2021版高考英语大一轮复习 核心素养测评二十五 Unit 2 The universal language 牛津译林版选修8

核心素养测评二十五 unit 2the universal language(限时35分钟). 阅读理解afor centuries, people have tried to invent a perfect universal written language and chinese has actually been considered before. francis bacon used to assume that a language like chinese and its writing system would have qualified. chinese doesnt use an alphabet based on sounds, but symbols indicating meaning. chinese character has its special relationship between the sign and what it symbolized. each character represents a word or a concept and you pile them up together like lego bricks, childrens plastic building toys, to build more words. some of them also look like what they represent. for example, a mountain may look just like a mountain with a peak in the middle. and fire resembles some blazing (燃烧的) logs. when you put them together and you get volcano. isnt that amazing? while some of them look like what they represent, most of them really dont. in fact, some of them are incredibly complicated. for instance, “biang” is the name of a kind of noodle, which has 57 strokes (笔画). it is very hard for people to pronounce or recognize this character, let alone writing it out correctly. chinese is so complicated that since the 1950s, a simplified system of characters has been used in mainland china. but there is a problem. chinese characters often represent whole works, and there are a lot of them. in the chinese dictionary there are around sixty four thousand characters. so chinese characters might not become a universal writing system soon. the trouble is not just inventing one, but getting people to use it. it wouldnt be easy for the whole world to agree on the same set of meanings. after all, language needs a cultural context. you cannot really just use a universal language as you like. 【文章大意】本文属于议论文。讨论中文是否适合成为世界通用语的问题。1. what can we learn from francis bacon? a. he believed that chinese writing system was perfect. b. he managed to invent a universal written language. c. he recommended chinese to use alphabets based on sounds. d. he thought written chinese language could be used globally. 【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据第一段francis bacon used to assume that a language like chinese and its writing system would have qualified. 可推测出francis bacon过去假定中文可以符合作全世界通用语的标准。故选d。2. how does the author explain the characteristic of chinese character? a. by analyzing structures of toys. b. by comparing concepts. c. by giving examples. d. by collecting data. 【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据第二段for example, a mountain may look just like a mountain with a peak in the middle. and fire resembles some blazing logs. when you put them together and you get volcano. 可知, 作者用山和火举例子来介绍中国汉字的特点。故选c。3. why do chinese people use a simplified system of chinese characters? a. it is hard to pronounce chinese characters. b. it is difficult to recognize or write chinese characters. c. it is fashionable to use simplified chinese characters. d. it is complicated to look up chinese characters in the dictionaries. 【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第三段it is very hard for people to pronounce or recognize this character, let alone writing it out correctly. ”可知, 由于中国汉字难识别和难写的原因, 中国人开始使用简化版的汉字系统。故选b。4. what is the passage mainly about? a. how to write simplified chinese characters. b. why people need a universal written language. c. chinese is a perfect universal written language. d. whether chinese is suitable to be a world language. 【解析】选d。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章讨论中文是否适合作世界通用语的问题。故选d。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. based on以为基础 2. pile up堆积, 堆放 3. look like看起来像 4. let alone更不用说 5. agree on 同意; 达成共识; 达成一致bthomas cheatham had planned to study latin during his time at hebron high school in texas. but when he learned that the school district was going to offer a mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind. “i thought mandarin would be more beneficial than latin, ” said cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language. he speaks mandarin to order food at chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his chinese-speaking friends. while its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “chinese is a good language to know, especially with china becoming a growing power, ” he said. many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give american students an edge in the global economy. “people are looking at china as our next economic competitor, and interest in mandarin is growing fast, ” said marty abbott, director of the american council(议会) on the teaching of foreign languages. “were seeing it in all parts of the country. ”abbott predicts that as many as 100, 000 students are now studying mandarin in public and private schools throughout the us. she said the us government has designated (指定) mandarin as an “important needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness, ” abbott added. at the same time, the chinese government is spreading knowledge of the chinese language and culture through confucius institutes set up in many us states. for example, the confucius institute at the university of texas in dallas has been the home of a confucius institute for 10 years. it sponsors confucius classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning mandarin. 【文章大意】本文主要以一个美国学生的经历为例来讲述随着中国经济的发展, 普通话在美国校园很流行, 这是中国在世界舞台上地位上升的一个反映。5. why did thomas cheatham decide to study mandarin instead of latin? a. mandarin was easier to learn than latin. b. mandarin could be helpful to his future career. c. mandarin might help him learn more about china. d. mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering. 【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第三段while its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. 可知, thomas认为中文能够在他今后职业发展的道路上对他有所帮助。故选b。6. the underlined word “edge” in paragraph 4 probably means “”. a. a slight advantageb. the outside limitc. a sharp tone of voiced. an exciting quality【解析】选a。词义猜测题。根据本句句意可知, 汉语是一门全世界10亿人说的语言, 专家认为掌握了它的人会在全球经济中有优势, edge意为“有利条件, 优势”。7. which of the following statements might marty abbott agree with? a. mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the us. b. those skilled at chinese will be the most competitive in the future. c. the us governments policy has helped popularize mandarin in the us. d. americans learn mandarin because they worry about their national security. 【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第六段she said the us government has designated mandarin as an “important needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. 可知, 美国政府的政策促进了普通话在美国的普及, 故选c。8. what does the author mainly talk about in this passage? a. the rising popularity of mandarin among american students. b. the great benefits of learning mandarin for american students. c. the influence of chinas growing power on american education. d. the effect of confucius institutes in promoting mandarin in the us. 【解析】选a。主旨大意题。纵观全文, 主要介绍了美国学生学习中文热情升温的现象, 分析了出现该现象的背景和原因, 故选a。【知识拓展】长难句分析while its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. 分析: 这是一个复合句。while引导的是让步状语从句; 主句中who引导非限制性定语从句修饰主语the high school junior, thinks后面是它的宾语从句, 省掉了引导词that。翻译: 尽管这是一门很难掌握的语言, 这位打算学习计算机工程的高中生认为这将会对他的事业很重要。. 阅读填句in a study recently published in the journal neuron, researchers found that super memorizers dont have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 1 here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember things in your everyday life. to remember: new wordstechnique: change routinein a study, a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. one group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. during a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more. 2 that includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc. to remember: your pintechnique: count it outyou could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. 3 write a four-word sentence. then count the number of letters in each word. for instance, “this is my pin” =4223. to remember: facestechnique: focus on noseswhile some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory-palace technique doesnt work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a persons nose. 4 to remember: facts & figurestechnique: 5 to learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. if your exam is in a week, study today and then again in a day or two. if its a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session. a. value examsb. give yourself timec. this allows you to take in their whole face. d. their brain structures are in fact the same as the rest of ours. e. instead, try this tip from dominic, an eight-time world memory champion. f. the theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you. g. studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help. 【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 介绍了记忆不同事物建议使用的不同记忆技巧。1. 【解析】选d。根据前一句in a study recently published in the journal neuron, researchers found that super memorizers dont have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 可知, 在神经学杂志最近发布的文章里, 研究人员发现超级记忆者没有更大大脑区域来允许他们记忆很多信息, d选项, 他们的大脑结构跟我们其他人一样, 承接上文, 切题, 故选d。2. 【解析】选g。根据后一句that includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc. 可知, 包括记忆的时间, 音乐背景, 以及你是站着还是坐着的等, g选项, 研究表明改变环境的其他因素也能帮助记忆, 后一句是对本句的阐述, 切题, 故选g。3. 【解析】选e。根据后三句write a four-word sentence. then count the number of letters in each word. for instance, “this is my pin” = 4223. 可知, 写一个四个单词的句子, 数每个单词的字母数, 比如, this is my pin每个单词的分别包含4个、2个、2个、3个字母, e选项, 尝试八次获得世界记忆冠军的dominic的技巧, 后一句具体阐述记忆的方法, 切题, 故选e。4. 【解析】选c。根据前一句rather than focusing on eyes, as most