（新课标）2021高考英语一轮总复习 语法十一、定语从句教案 牛津译林版

十一、定语从句对应学生用书p187在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1(2019全国卷)nowireneastburyworksfrom9am.to5pm.dailyatthepetshopinmacclesfield, _sheopenedwithherlatehusbandles.2(2019全国卷)theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.3(2019浙江卷)ontheedgeofthejacket, thereisapieceofcloth_givesofflightinthedark.4(2019北京卷)thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose_aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife, takingfulladvantageofthecollegeschancesandresources(资源)5(2018全国卷)twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014_showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.6(2018全国卷)thechineseministryofagriculturefindsthatbetween2005whenthegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogram_givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmersand2011, fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.答案与解析1which。考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为thepetshop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。2who。考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故填关系词who。3that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为apieceofcloth，且定语从句缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。4who/that。考查定语从句。从大学受益最多的学生是那些完全投入到学术生活中并充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，其先行词指人，空处在从句中做主语，故填who/that。5that/which。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为astudy，且定语从句缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。6that/which。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句。asoiltestingprogram是先行词，指物，且定语从句缺少主语，故填关系代词，that/which。对应学生用书p187(一)概述定语从句，在句中用来修饰名词或代词(有时可以是句子)。这个从句所修饰的词叫先行词，从句由一个连接词连接，这个连接词叫作关系词(即关系代词或关系副词)。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。关系副词在句中充当状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式。定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。(二)关系词一览名称关系代词关系副词形式whowhomwhichthatwhose(ofwhom/which)whenwherewhy指代范围人人物人，物(人)的(物)的时间地点原因在从句中的作用主语表语宾语宾语主语表语宾语主语表语宾语定语状语状语状语(三)定语从句的各种形式名称例句解说限制性定语从句theboywhotalkedtomeismyclassmate.theboy(whom)yousawismyclassmate.theboywhoseparentsareabroadismyclassmate.september1stisthedaywhenschoolbegins.thatistheschoolwhereistudy.thisisthereasonwhyhewasabsentfromclass.inthosedaysthat/whichfollowed, weworkedveryhard.thisistheschoolthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.doyouknowthereasonwhich/thatheexplainedtotheboss？(1)这类从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。(2)在从句中做宾语的关系代词可省略。(3)左边第四句中的“when”相当于“on which”；第五句中的“where”相当于“in which”；第六句中的“why”相当于“for which”。(4)有时，定语从句的先行词表时间、地点、原因等，但指代它的关系词却在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，这时，引导定语从句的仍然只能是关系代词，而不能用关系副词。如左边的最后三个例子。非限制性定语从句iliketochatwithjohn, whoisacleverfellow.ithad1，100students, manyofwhomlaterwentintothecountryside.thatismyroom, whosewindowisopen.hepassedtheexam, whichwasunexpected.themeetingwillbeputofftillnextweek, whenthosefellowswillbeback.wethenmovedtoparis, wherewehavelivedforsixyears.(1)这种从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后不影响整个句子的含义。(2)不能用关系代词that引导。(3)引导从句的关系词不能省略。(4)非限制性定语从句的先行词若是前面一整句话，关系代词则用which，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。特殊句式ihavethesamebookasyou(have).mybookisthesameasyours(is).ifoundthesamebookthatyoulostyesterday.(1)关系代词as/that分别引导定语从句，其先行词是thesame或thesame所修饰的名词。(2)thesame.as.指“同一类(似)”事物；thesame.that.指“同一个”，即该事物本身。suchbooksasyouboughtareuseless.peoplesuchasyoudescribearerarenowadays.as引导定语从句修饰先行词such或such.。heatisaformofenergy, asisknowntoallofus.asourteacherpointsout, thatbookisofbenefittoeveryone.as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句末，句中或句首。idontliketheway (that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.thatistheway(that/which) youlllearnabout.(1)表方式的名词way做先行词时，引导定语从句且在从句中充当状语的关系词可用that或inwhich(即含“in the way”之意)，亦可省略。(2)但如果代替way的关系代词在定语从句中做宾语，则可用that或which，亦可省略。(四)介词关系代词(prep.which/whom)用法例句注释介词的位置位于从句末，远离关系代词heisaneasygoingperson (whom) allliketomakefriendswith.thetool(that/which) heisworkingwithiscalledahammer.关系代词做介词的宾语，远离介词的关系代词可以省略。位于从句前，关系代词紧跟介词thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledahammer.thisistheschoolinwhichistudy.紧跟介词的关系代词不可省略。介词的选择根据先行词theplaceinwhichasportsfieldwillbebuiltisverybeautiful.“in”表“在之处”。根据谓语动词wehaveseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty, towhomwegavesomegifts.“to”出自“give sth. to sb.”。根据句子意思thegirlmadeaholeinthewall, throughwhichshecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutside.“through”含“通过(那个洞)”之意。根据所属关系thejourneytookherfourmonths, ofwhichthesailingtimewas79days.“of”表“其(四个月之)中”。代替关系副词thereasonforwhichhewasabsentisthathewasill.“for which”可换成关系副词“why”。(五)关系代词that与which的区别区别例句常用关系代词that的情况当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme? 当先行词被all, any, few, little, no, not, every, each等修饰时ihavefewbooksthatareverygood.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时thebiggestbirdthaticaughtisthisbird.thisisthefirstbookthatiboughtmyself.当先行词被thevery, thelast, thenext, theonly等修饰时thisistheverybookthatilostyesterday.当先行词有两个，一个指人一个指物时theguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawatthechildrenspalace.当主句中含有疑问词which时whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme？当先行词在主句中做表语，且关系代词在从句中也做表语时chinaisntthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.当主句以therebe.结构开头时thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.常用关系代词which的情况在非限制性定语从句中maryhasabook, whichisveryp