国际贸易简介ppt课件

.,1,TradebusinessEnglish,Unit1,.,2,AbriefIntroductiontoInternationalTrade国际贸易简介,PartAText1.1ReasonsforinternationaltradeQuestions:Howmanyreasonscanyouconcludeindetail?Whatsthedefinitionofinter-trade,worldtrade,foreigntradeandoverseastrade?,.,3,Internationaltrade国际贸易,Buyorsell,tradingactivitycommoditiesandservicesbetweentwoormorecountries,regionsoreconomies.,.,4,Worldtrade世界贸易,Thesumofallexportingandimportingofthenations,.,5,Foreigntrade对外贸易,Thetradetransaction(交易)fromonecountrytoitstradepartner(贸易伙伴,交易伙伴)Overseastrade(海外贸易):samemeaningasforeigntrade.,.,6,Thetradeitemininter-trade(国际贸易中的交易标的）,Commodity:referstovisibleortangiblegoods（有形或可见商品）service服务或劳务:referstoinvisibleorintangiblegoodsTraveling,brand品牌,patent专利,license许可权,trademark商标，intelligenceproperty知识产权，software，know-how商业秘密,.,7,Tradeoperation贸易操作,business,operation,service业务Operation操作、运作、业务Tradeoperation:exportationandimportation,.,8,Resources,RawMaterial,geographicalcondition,population,traffic,technology,capital,etc,.,9,Patternsoftrade贸易模式,ModeoftradeCommontradeProcessingtradeServicetrade,.,10,Skilledworker熟练工人,Welltrained,withenoughworkingexperience,andproficient熟练的skills,.,11,Tradewith与交易,MakeadealwithMakeacontractwithAgreeonthecontractwith,.,12,Workforce劳动力,Factorsitproducts产品要素Labor/workforce,Earth,Capital,Technology,ManagementFactorintensiveproductLaborintensiveproduct劳动力密集型产品e.g.:agriculturalproductsCapitalintensiveproduct资本密集型产品e.g.:steelTechnologyintensiveproduct技术密集型产品e.g.:computer,software,.,13,Simpleproduct简单产品,Simpleproduct:producedbysimpleassemblingorprocessing,littlecapitalortechniqueinputSophisticated/complicate/advancedproduct复杂产品/高级产品:manufacturedorproducedbymodernindustrywithtechniqueandequipments.,.,14,Economicbenefit经济利益,Benefit(v.)from从.中获利/获益Makeprofitfrom从.中获利Benefit利益，好处Interest利益，利息Atthecostof以的成本Atthepriceof以的价格/代价,.,15,Comparativeadvantage比较优势,Comparativeadvantage/disadvantage比较优/劣势:thedifferencebetween2commoditiesproductionefficiency,orproductcostfor2nations.Absoluteadvantage/disadvantage绝对优/劣势:thedifferencebetweentwonationsproductcost.,.,16,Classicaleconomists古典经济学家,AdamSmith亚当。斯密DavidRicardo大卫。李嘉图John.S.Mill约翰。穆勒,.,17,Mass-produce大批量生产domesticdemand/domesticsupply国内需求/供给Efficientdemand/Efficientsupply有效需求/供给,.,18,Preference偏好，倾向,Intentiontochoosespecificitemorbehavior,.,19,Innovation:创新,Creation/inventionbasedontraditionalproductionortechnique,designing,tec.,.,20,Economic经济的,Economy经济，经济体Economics经济学Economist经济学家,.,21,Transportation运输方式,Oceantransportation远洋运输Inlandtransportation内河运输Airtransportation航空运输Combinedtransportation联合运输Landtransportation陆上运输Railwaytransportation铁路运输Roadtransportation公路运输,.,22,Transportationservice运输服务,Charter(rentship)租船:forbigvolumecargoVoyagecharter航程/航次租船Timecharter航期租船Rent/orderspace订舱:forbulk（散货）,.,23,Insurance保险,Purchaseinsurance购买保险Procureinsurance投加保险Insurancepolicy/certificate保险单据/凭证,.,24,Riskoftheshipment承运货物的风险,Runtherisk/undertakerisk承担风险Exposetotherisk暴露在风险中，面临风险Typesoftherisk:fire,theft偷窃,leakage破损,collision碰撞，strike，war，etc.,.,25,Lloyd劳合船级社,Anfamousinstitutionintradetransportation.Leading：primary,dominants主导的，主要的Feen.手续费，杂费Chargen.费用，收费,.,26,Behelux比荷卢经济体,BelgiumHollandLuxemburg,.,27,1、immigrantremittances.移民汇款,.,28,2、Question:whatistheimportdirectionforahostcountrywithmanyimmigrants?andwhatstheexport?,.,29,1、tradebalance,tradegap,贸易差额,favorablebalance:surplus顺差unfavorablebalance:deficit逆差2、Whysurplusiswelcomedanddeficitnot?exportbringsaboutforeignexchagerevenuesurpluscomeswhenexportamountexceedstheimportamount,whichrepresentnetincometrade.deficitresultsfromthedifferencewhenimportismorethanexport,whichbringsoutnetexpenseandforeignliability.,.,30,1、condition,herereferstovariouscircumstanceintax,law,market,clients,traffic,communication,andculture.,.,31,2、domestictrade国内贸易,Justenjoyscivillawandtaxes，andsamelanguageandtradition,.,32,1、Highlight强调、突出重点,Pickupanimportantpart,emphasize,.,33,1、Moneyconversion货币兑换,AcurrencyexchangedforanotheroneConvert兑换，转换Exchange交换、兑换Transform折算、转换,.,34,2、Whymoneyconversioncausestroubleintrade？,Businessmanwillencountertheexchangeratefluctuation(汇率波动)whentheymakethepaymentinothercountryscurrency,whichwillcausesuncertainrisk.,.,35,3、Tradebarrier贸易壁垒,Tradeobstacle贸易障碍Includes:tax(tariff)关税,quotas配额,administrativesupervision行政监管toimportation,.,36,1、Business生意、业务,Dobusiness做生意Carrybusiness开展业务Expand/extendbusiness拓展业务2、comeincontactwith=buildupcontactwith,.,37,Ethnocentric以自我为中心,.,38,1、onthealertagainst注意小心,Beawareof2、localcustoms=localtradition当地习惯、风俗Internationaltradecustom国际贸易惯例3、businessnorm商业规范、标准Commercialstandard商业标准,.,39,、formality礼节,礼仪,1、salesrepresentation销售推介Includesillustrationofproduct,cooperationintention.2、stateonescase陈述情况Stateonesposition说明意向/立场,.,40,1.Businessfriendship业务关系,Clientfriendship客户关系Businesspartner商业伙伴,业务伙伴,.,41,1.Mutualobligation相互负责,2.associatewith加入.，与.合伙Joininpartnershipof,.,42,1、Approvecontract达成协议,=Makethedeal/Agreeonthecontract2、principal当事人、签约人,.,43,1、Term合同条款（术语）,=clause,responsibilitiesandrightswritteninthecontract,.,44,1、incident=anepisode,2.but=only,merely,.,45,1.inhibition:prohibition禁忌,2、sharedinterest共同的利益=commoninterest/benefit,.,46,Montary货币的,currency货币/通货(formaluse)Moneyclassification:Cash(coins,papernote)demanddeposit活期存款Checks支票,.,47,1、Producer生产商,Manufacturer制造商/makerProvider提供商（internetservice/contentprovider互联网服务/内容提供商)DesignerSupplier供货商Distributor分销商Retailer零售商Wholesaler批发商,.,48,2、foreigncurrency,DanishcroneJapaneseYenChineseYuanEuroDollar,.,49,1.Currencyvalue货币价值,2、intermsof以.为3.货币的表示：bestatedin,bedenominatedin，beexpressedin,.,50,1exchangerate汇率,onecurrencyspriceexpressedintermsofanothercurrency2.Domesticcurrency本国货币Foreigncurrency外币Thirdnationcurrency第三国货币,.,51,Foreignexchangeoffice外汇交易所,Foreignexchangecenter外汇交易中心,.,52,Importingandexportingfirm进出口公司,Firms,company(独资，合伙）公司企业Corporation（大型）公司,.,53,2、payment支付、付款,3、foreignexchangerisk外汇风险TheappreciationordepreciationofforeigncurrencymaybringlosstotradingcompanyEg。an2US$Hamburgmaycosts16ChineseYuanforachinesebuyerattheexchangerateof8Yuanto1dollar.Butheshouldpaymorewhentheraterevaluesat10to1.,.,54,1.Order订购,2.Commercialcredit商业贷款Thebankloanreleasedtomeetbusinessfundneedssimilaruse:commercialfinance融资,.,55,1.Beopentorisk面临的风险,2.depreciaterelativeto/against/to相对于/对于/贬值mitment:承诺promise,.,56,1.Freeflow自由流动,2.benefitv.使受益,.,57,1.Freetradesystem自由贸易体系,Thesystemiscomposedofthecancellationoftariff,loosequotaandothertradebarrier,thataimsatdecreasingtradecostandimprovegoodscirculation流通,.,58,1.Balanceofpayment国际收支,Arecordthatreflectstotaleconomictransactionsofacountrytoothercountries,Theprimarytransactionsaretrade,non-tradeonesandcapitalflows资本流动.2.Receipt收入,.,59,1.Welfare福利,Thefairandfavorableconsumptionundercertainnationincomelevel特定国民收入水平下的公平和有利的消费Question:willthelevelofwelfarebebetterifacountryexportswhathisdomesticmarketisinseveredemand极度需求?why?,.,60,1.Infantindustry幼稚工业,Herebyreferstothespecificchildhoodstageforaindustrywhichisfarfromitsadvanced,matureandstabledevelopmentperiodinitswholeindustrycycle产业周期Questions:givesomeexamplesinChina.2.shieldfrom,protectagainst,isolatefrom,.,61,3.start-upperiod起步期childstage,infantstage,1.Valoremtariff从价税Thetaxwhichiscalculatedonthebasisofthevalueofimportingcommodities.,.,62,1.Importlicense进口许可证,Thepermissionproofissuedbynationalauthorityforbusinessmantoimportorexportspecificgoodswhicharelistedincontrolledcatalog管制目录,.,63,1.Governmentpurchase政府采购,Thepurchaseaction,oftenlargequantity,carriedoutbygovernmenttomaintainitsoperation.,.,64,1.Standardforsafety安全标准,2.consumerprotection消费者权益保护,.,65,1.Exportsubsidies出口补贴,Akindoffinancialaidmeasurementwhichmainlyprovideacertainrateofrecoveryamounttoexportertoencouragethemtoexpandoverseasmarket,espinlabor-intensiveindustry.,.,66,1.Targeting定向扶持,Apolicybasketwhichcollectssubsidies,fiscalaidandothermeasurementstohelpdomesticindustries,sectors部门competewithforeignrivals.,.,67,1.Researchanddevelopment研究与开发R&D,1.costv.价值1.producedproducts,制成品manufacturedgoods,.,68,1.Utilize利用=use,1.engagein从事于1.haveknowledgeabout了解1.directexport直接出口Indirectexport间接出口,.,69,1.Exportdepartment出口业务部,2.overseassalesbranch海外销售分部presence:exitence1.middleman中间商,中间人(broker中介人)2.exportagent出口代理商anauthorizedagentwhocandealwiththeprocedureofexportingsuchascustomclearance,etc,.,70,1.Commission佣金,1.redtape烦琐和拖拉的公事程序,繁文缛节1.internationalmarketing国际营销1.makeaprofit获利,盈利makemoney赚钱,.,71,1、discount折扣,Aductdiversification产品多样化,.,72,question:givesomeexampleofindirectimporting,1.economicaladj,节约的,经济的Comparetheeconomic1.wholesaler批发商Retailer零售商1.consult咨询2.warehousing仓储,.,73,1.Lisensor许可方，授权方,2.Lisensee受让方1.flatfee统一费用Royalty专利许可费,.,74,1、exclusive独占,Non-exclusive非独占1.contractmanufacturer协作生产Specification规格,.,75,Question:whatthedifferencebetweencontractmanufacturingandjointventure?1.jointventur