（新课标）2021高考英语一轮总复习 考点集训（十五）Unit 3 Science and nature 牛津译林版

考点集训（十五）unit 3 science and nature对应学生用书p281一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.heisclever，butonthehand，heoftenmakessillymistakesduetocarelessness.2.unexpectedquarrelsoccurredasconsequenceoflanguagebarrier.3.itisalmostimpossibletoconstructanynewbuildinganywherewithout(permit) fromthelocalcouncilinthiscountry.4.canyounoticeanydifferencebetweentheclonedsheepandthe(origin) one？5.heaskedseveralquestions(concern) thefutureofthecompany.6.aftertenhourshardwork，allofusfelt(burn) outandwantedtohavearest.7.friedfoodmaybe(taste)，butitcanbeharmfultoourhealth.8.hetalksbigbutdoesnt(actual) doanything.9.inthatdisaster，thecaptainwasthelast(leave) theship.10.atthemeeting，thebossannouncedthatallthingstakenconsideration，theplannedtripwouldhavetobecalledoff.11.thelast(confirm) wildpigeonintheunitedstateswasshotbyaboyinpikecountyin1900.12.ifi(have) thechance，iwouldsurelyhavetoldthemanageryourdemandatyesterdaysmeeting.13.hehasdecidedtogoabroadtostudywiththe(intend) offindingabetterjobwhenhereturns.14.ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown，whynotconsider(adopt) one？15.nowhere(can) ifindapersontohelpmeatthattime.答案与解析1.other。句意：他很聪明，但另一方面，他经常因粗心而犯愚蠢的错误。ontheotherhand“另一方面”。2.a。asaconsequenceof因为，由于。3.permission。由without可知，此处应填名词，表示“来自地方议会的允许”。4.original。句意：你能注意到克隆羊和原来的羊有什么不同么？修饰one用形容词，故填original。5.concerning。concerningprep.关于；涉及。6.burnt/burned。句意：十小时的艰苦工作后，我们所有人都累垮了，都想休息一下。feel/be/getburnt/burnedout为固定短语，意为“耗尽体力，累垮”，故填burnt/burned。7.tasty。考查形容词。句意：油炸食品可能很好吃，但它可能对我们的健康有害。根据上文be可知填形容词tasty。8.actually。考查副词。句意：他夸夸其谈，但实际上什么也不做。do为动词需要副词修饰，故填actually。9.toleave。thelasttodosth.最后一个做某事的人。10.oconsideration考虑到；顾及。11.confirmed。confirm与wildpigeon之间为被动关系。此处表示“美国最后一只被确认的野鸽”。12.hadhad。句意：如果我(当时)有机会，我肯定会在昨天的会上告诉经理你的需求。根据句意可知，此处描述的是和过去事实相反的情况，所以虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用ention。withtheintentionof抱有目的；打算。14.adopting。considerdoingsth.考虑做某事。15.could。句意：当时我找不到一个可以帮助我的人。否定副词nowhere置于句首，后面用部分倒装结构。且根据该句的时间状语“当时”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情。因此应用过去时态。二、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。adonnaashlock，a14yearoldgirlfromcalifornia，wasverysick.shehadabadheart.“donnaneedsanewheart，”herdoctorsaid，“shemusthaveanewheart，orshewilldiesoon.”felipecarza，15，wasworriedaboutdonna.felipewasdonnasfriend.helikeddonnaverymuch.helikedherfreckles，andhelikedhersmile.felipedidntwantdonnatodie.felipetalkedtohismotheraboutdonna.“iamgoingtodie，”felipetoldhismother，“andiamgoingtogivemyhearttodonna.”felipesmotherdidntpaymuchattentiontofelipe.“felipeisjustkidding，”shethought，“felipeisnotgoingtodie.hesstrongandhealthy.”butfelipewasnothealthy.hehadterribleheadachessometimes.“myheadhurts，”heoftentoldhisfriends.felipenevertoldhisparentsabouthisheadaches.onemorningfelipewokeupwithasharppaininhishead.hewasdizzy，andhecouldntbreathe.hisparentsrushedfelipetothehospital.doctorsatthehospitalhadterriblenewsforthem.“felipesbrainisdead，”thedoctorssaid，“wecantsavehim.”theparentswereverysad.buttheyrememberedfelipeswords.“felipewantedtogivehishearttodonna，”theytoldthedoctors.thedoctorsdidseveraltests.thentheytoldtheparents，“wecangivefelipeshearttodonna.”thedoctorstookoutfelipesheartandrushedthehearttodonna.otherdoctorstookoutdonnasheartandputfelipesheartinherchest.inashorttimetheheartbegantobeat.theoperationwasasuccess.felipesheartwasbeatingindonnaschest，butdonnadidntknowit.herparentsanddoctorsdidnttellher.theywaiteduntilshewasstronger；thentheytoldheraboutfelipe.“ifeelverysad，”donnasaid，“butiamthankfultofelipe.”threemonthslaterdonnawentbacktoschool.shehadtohaveregularcheckups，andshehadtotakemedicineeveryday.butshelivedanormallife.felipesbrotherjohnsays，“everytimeweseedonna，wethinkoffelipe.shehasfelipesheartinher.thatgivesusgreatpeace.”()16.felipewasworriedaboutdonnabecause.a.shehadfrecklesb.shewasverysickc.shewouldhaveanewheartd.shehadasharppaininherhead()17.welearnfromthepassagethat.a.felipepromiseddonnatogiveherhisheartb.donnaneededanewheartinsteadofherownc.thedoctorsaskedfelipesparentstodonatefelipesheartd.felipenevertoldanyoneabouthisterribleheadaches()18.donnaknewnothingaboutfelipesheartuntil.a.felipesparentstoldherthebadnewsb.theoperationwasgoingtostartc.shewaswellandstrongenoughd.shewentbacktoschool语篇导读本文为记叙文。唐娜有严重的心脏病，她的好朋友菲利佩喜欢她，不想让唐娜死。菲利佩曾告诉妈妈：“我要死了，我要把心交给唐娜。”一天早晨，菲利佩醒来时，头剧烈地疼痛。最终死了，他的父母很伤心，但他们告诉医生可以把菲利佩的心脏移植给唐娜，手术非常成功。菲利佩的心脏在唐娜的身上有力地跳动着，让她过着正常的生活。答案与解析16.b。根据第一段中“donnaashlock.wasverysick.shehadabadheart.”“shemusthaveanewheart，orshewilldiesoon.”和第二段中“felipecarza，15，wasworriedaboutdonna.felipewasdonnasfriend.”可知，felipe担心donna是因为donna病得厉害。故选b项。17.b。根据第一段中“donnaneedsanewheart”和“shemusthaveanewheart，orshewilldiesoon.”可知，donna需要一个新的心脏。故选b项。18.c。根据倒数第三段中的“theoperationwasasuccess.felipesheartwasbeatingindonnaschest，butdonnadidntknowit.herparentsanddoctorsdidnttellher.theywaiteduntilshewasstronger；thentheytoldheraboutfelipe.”可知，唐娜强壮起来后才知道菲利佩捐心脏的事。故选c项。beuropeanofficialshaveapprovednewrulesontheproductionandmarketingoffooddevelopedthroughgeneticengineering.reportssaytheapprovalcouldleadtotheendofaeuropeanbanonnewbiotechnologyproducts.theeuropeanparliamentapprovedtherules.parliamentmemberdavidboweofbritainproposedthenewmeasures.hecalledthemthestrongestbiotechnologyrulesintheworld.tobecomelaw，thefifteeneuropeanunionmembercountriesstillmustapprovetherules.thatprocessmaytakeeighteenmonths.thenewrulesincludestrongercontrolofgeneticallymodifiedfood，seedsanddrugproducts.theyalsorequiregovernmentstokeeppublicrecordsofwheresuchcropsaregrown.geneticengineeringisthetechnologyofchangingthegenesoflivingthings.thechangedgenedirectstheplanttodothingsitnormallycantdo.forexample，thetreatedplantsmayproducemorecrops.ortheymayresistharmfulinsects.thisreducestheneedforfarmerstousechemicalstokillinsects.theuseofgeneticengineeringinagriculturehasbeendebatedaroundtheworldinrecentyears.theunitedstatesfoodanddrugadministration，manyamericanfarmersandagriculturecompaniessaysuchcropsaresafe.butmanypeopleintheunitedstatesandothercountriesdisagree.somecountrieshaveclosedtheirmarketstoamericanfarmproductsbecauseofconcernsaboutgeneticengineering.therehavebeenlargeprotestsagainstbiotechnologycropsacrosseurope.officialsinseveraleuropeanunionmembercountriesquestionthesafetyofbiotechnologyproducts.theeuhasapprovedpermitsforfewerthantwentysuchproducts.inthepastthreeyears，europeanofficialshavestoppedapprovingpermitsbecauseofconcernsaboutpublichealthandtheenvironment.companiesproducingsuchfoodsarewaitingforapprovaltoseveralproducts.environmentalactivistshavewarnedtheeuagainstendingthebanonnewbiotechnologyproducts.onegroup，friendsoftheearth，saysthemeasuresapprovedbytheeuropeanparliamentwillnothelpthepublic，farmersortheenvironment.()19.whatistheauthorsattitudetowardgeneticallymodifiedfood？a.optimistic.b.objective.c.dissatisfied.d.curious.()20.theexampleinparagraph4ismentionedinorderto.a.listtheadvantagesofgeneticallymodifiedfoodb.makeacomparisonbetweencommonfoodandgeneticallymodifiedfoodc.explainhowgeneticengineeringisappliedtocropproductiond.explainwhygeneticallymodifiedfoodisnotsafe()21.whatcanweinferfromthepassage？a.thenewruleshavebecomelawineurope.b.theuseofgeneticengineeringinagriculturesavestheneedtousechemicalstokillinsects.c.itstillhasalongwaytogoforgeneticallymodifiedfoodtobeacceptedbytheeuropeans.d.europeancountriescaremoreaboutfoodsafetythantheusa.()22.thepassageismainlyintendedto.a.informthereadersthatnewrulesongeneticallymodifiedfoodhavebeenapprovedbytheeuropeanparliamentb.warnpeoplethatgeneticallymodifiedfoodisfarfromsafec.presentdifferentopinionsongeneticallymodifiedfoodd.giveabriefintroductionofgeneticengineering语篇导读本文属于新闻，欧洲议会通过了针对转基因食品的新规则。这一做法在欧洲引起了轩然大波。答案与解析19.b。推理判断题。纵观全文，欧洲议会通过了针对转基因食品的新规则。这一做法在欧洲引起了轩然大波，作者对转基因食品进行了客观地描述。故选b项。20.c。推理判断题。根据第四段geneticengineeringisthetechnologyofchangingthegenesoflivingthings.thechangedgenedirectstheplanttodothingsitnormallycantdo.可知，基因工程是改变生物基因的一门科学，改变之后的基因能够让作物起着本身没有的作用，后面的例子向读者解释了基因工程是如何运用于作物生产的。故选c。21.c。推理判断题。根据倒数第四段officialsinseveraleuropeanunionmembercountriesquestionthesafetyofbiotechnologyproducts.以及最后一段onegroup，friendsoftheearth，saysthemeasuresapprovedbytheeuropeanparliamentwillnothelpthepublic，farmersortheenvironment.可知，很多欧洲人对转基因食品仍持排斥态度，所以要他们接受还需要很长一段时间。b项中的savetheneedtodosth.意为“省去做某事的必要”，和原文中的reduce(减少)不是一个概念。故选c。22.a。主旨大意题。本文属于新闻报道，文章第一段指出写作目的是让读者知道欧洲议会批准了对转基因食品的新规定。故选a。三、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。tipsonbetterfamilytimenowadaysparentsandtheirchildrenarespendinglesstimecommunicatingwitheachother.23.itisreportedthatamericanparentstodayspendabout40%lesstimewiththeirchildrenthanparentsdidagenerationago.tokeepyourfamilytimecreativeandenjoyable，belowisalistofhelpfulfamilytimetips.eattogetherandlistentoeachother.sharingamealtogetherallowsparentsandtheirchildrentheopportunitytotalkabouteachotherslives.24.readoften.itisimportantforparentstoreadtotheirchildren.readingtoyourchildrencultivates(培养) aninterestinknowledge.italsoincreasestheirattentionandhelpsthembemorecurious.25.afterreading，askquestionsaboutwhatthebooksareabout.26.chooseanactivitythatyourchildrenareinterestedin.itcanopenthedoortoexcitingfamilytime.onceachildlearnsanewskill，lethimorhertaketheleadwithyourcheck.planafamilyouting.27.jumpintothefamilycarandgoforadrive.prepareapicniclunchorvisitalocalpark.alsoavisittothezooormuseumwillsparkachildsenthusiasmandleadtoalongdiscussion.a.startahobbyornewactivity.b.itisveryimportantforchildrentoexercise.c.sometimesgettingoutofthehouseisimportant.d.lookforbooksthatyourchildrenwouldenjoyreading.e.newtechnologyhasmadevideogamesmorepopularwithchildren.f.asaresult，manychildrenaregettinglesslovethantheirparentsoncegot.g.thisisalsoatimeforparentstolistentoandgiveadvicetotheirchildren.语篇导读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何搞好亲子关系，让家庭和睦。答案与解析23.f。根据上一句话nowadaysparentsandtheirchildrenarespendinglesstimecommunicatingwitheachother.可知，现在孩子和父母在一起的时间越来越少，当然得到的爱也会随之减少，故选f项。24.g。根据小标题eattogetherandlistentoeachother.以及空前内容sharingamealtogetherallowsparentsandtheirchildrentheopportunitytotalkabouteachotherslives.可知，父母和孩子一起吃饭可以增加交流的机会，其实这也是父母倾听孩子心声并给予孩子建议的时刻，故选g项。25.d。根据小标题readoften.可知，本段主要讲要多给孩子读书，d项“找些你的孩子喜欢读的书”符合语境。故选d。26.a。本空应是小标题。结合本段的内容chooseanactivitythatyourchildrenareinterestedin.可知，本段主要讲培养孩子的爱好或开始一项新的活动，所以a项符合语境。27.c。根据小标题以及空后内容jumpintothefamilycarandgoforadrive.prepareapicniclunchorvisitalocalpark.alsoavisittothezooormuseumwillsparkachildsenthusiasmandleadtoalongdiscussion.可知，本段主要讲一家人可以出游。既然要出游那么一定要去室外，所以c项符合语境。四、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。whenjohngurdonwas15，herankedlastoutofthe250boysinhisgradeatbiology.healsocameinlastforeveryothersciencesubject.histeacherwroteina28，“ibelievehehasideasaboutbecominga29；fromhispresentperformancethisisquitefoolish.”luckilytheteacherswordsdidnt30gurdonsloveforscience.hekeptworkinghard.hewenttolabsearlierandleft31thananyoneelse.finallyherealizedhisdream.onoct.8，2012，64yearslater，thebritishprofessor32thenobelprizeinphysiologyormedicine.japanesescientistshinyayamanakahadcontributedtotheresearchandtherefore33theaward.gurdongotthehonor34hisresearchintocellsandcloning.whenhewasstudyingatoxford，hedidsome35oncells.hetookacellfromanadultfrog，moveditsgenes36，andputthemintoaneggcell.theeggcellthen37intoacloneoftheadultfrog.hisresearch38forthefirsttimethateverycellinthebodycontainsthesamegenes.atthattime，manypeoplecouldnt39gurdonsidea.butlaterithelpedto40dollythesheepin1996，thefirstclonedmammalinhistory.italsoledtoimportantfindingsinthe41useofcells.forexample，cellsfromsomeonesskincan42intoanytypeoftissueinthebody.thisisgoodnewsforthose43whohavediseasedordamagedtissue.gurdonalwaysremembersthe44hehadwhenhewas15.heevenputsthereportonhisdeskasadaily45tohimself.“whenyouhaveproblems，likeanexperimentwhichdoesntwork，its46toremindyourselfthatperhapsyouarenotsogoodatyourjobandtheteachermaybe47，”hesaid.however，thefactssuggestgurdonisprettygoodindeed.()28.a.reportb.letterc.passaged.program()29.a.musicianb.scientistc.managerd.millionaire()30.a.stopb.condemnc.inspired.reunite()31.a.soonerb.laterc.morehurriedlyd.morehappily()32.a.wonb.foundedc.dreamedofd.appliedfor()33.a.receivedb.refusedc.collectedd.shared()34.a.insteadofb.inspiteofc.becauseofd.inplaceof()35.a.readingb.writingc.operationd.research()36.a.suddenlyb.secretlyc.carefullyd.casually()37.a.cutb.grewc.changedd.formed()38.a.predictedb.studiedc.provedd.presented()39.a.acceptb.admitc.avoidd.ignore()40.a.saveb.discoverc.feedd.create()41.a.commercialb.medicalc.physicald.illegal()42.a.turnb.disappearc.breakd.send()43.a.inventorsb.artistsc.patientsd.doctors()44.a.friendb.teacherc.classmated.neighbor()45.a.regulationb.routinec.reminderd.reward()46.a.potentialb.complicatedc.roughd.nice()47.a.rightb.wrongc.wised.silly语篇导读本文是一篇记叙文。johngurdon曾是全年级成绩最差的学生，但是他通过自己的不懈努力证明了自己，并在研究细胞和克隆方面取得了巨大成就，获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。答案与解析28.a。考查名词。句意：他的老师在一篇报道中写道。a.report报告，报道；b.letter信；c.passage一段文章；d.program程序，计划。从文章倒数第三段“heevenputsthereportonhisdesk”可知，空后是老师在报告里写的内容，故选a。29.b。考查名词。句意：我相信他有成为科学家的想法。a.musician音乐家；b.scientist科学家；c.manager管理人员；d.millionaire百万富豪。从下文中的“gurdonsloveforscience”可推知，老师认为他有成为科学家的想法，故选b。30.a。考查动词。句意：幸运的是，老师的话并没有阻止戈登对科学的热爱。a.stop停止；b.condemn谴责；c.inspire激发；d.reunite使重聚。根据下文中的“hekeptworkinghard”可知，老师的话并没有阻止他对科学的热爱。故选a。31.b。考查副词的比较级。句意：他比其他人更早去实验室，更晚离开。a.sooner更快地，更早地；b.later更迟地；c.morehurriedly更匆忙地；d.morehappily更开心地。根据语境并结合空前的earlier和空后的than可知，他去实验室比别人早而离开却比别人晚。故选b。32.a。考查动词(短语)。句意：64年后的2012年10月8日，这位英国教授获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。a.won赢得；b.founded建立；c.dreamedof梦到；d.appliedfor申请。根据语境并结合下文中的“gurdongotthehonor”可知，这位英国教授获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。故选a。33.d。考查动词。句意：日本科学家山中伸弥(shinyayamanaka)为这项研究做出了贡献，因此他与这位科学家分享了这个奖项。a.received收到；b.refused拒绝；c.collected收藏；d.shared分享。根据空前的“japanesescientistshinyayamanakahadcontributedtotheresearch”可知，他们两个人都对这项研究有贡献，结合选项可知，d项符合语境。故选d。34.c。考查介词短语。句意：戈登获得这项荣誉是因为他对细胞和克隆的研究。a.insteadof反而；b.inspiteof尽管；c.becauseof因为；d.inplaceof代替。根据空前的“gurdongotthehonor”以及空后的“hisresearchintocellsandcloning”可知，这个荣誉是因为他对细胞和克隆的研究，故选c。35.d。考查名词。句意：当他在牛津大学学习时，他对细胞做了一些研究。a.reading阅读；b.writing写作；c.operation操作；d.research研究。根据上文中的“hisresearchintocells”和空后的oncells可知，此处表示他对细胞做过一些研究。故选d。36.c。考查副词。句意：他从一只成年青蛙身上取出一个细胞，小心翼翼地移动它的基因，然后把它们放进一个卵细胞里。a.suddenly突然；b.secretly秘密地；c.carefully小心翼翼地；d.casually随便地。根据语境并结合选项可知，空处应表示“小心翼翼地”，故选c项。37.b。考查动词。句意：卵细胞随后成长为成年青蛙的克隆体。a.cut削减；b.grew成长；c.changed改变；d.formed形成。根据空前的theeggcell和下文中的“intoacloneoftheadultfrog”可知，卵细胞成长为成年青蛙的克隆体。故选b。38.c。考查动词。句意：他的研究首次证明，人体的每个细胞都含有相同的基因。a.predicted预测；b.studied学习，研究；c.proved证明；d.presented提出。根据空后的内容可知，空后为研究得出的结论，再结合选项可知，c项符合语境。故选c。39.a。考查动词。句意：当时，很多人不能接受戈登的想法。a.accept接受；b.admit承认；c.avoid避免；d.ignore忽视。根据下文中的“butlaterithelped”可知，空处应表示当时很多人不能接受gurdon的观点。故选a。40.d。考查动词。句意：但后来，它在1996年帮助创造了多利羊，这是历史上第一个克隆哺乳动物。a.save保存；b.discover发现；c.feed喂养；d.create创造。根据空后的“thefirstclonedmammal”并结合常识可知，克隆羊dolly是被科学家创造出来的。故选d。41.b。考查形容词。句意：这也导致了细胞在医学上的重要发现。a.commercial商业的；b.medical医学的；c.physical身体的；d.illegal违法的。根据下文中所列举的例子可知，此处表示gurdon的观点也使细胞在医学方面的应用有了重大发现。故选b。42.a。考查动词。句意：例如，某人皮肤上的细胞可以转化为身体的任何组织。a.turn转变；turninto变成；b.disappear消失；c.break打破；breakinto闯入；d.send派遣。根据语境可知，此处指人皮肤里的细胞可以变成身体的任何一种组织。故选a。43.c。考查名词。句意：这对那些患有疾病或组织受损的病人来说是个好消息。a.inventors发明家；b.artists艺术家；c.patients病人；d.doctors医生。根据空后的“whohavediseasedordamagedtissue”可知，空处应指病人。故选c。44.b。考查名词。句意：戈登总是记得他15岁时的老师。a.friend朋友；b.teacher老师；c.classmate同班同学；d.neighbor邻居。根据空后的“whenhewas15”并结合第一段内容可知，空处应指他15岁时的老师。故选b。45.c。考查名词。句意：他甚至把报告放在桌子上，每天提醒自己。a.regulation规则；b.routine惯例；c.reminder提醒人的事物；d.reward报酬。根据空前的“heevenputsthereportonhisdesk”可推测，他这么做的目的是提醒他自己。故选c。46.d。考查形容词。句意：他说：“当你遇到问题的时候，比如做了一个不成功的实验，你最好提醒自己，也许你并不擅长自己所做的工作，老师可能是对的。”a.potential潜在的；b.complicated复杂的；c.rough粗糙的；d.nice美好的。根据语境并结合选项可知，假如实验不成功，要提醒自己也许自己在工作方面还不是非常擅长就好了。故选d。47.a。考查形容词。句意：他说：“当你遇到问题的时候，比如做了一个不成功的实验，你最好提醒自己，也许你并不擅长自己的工作，老师可能是对的。”a.right正确的；b.wrong错误的；c.wise明智的；d.silly愚蠢的。根据语境并结合空前的“perhapsyouarenotsogoodatyourjob”可知，此处表示老师可能是正确的。故选a。五、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。once，anoldandstrangescientistdecidedtousethecloningproceduretomake48.cloneofhisbosssdog.hewasworkingontheassumptionthatifheproducedacloneofthedog，hisbosswouldapprovehispromotion.themanstirred(搅拌)hismixture49.containedthedogshair.ifhiscolleaguesheardabouthiseffortstheywouldbesure50.(stop) him.theycouldneverresistanopportunityofsayingthathewastoooldtoworkinthecloninglaboratory.hedidmake51.(mistake) fromtimetotime，butonlylastweekhesucceededinrestoringa52.(die) mousetolifeasaclone.so，whynotcloneadog？ashewasthinking，themixturethickened.hestaredati