英语诗歌欣赏知识详细PPT课件

.,1,英语诗歌欣赏EvaluationandAppreciationofEnglishPoetry,.,2,“Theliteraturethatiswritteninsomekindofverseform.-areadersdefinition,“thebestwordsinthebestorder.”-SamuelTaylorColeridge,“nottheassertionthatsomethingistrue,butthemakingofthattruthmorefullyrealtous.”-T.S.Eliot,.,3,Literaturethatisnotprose,1.amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsounds2.apreciseandfreshimagery3.multiplelevelsofinterpretationbytheconnotationofcloserwordsandbyallusions,.,4,.TheMusicalEffectofPoetry,Poetryhasitsrootsinsong.epics,ballads,travelingbards,minstrels,Musicaleffectsaremainlycreatedbyrhythm.,Foot-agroupofsyllablesformingametricalunit,aunitofrhythm.Meter-thepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesusedinpoem.,.,5,伐木丁丁，鸟鸣嘤嘤。四言诗,欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。五言诗,春风又绿江南岸。七言诗,.,6,monometer（单音步)pentameter（五音步）dimeter（双音步）hexameter（六音步）trimeter（三音步）heptameter（七音步）tetrameter（四音步）octameter（八音步）,.,7,雪压冬云白絮飞1234tetrameter,Twinkletwinklelittlestartetrameter,.,8,阴平、阳平、上声、去声平仄,老夫喜作黄昏颂，满目青山夕照明。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。,.,9,平仄互协“音乐的和有趣的思想结合”爱伦坡,“欲调曼声，必谐三声“（平、上、去）,高低疾徐抑扬顿挫汉语四声调的特色,.,10,阴平声轻，阳平声重，上声后而举，去声清而远,stressed-accent重音扬unstressed-unaccented轻音抑fivemetricpatterns（音律）,.,11,1Iambic抑扬格:control2Trochaic扬抑格:tiger3Anapestic抑抑扬格:contradict4Dactylic扬抑抑格:foolishness5Spondaic扬扬格:moonstone,.,12,lTheskyishigh,thecloudsarepale.-iambictetrameter四步抑扬格,lDoubledoubletoilandtroubleFireburnandcauldronbubble-ShakespeareItstrochaictetrameter.(四步扬抑格),.,13,lLikeachildfromthewombLikeaghostfromthetombIariseandinbuiltitagain.-Shelley-Anapestictetrameterandtrimeter,lIdadreamto-night,AsIfeelasleep-anapesticandiambicdimeter,.,14,ElegywritteninaCountryChurchyard-ThomasGray,Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowingoerthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandme.,.,15,Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowingoerthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandme.,.,16,TherewasayoungladyofNigerWhosmiledassherodeonatigerTheyreturnedfromtheride,.,17,WiththeladyinsideAndthesmileonthefaceofthetiger,Apoemforappreciation-goodandharmoniouscombinationofrhythmandrhyme.,.,18,MyHeartsintheHighlands.-RobertBurns,MyheartsintheHighlands,myheartisnothere,MyheartsintheHighlandsa-chasingthedear,A-chasingthewilddeerandfollowingtheroe-MyheartsintheHighlands,whereverIgo?,.,19,FarewelltotheHighlands,farewelltotheNorth,Thebirthplaceofvalor,thecountryofworth,WhereverIwonder,whereverIrove,ThehillsofHighlandsforeverIlove.,.,20,Farewelltothemountainshighcoveredwithsnow,Farewelltothestrathsandgreenvalleysbelow,Farewelltotheforestsandwild-hangingwoods,Farewelltothetorrentsandloud-pouringfloods.,.,21,*Rhyme(rime),大江歌罢掉头东donga邃密群科济世穷qiongarimetogether面壁十年图破壁,bib难酬滔海亦英雄.xionga,.,22,Abookofverseunderneaththebough,Ajugofwine,aloafofbread-andthou,Besidemesinginginthewilderness,O,wildnesswereparadiseenow.,Thefirst,secondandfourthlinerimetogether.,FromOmarKheyyan-byEdwardFitzgerald鲁拜集,.,23,美酒佐干粮，树荫诵诗章，君喉歌宛转，荒漠即天堂。郭沫若（译）,.,24,TypesofRhyme,1.1.Endrhyme（尾韵）-rhymeestablishedattheendofverseline.2.Internalrhyme（中间韵）-rhymecontainedwithinalineofverse.,.,25,Spring-ThomasNash,Spring,thesweetspring,istheyearspleasantkingThenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinringColddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing.Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!,.,26,ThepalmandmaymakecountryhousesgayLambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,AndwehearaybirdstunethismerrylayCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!,.,27,Thefieldsbreathesweet,Thedaisieskissourfeet;Youngloversmeet,Oldwivesa-sunningsit;IneverystreetthesetunesourearsdogreetCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Spring!thesweetspring:,.,28,Thefirststanza:spring-thing-stingking-ring-sing,Thesecondstanza:may-play-aygay-day-lay,.,29,Thethirdstanza:Sweet-meet-streetFeet-sit-great,Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!,.,30,3.Slantrhyme-aninexactrhymewherethefinalconsonantsoundsarethesamebutthevowelsoundsaredifferent.,nearrhyme,half-rhyme,partialrhyme.,Andbyhissmile,Iknowthatsullenhall,Byhisdeadsmile,Iknowwestoodinhell.,.,31,1.4.Eyerhyme-therhymingoftwowordswhichlookasiftheydrhyme,butdonot.,e.g.move-love,.,32,1)Onesyllablerhyme（押单韵）orsinglerhyme-usuallycalledasmasculinerime,malerime.,2)Doublerhyme（押双韵）-rhymeinwhichtwoconsecutivesyllablesoftherhymewordsmatch.Thefirstsyllablecarriesthestress.Lightness,elegancefeminine,femalerhymee.g:motion-oceanwaken-forsakenaudition-rendition,.,33,3)Triplerhyme（三重韵）e.g:glorious-victorious,.,34,*Othermusicaldevices-theuseofsounds,1.Alliteration首字韵-repetitionoftwoormoreinitialconsonantssoundsinwordswithinaverseline.,e.g:Whenfortitudehaslostitsfire,Andfreezesintofear.,.,35,Itylus-Swinburne,Swallow,mysister,o,sister,swallow,WhywiltthouflyafterspringtotheSouth,Thesoftsouthwitherthineheartisset.,.,36,bagandbaggageMightandmainhaleandheartyTimeandtidewaitfornomanthickandthinfitasafiddleapiginapoke,.,37,12.Onomatopoeia拟声词-theuseofawordwhosesoundsuggestsitsmeaningorwhichimitatesthesoundmadebyanobjectorcreature.,e.g:cuckoo,jug-jug.,.,38,3.Assonance半谐词-therepetitionoftwoormorevowelsoundswithinaline,e.g:lake-fatefeed-needsmate-shape,4.Consonants押辅音-therepetitionoftwoormoreconsonantssoundswithinaline.,e.g:Thesplendorfallsoncastlewalls.,.,39,Homework:TheTyger-WilliamBlake,Tyger!Tyger!burningbrightIntheforestsoftheNightWhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?,.,40,InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes?Onwhatwingsdareheaspire?Whatthehanddareseizethefire?,Andwhatshoulder,andwhatart,Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?,.,41,Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?Whattheanvil?WhatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?,WhenthestarsthrewdowntheirspearsAndwateredheavenwiththeirtears.Didhewhomadethelambmakethee?,.,42,Tyger!Tyger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight.WhatimmortalhandoreyeDareframethyfearfulsymmetry?,WhatstheTygerstandingfor?Whatdoesitsymbolizefor?GodB.thenaturespowerC.thepeopleD.revolution,.,43,Rhythm,Footormeter:mostly3feetinoneline-trimeterMetricpattern:mostlytrochaic,.,44,Tyger!Tyger!burningbright,Intheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?,.,45,Trochaictrimeterendingwithanextraaccentedsyllable,Rhyme,Everytwolineshavethesamerime,thisiscalledrhymeincouple.,.,46,AnaccentedonesyllableSinglerhyme-masculinerhymeStrongandpowerful,Trochaicpattern-astrongrhyme,ShortsentencesLessfeet-addthestrengthtothepoem,.,47,So,Blakepurposelyusesthedevicesofrhythmandrhyme:malerhyme,lessfeet,andshortmetricpattern.Alladdmoreeffecttothepoemandgivethereadersastrongimpression.,.,48,Othermusicdevices,1.1.Alliteration-creatingthepowerfulnessofthe“Tyger”.Burningbright,distantdeeps,begantobeat,dareitsdeadlyterrorclasp,.,49,2.Repetition,lPerfectrepetitionofthefirststanzaattheendofthepoem.lThefrequentuseoftheword“dread”repeatedlyremindsthereaderthattheTygeristobefeared.Thepatternofthequestionsareinsistentlyrepeated.,.,50,Whatdreadhand?Andwhatdreadfeet?Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Whattheanvil?Whatdreadgrasp?,TostrengthenthemusiceffectofthepoemandpowerfulnessoftheTyger.,.,51,Conclusion,AllthedevicesmentionedaboveinthispoemstronglysupportthesuggestionthatBlakeintendedinit.(thepoem),Blake,infact,isponderingthenatureoftheGod.IsthisGodcruelorgentle?Hedoesnotansweritdirectly,heraisedsomanyquestionsforreaderstothinkabout.Butbyreadingandanalyzethepoem,wecometoknowaboutthatwhatevertheTygeris,itisapowerfulandfearlesscreator.,.,52,.FormsofPoetry英诗的形式,SimplicitytovarietyTheformsofEnglishpoetryaredecidedbytheverselinesineachstanza,oronestanza.,.,53,1.Couplet双行诗Twolines,thesamerhyme,Oneprospectlostanotherstillwegain,Andnotavanityisgivninvain.,.,54,3.三行体,A.triplet,ThePoetryofDress-R.Herrick,.,55,WhereissilkmyJuliagoesThen,thenhowsweetlyflowsaouThatliquefactionofherclothes,Next,whenIcastmineeyesandseeThatbravevibrationeachwayfreebi:Ohowthatglitteringtakethme,.,56,B.terzarima（意大利三韵句）,Therimeschemeofthiskind:ababcb,cdc,ded,TheresapalaceinFlorence,theworldknowswell.aAndastatuewatchesitfromthesquare.bAndthisstoryofbothdoourtownmentell.a,.,57,Agesago,aladythere.bAtthefartherwindowfacingtheeastcAsked,whoridesbywiththeroyalair?b,.,58,3.Quatrain（四行体诗）,A.Onestanzaquatrain,.,59,TheRain-R.L.Stevenson,Therainisrainingallround,.aItfallsonfieldsandtree,.bItrainsontheumbrellashere,.cAndontheshipsatseab,.,60,B.Morestanzaquatrain,FreedomandLove-T.Campbell,.,61,HowdeliciousisthewinningofakissatlovesbeginningwhentwomutualheartsaresighingFortheknottheresnountying,Yetremember,midstyourwooinglovehasbliss,butlovehasruiningOthersmilesmaymakeyoufickleTearsforothercharmmaytrickle,.,62,MyLoveIsLikeaRed,RedRose-RobertBurns,O,myLuveslikeared.redrose,ThatsnewlysprunginJune;O,myLuveslikethemelodieThatssweetlyplaydintune.,.,63,Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,SodeepinluveamI;AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Tillatheseasgangdry.,Tillatheseasgangdry,mydear,Andtherocksmeltwithesun:AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandsolifeshallrun.,.,64,Andfaretheeweel,myonlylove,Andfaretheeweelawhile!AndIwillcomeagain,myluve,Thoughitweretenthousandmile.,.,65,C.BalladStanza（民谣四行诗）,SirPatrickSpens-anoldScotlandballad,.,66,ThefirstlinethatsirPatrickreadAloudlaughlaughedhe;TheheistlinethatsirPatrickreadThetearblindedhisee,Theyhadntsaildaleague,aleagueAleaguebutbarelythreewhentheliftgrewdark,andthewindblewlandagurlygrewthesea,.,67,4.Fivelinestanza（五行诗体）,ToASkylark-P.B.Shelley,.,68,hailtothee,blitheSpirit!Birdthouneverwert,Thatfromheaver,ornearit,BouresttheyfullheartInprofusestrainsofunpremeditatedart.,.,69,Higherstillandhigher,FromtheearththouspringestlikeacloudofFire;Thebluedeepthouwingest,Andsingingstilldostsoar,andsoaringeversingest.,.,70,5.Sixlinestanza（六行诗体）,TheMoon-Shelley,.,71,Andlikeadyingladyleanandpalewhotottersforth,wrappdinagauzyveilOutofherchamber,ledbytheinsaneAndfeeblewandeingsofherfadingbrainThemoonaroseupinthemurkyeastAwhiteandshapelessmass,.,72,6.Sevenlinestanza（七行诗体）,PentameterIambic,ababbcc,RapeofLucrece-Shakespeare,.,73,WhentheyhadsworntothisadviseddoomTheydidconcludetobeardeadlucrecethenceToshowherbleedingbodythroughRomeAndsotopublishTarquinsfonoffencewhichbeingdonewithspeedydiligenceTheRomansplansiblydidgiveconsentToTarquinseverlastingbanishment,.,74,7.Eightlinestanza（八行诗体）,A.OttavaRimaPentameteriambic,abababcc,DonJuan-Byron,.,75,Juanandhaideegazeduponeachotherwithswimminglooksofspeechlesstendernesswhichmixedallfeeling,friends,child,lover,brotherAllthatthebestcanmingleandexpressAndlovetoomuch,andyetcannotlovelessButalmostsantifythesweetexcessBytheimmortalwishandpowertobless,.,76,B.Triolet（法国体八行诗）Onlytworime:ABaAabaA,AKiss-AustinDobson,.,77,Rosekissedmetoday,Willshekissmetomorrow,letitbeasitmay,Rosekissedmetoday.,Rosekissedmetoday,Willshekissmetomorrow,letitbeasitmay,Rosekissedmetoday.,.,78,8.Ninelinestanza（九行诗体）Spenser-SpenserianStanzaababbcbcc,FaerieQueene-Spenser(略),.,79,9.Tenlinestanza（十行诗体）,OdetotheNightingale-J.Keats,.,80,Myheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspainsMysense,asthoughofhemlockIhaddrunk,OremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrainsOneminutepast,andILethe-wardshadsunk:Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,-Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthetrees,InsomemelodiousplotOfbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.,.,81,10.Sonnet（十四行诗）,A.lovesonnettheoctave-thefirst8lines:abba,abbathesestet-thelast6lines:cde,cde,cdc,dcd,OnHisBlindness-JohnMilton,.,82,WhenIconsiderhowmylightisspentErehalfmydays,inthisdarkworldandwide,AndthatonetalentwhichisdeathtohideLodgedwithmeuseless,thoughmysoulmorebent,ToservetherewithmyMaker,andpresentMytrueaccount,lestHereturningchide,-DothGodexactday-labour,lightdenied?Ifondlyask:-ButPatience,toprevent,.,83,Thatmurmur,soonreplies;goddothnotneedEithermanswork,orHisowngifts:whobestBearHismildyoke,theyserveHimbest:hisstate,Iskingly;thousandsathisbiddingspeedAndpostoerlandoceanwithoutrest;-Theyalsoservewhoonlystandwait.,.,84,B.ShakespeareanSonnetRhymescheme:abab,cdcd,efef,gg,ASonnetbyShakespeare,.,85,ThattimeofyearthoumaystinmebeholdWhenyellowleaves,ornone,orfew,dohangUponthoseboughswhichshakeagainstthecoldBareruinedchoirswherelatethesweetbirdssangInmethouseestthetwilightofsuchdayAsaftersunsetfadethinthewest,Whichby-and-byblacknightdothtakeawayDeathssecondselfthatsealsupallinrest,.,86,InmethouseesttheglowingofsuchfireThatontheashesofhisyouthdorthlieAsthedeathbedwhereonitmustexpireConsumedwiththatwhichitwasnourishedbyThisthouperceivst,whichmakesthylovemorestrongTolovethatwellwhichthoumustleaveerelong.,.,87,Wordsworth（华兹华斯）Shakespeareunlockedhisheartaglow-wormlampItcheeredmildSpenser,calledfromfairy-landTostrugglethroughdarkwaysandwhenadampFellroundthepathofMilton,inhishandTheThingbecomeatrumpet,whenceheblewSoul-animatingstrains-alas,toofew!,.,88,.ImageryImagery-istheuseofdescriptivelanguagetorecreatesensoryexperiences.Animageisaverbalpictureofanobject,action,abstractidea,orsensation.Imagesoftenarecreatedbyusingfiguresofspeech.,.,89,11.Metaphor-Acomparisonofunlikeitems,thecomparisonisdirectlystated.,e.g.Alltheworldisastage.,.,90,1.2.Simile-thedirectcomparisonoftwounlikeitems,usingthewords“like”or“as”tocompleteit.,e.g.Helen,thybeautyistomelikethoseNicearbarksofyore-AllanPoe“ToHelen”,.,91,1.3.Personification-thefigureofspeechwhichassignshumanqualitiestoinanimateobjectsorabstractions.,e.g.BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeathHekindlystoppedforme.-EmilyDickinson,.,92,TheMoondothwithdelightlookroundherwhentheheavensarebare.-WilliamWordsworth,.,93,4.Metonymy-literally“achangeofname”,afigureofspeechinwhichthenameofsomeobjectorideaissubstitutedforanothernametowhichithassomerelation.,e.g.WhenIconsiderhowmylightisspent.-JohnMilton,.,94,TheSerpentthatdidstingthefatherslifeNowwearshiscrown.-Shakespeare(SerpentStandsforClaudius),.,95,1.5.Synecdoche-afigureofspeechinwhichapartofanobjectisusedtorepresentthewholeobjectoridea.,E.g.Notmarble,northegildedmonumentsofprinces,shalloutlinethispowerfulrhyme-Shakespeare“Sonnet55”,.,96,1.6.Apostrophe-afigureofspeechinwhichaninanimateobject,adeadperson,oranabstractideaisaddresseddirectly.,e.g.Hailtothee,blithespirit!Birdthouneverwent-PercyByssheShelley,.,97,1.7.Hyperbole-anexaggerationusedtogiveemphasis,e.g.Thebrainiswiderthanthesky-EmilyDickinson,.,98,1.8.Litotes-afigureofspeechinwhichanideaisexpressedbyunderstatementorbydenyingitsopposite.,e.g.Feelingstoo,Ofunrememberedpleasure:such,perhaps,AshavenoslightortrivialinfluenceOnthatbestportionofagoodmanslife,-WilliamWordsworth,.,99,19.Paradox-astatementwhichisanapparentcontradictioncontainsabasisoftruthwhich,whenconsidered,reconcilestheseemingopposite.,e.g.Imnobody!Whoareyou?-EmilyDickinson,.,100,Myyouthisspent,andyetIamnotold.-C.TichborneOxymoronisapoeticalparadoxSuchas“o,lovinghate!”,.,101,110.Pun-aplayontwowordspronouncedsomewhatalikebutdifferinginmeaning.,.,102,OtherdevicesImagesalsocanbecreatedbyotherdevices.,1)SymbolismTheuseofanobject,person,reason,animalorotherconcreteitemtorepresentanabstractideaoranemotion.,.,103,2)AllusionAreferencetoanoutsideevent,person,orfact.Mostallusioninpre-twentiethcenturypoetryreferredtoeventsinpeoplefromclassicalGreekmythologyortheBible.Moreofteninthetwentiethcenturypoetsonefindsallusionstocurrenteventsorpersonage.,.,104,.TypesofPoetry,11.TheLyricpoemAlyricpoemisapoemoflimitedlength,expressingthethoughtsandfeelingsofasinglespeaker.Thelyrichasaregularmetricalpatternandaregularrhymescheme.,.,105,A.Theelegy-thisisadignifiedlyricpoemlamentingthedeathofanindividual“amongallmen”.B.Theode-thisisalyricpoemofconsiderablelength.Theodeisseriousinsubjectandformalinstyle.C.Thesonnet-thisisalyricpoemoffourteenlineswhichfollowadesignatedrhymeschem