decided that this tradition had to be 5, for the children as well as the 6 of my friend. but the file where he kept the names of the people who had been helped by him over the years was 7. i had to start anew (重新) and with very little 8! i started making phone calls, explaining about the project and my 9. i prayed every night that the event would, 10, be worthy of my friend. to my great 11, individuals, churches and businesses began to come on board and, eventually, i had enough toys to give to all the children of the prisoners with some left over for the local community 12! when christmas eve finally arrived, i felt very happy, thinking i had done all i could do and reflecting on what an honor it had been for me. i was bagging up the remaining toys 13 if there was anyone left who might like them. then my phone rang. it was my daughter. she 14 to explain about a woman she knew in kentucky who had five children, one seriously ill, no husband, no heating in the home, no toys! oh! how could we not? my daughter and i drove all night, from new york to kentucky, and those children woke up in a nice warm house with plenty of toys! my friends 15 of kindness lived on that year, reaching all the way to kentucky! 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。多年来, 作者的朋友一直在每年圣诞节前夕送玩具给囚犯的子女, 直至不久前他突然去世。作者秉承了朋友的初衷, 把这项活动坚持不懈地开展了下去。1. a. recordingb. directingc. attendingd. improving【解析】选b。空格后的“a program he had designed”表明这个项目由他创设, 因而此处指朋友负责 (direct) 该项目, 故选b。2. a. putting up withb. keeping up withc. coming up withd. catching up with【解析】选c。此处指他总是想出办法给这些人和家庭带来希望。come up with表示“想到, 想出”, 故选c。3. a. eventsb. sportsc. hobbiesd. games【解析】选a。toy drive是该项目下的一项活动 (event)。下文中的“i prayed every night that the event would”也是线索和提示, 故选a。4. a. arrivedb. approachedc. followedd. finished【解析】选b。approach “接近, 靠近”。此处指圣诞节临近, 故选b。5. a. carried outb. lived onc. lived outd. carried on【解析】选d。作者决定这个传统必须继续下去。carry on表示“继续”, 故选d。6. a. benefitb. pleasurec. memoryd. favor【解析】选c。作者这样做不仅是为了那些孩子, 同时也为缅怀自己的朋友, 故选c。7. a. activeb. extrac. missingd. hiding【解析】选c。由下文“作者不得不重新开始”可推知, 朋友曾经记录的受助人的信息文件不见了(missing), 故选c。8. a. pressureb. timec. energyd. confidence【解析】选b。圣诞节马上到来, 所以时间紧迫, 故选b。9. a. atmosphereb. impressionc. importanced. difficulties【解析】选d。此处指作者打电话请求帮助, 向大家说明自己遇到的困难(difficulties), 故选d。10. a. somehowb. howeverc. otherwised. though【解析】选a。作者每天晚上祈祷, 希望以某种方式 (somehow), 可以让自己所做的事情不辜负朋友的初衷, 故选a。11. a. curiosityb. disappointmentc. thoughtd. relief【解析】选d。经过作者的努力, 个人、教会和企业都开始参与, 所以此处表示感到如释重负。to ones relief “令某人如释重负”, 故选d。12. a. as wellb. in particularc. once mored. at first【解析】选a。作者在筹集到足够玩具的同时, 还(as well)剩下了一些玩具可以留给当地社区, 故选a。13. a. predictingb. realizingc. evaluatingd. wondering【解析】选d。作者在整理剩余玩具时想知道 (wondering) 是否还有人喜欢这些玩具, 故选d。14. a. calledb. camec. returnedd. drove【解析】选a。与上文的“then my phone rang. ”呼应, 指女儿打电话来, 故选a。15. a. positionb. spiritc. couraged. attention【解析】选b。作者的朋友虽然远去, 但是他的友善精神 (spirit) 却永存, 故选b。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. pass away去世2. be worthy of值得3. reflect on反思4. wake up唤醒, 醒来. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。many of van goghs paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different 1. (way). his painting sun-flowers, for example, 2. (fill) with vivid yellows and browns. these colors give 3. painting a feeling of warmth and well-being. however, the sunflowers are actually dead and dying. the result is a painting that 4. (combine) the warmth of life with the feelings of sadness. it is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad at the same time. van goghs 5. (famous) painting, the starry night, takes this mixture of joy and sadness one step f