（新课标）2021高考英语一轮总复习 书面表达 造句夯基教案 牛津译林版

书面表达 造句夯基【p201】1简单句的五种基本结构。学写文章，先学造句。学英语造句，从简单句开始是个办法。所谓简单句，就是只含有一个简单主谓结构的句子。下面是我们简单句的五种基本结构。(1)主谓结构thecarstopped.tomdied.theboyworkshard.这类句子的谓语动词大多是不及物动词。(2)主系表结构heisateacher.thedishsmellsgood.itlooksfine.这类句子的谓语动词是连系动词。连系动词的主要功能是：表存在。如：be, remain, etc.表持续。如：continue, keep, stay, etc.表感知。如：appear, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, etc.表发展变化。如：become, come, get, go, grow, turn, etc.(3)主谓宾结构theyenjoytheplay.thestudentsstudyenglish.这类句子的谓语动词是及物动词，对其后的宾语起支配作用。(4)主谓间宾直宾结构fathergavemesomemoney.fathergavesomemoneytome.这类句子中有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。一般说来，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这种双宾语式的结构通常可换成介词结构。与give类似的动词常有：allow, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, promise, refuse, return, show, take, tell, throw, write, etc.motherboughtmeabook.motherboughtabookforme.与buy类似的动词常有：book, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, make, order, pay, read, save, spare, etc.(5)主谓宾宾补结构ifoundtheapplesweat.wemadehimmonitor.hefoundtheteacherout.hefeelseverythingingoodcondition.mothertoldmetoseegrandparents.fatherletmegotoseethefilm.someonesawtheboywanderinginthestreet.themanhadthewindowbroken.这类句子中的宾语补足语可以是：形容词；名词；副词；介词短语；不定式；不定式省to；现在分词；过去分词。能在这类句子中做谓语的动词有：表示感官的feel, find, hear, notice, observe, see, watch; 表示使役的get, have, let, leave, make以及help, want, believe, think, suppose, etc.学会了简单句，也就学会了最基本的表达方式。从学习简单句的过程中，体会到学会动词的使用至关重要动词决定句型。因此要在动词学习上狠下功夫。2therebe结构。学习造句，自然就会接触到又一个常用句型：“there be.”结构。这里的“there”被称为引导词，be表“存在”的意义，成了实义动词。常译成“某时某地有什么”的句式。这个句型简单易学，对于我们初学写作的人特别有用。使用时要注意以下几点：(1)主谓要保持数的一致若作语法分析，这种句型属于一种倒装句。there是引导词，不做成分，be是谓语动词，紧跟其后的名词做句子的主语。be用单数还是复数，由最接近它的那个名词(即主语)决定。例如：thereisacomputerinthatoffice.therearemanybooksinthedesk.thereisatelephoneandmanytextbooksonthedesk.therearemanybooksandatelephoneonthedesk.(2)therebe结构可以采用多种时态形式及各类情态动词例如：therewasameetingattheclubyesterday.thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchthisafternoon.therewillbeagoodriceharvestthisyear.therehasnotbeenanyrainforsomedays.theremaybeanotherheavyraintonight.theremustbesomethingwrongintheircountry.thereusedtobeacinemahere.(3)除了be之外，therebe结构还可以用其他动词例如：onceuponatimetherelivedakinginchina.therecameabusthen.thereflowsariveraroundthevillage.therefliesaflagonthetopofthebuilding.【p201】一、汉译英。1会议将持续两个小时。_2一切看来都不同了。_3我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。_4请把那本字典递给我好吗？_5他每个月理一次发。_6这事好像有点儿不大对头。_答案1themeetingwilllasttwohours.2everythinglooksdifferent.3ireceivedaletterfrommypenpalinaustralia.4wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5hehashishaircuteverymonth.6thereseemstobesomethingwrongaboutit.二、连词成句(陈述句)。1tree/the/has/taller/than/much/before/grown2kind/this/tastes/of/delicious/food3plans/in/may/day/she/to/the/coming/travel4i/dont/know/i/next/should/what/do5bought/her/a/dictionary/for/father/her/a/as/present/birthday6parents/my/money/leave/some/me7father/to/street/told/not/in/his/play/him/the8should/you/room/tidy/keep/the/clean/and_9there/who/clothes/an/emperor/cared/lived/more/for_10comes/the/there/at/door/a/knock_答案1thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.2thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.3sheplanstotravelinthecomingmayday.4idontknowwhatishoulddonext.5herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.6myparentsleavemesomemoney.7hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.8youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.9therelivedanemperorwhocaredmoreforclothes.10therecomesaknockatthedoor.三、改写句子结构，使句子原意不变(用介词for/to或删除介词for/to)。1robinsoncrusoemadehimselfaboat._2myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike._3thistermihavewrittenmyparentsthreeletters._4maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster._5willyoupleasegetanewcopyforme? _6mothercooksbreakfastforuseveryday._7hedidmeabigfavor._8hepaidtheshopkeepersomemoney._9hesoldallhisbookstome._10thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertotheman._答案1robinsoncrusoemadeaboatforhimself.2myfatherhasboughtanewbikeforme.3thistermihavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.4maryhandedtheschoolmasterthewallet.5willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?6mothercooksusbreakfasteveryday.7hedidabigfavorforme.8hepaidsomemoneytotheshopkeeper.9hesoldmeallhisbooks.10thewaiterbroughtthemanabottleofbeer.【p202】语言是丰富多彩的。人们讲话不可能每句都是一个主谓结构，即不可能将一个简单句用到底，只不过是在认识简单句的基本结构之后，就找到了一块遣词造句的敲门砖。下面让我们探讨一下句子的扩大方式，首先不妨从分析和拓展句子成分入手。1主语的扩展heisright.(代词做主语)thestudentisright.(名词做主语)hiswords/actionsareright.(带定语的名词做主语)hissaying/doinglikethatisright.(动名词的复合结构做主语)itisrightforhimtosay/dothat.(真正的主语是不定式结构)itisrightthathesays/doesthat.(that从句做主语)whathesays/doesisright.(wh从句做主语)以上七句话的意思差不多，但主语的形式却有差异。写作时可以结合上下文及整个文体表达的需要选用不同的表达方式。2表语的扩展thosewhohelpedtheoldmanarestudents.(名词做表语)wherehelivesisexcellent.(形容词做表语)hewasintheofficethatmorning.(介词短语做表语)seeingisbelieving.(动名词做表语)theyseemtohavecomehere.(不完式做表语)whathesaysiswhathedoes.(wh从句做表语)hisadviceisthatyoushouldstudyenglishwell.(that从句做表语)thatishowhestudiesenglish.(wh从句做表语)3宾语的扩展sheisexpectingatestresult.(名词做宾语)theywonthurtus.(代词做宾语)doeshereallymeantoleavehome？(不定式做宾语)hestoppedsmokinglastmonth.(动名词做宾语)doestomunderstandwhatimean？(wh从句做宾语)itoldhimthatheshouldcomeatonce.(双宾语中可能有从句做直接宾语)注：(1)接不定式做宾语的动词主要有：agree，ask，afford，decide，determine，expect，fail，hope，happen，long，manage，offer，promise，want，wish，etc.(2)接动名词做宾语的动词主要有advise，admit，avoid，appreciate，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，stop，suggest，etc.及以介词结尾的短语动词。(3)如果不定式、动名词短语或从句做宾语而又带有宾语补足语，则须用it做形式宾语，置于谓语动词与宾补之间，而将真宾语todo/ving短语或宾语从句置于句末。形成“主语谓语it宾补todo/ving/从句”句型。这类句型的谓语动词主要有：think，believe，suppose，consider，take，make, etc.例如：ithinkitimportantforustostudyenglishwell.isupposeitnousesayingthatagain.ibelieveitnecessarythatyoushouldrespectyourparents.4主谓结构加状语thecarstoppedjustnow.thecarimmediatelystopped.thecarstoppedatthegate.thecarstoppedwhenthepolicemanwentup.一般来说，句子中的状语，要么修饰谓语动词，要么修饰整个句子。其位置比较灵活，可置于被修饰的结构之前，亦可置于之后。5在句子中加定语thedish(over)theresmellsgood.(副词做定语)thedishonthetablesmellsgood.(介词短语做定语)thedishlyingonthetablesmellsgood.(现在分词短语做定语)thedishplacedonthetablesmellsgood.(过去分词短语做定语)thedishbeingcookedsmellsgood.(现在分词做定语)thedishmothercookedsmellsgood.(从句做定语)thevegetariandishsmellsgood.(形容词做定语)值得注意的是定语的位置很重要。单个的词做定语，置于被修饰的名词之前，这和汉语一样；而副词，从句，及各种短语做定语，要置于被修饰的名词之后，这些就和汉语不同。6学会用并列结构扩大句子thetruckisnotnewbutingoodcondition.boththestudentsandtheteachersaregoingtothetheater.eitheryoucomeinorgoout，dontbeintheway.goforwardsteadily，lookingneitherleftnorright.ontheonehand，hedoesntlikethejob.butontheotherhand，hecantgetabetterone.sotheboyisnothappy.ourteachersareexperiencedaswellasintelligent.高中阶段学过不少的并列连词及词组。如果能恰当地用来写好并列句，将会给自己的习作扩容不小。例如：and，also，aswellas，both.and.，either.or.，notonly.butalso.，neither.nor.，besides，butfor，ontheonehand.ontheotherhand，therefore，while，etc.【p203】一、根据中文意思，补全句子。1弄丢了那条昂贵的项链让玛丽非常难过。_mademaryverysad.2什么时候开会还不知道。_isunknown.3我今天感觉好多了。ifeel_today.4病人脱险了。thepatientis_.5他设法逃避惩罚。hetriedtoescape_.6他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。theyhavent_wherethemeetingistotakeplace.7他常常坐在我院礼堂的前排。heoftensits_inourassemblyhall.8因为下雨运动会被推迟了。thegamewaspostponed_.9那个穿黑衣服的男人是我们的物理老师，布朗先生。theman_ismr.brown，ourphysicsteacher.10我们没有什么好担心的。wehavenothing_.答案1losingtheexpensivenecklace2whentohavethemeeting3muchbetter4outofdanger5beingpunished6madeitknown7inthefrontrow8becauseofrain9inblack10toworryabout二、按括号内提供的词或词组，合成一个句子。1fanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehours.theyhadalookatthesportsstars.(sothat)_2mycousincametoseeme.shebroughtmeafullbasketoffreshfruits.(and) _3johnwasfacedwithabillfor$10，000.hehastakenanextrajob.(as) _4theroomisverybig.itcanholdalotofpeople.(so.that.) _5thegirlisveryyoung.shecantdressherself.(too.to.) _6youregoingtogotobedlate.youwillgetuplate.(if) _7hehasbeenworkingforfourhours.heisverytirednow.(so) _8janemustbeverydisappointed.shedidntpassthedrivingtestagain.(because) _9shewillleave.iwillleave.(notonly.butalso.) _10jonsonsmotherdidntspeakenglish.jonsonsfatherdidntspeakenglish.(neither.nor.) _答案1fanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehourssothattheyhadalookatthesportsstars.2mycousincametoseemeandbroughtmeafullbasketoffreshfruits.3ashewasfacedwithabillfor$10，000, johnhastakenanextrajob.4theroomissobigthatitcanholdalotofpeople.5thegirlistooyoungtodressherself.6ifyougotobedlate，youwillgetuplate.7hehasbeenworkingforfourhourssoheisverytirednow.8janemustbeverydisappointedbecauseshedidntpassthedrivingtestagain.9notonlyshebutalsoiwillleave.10neitherjonsonsmothernorjonsonsfatherspokeenglish.【p204】学生对英语的学习及驾驭能力体现在有限的知识范围内可以最大限度地调动各种手法把句子写活，使文章生动。仔细阅读下列各组句子，品味同一个意思用多种表达方式所产生的语言效果。1运用丰富多彩的词汇。例如：她英文很好。sheknowsenglishverywell.shehasagoodcommandofenglish.shehasagoodknowledgeofenglish.她对集邮很感兴趣。sheisveryinterestedincollectingstamps.shetakesagreatinterestincollectingstamps.我们在回家的路上遇上了大雨。itrainedhardonourwayhome.wewerecaughtinhardrainonthewayhome.theheavyrainkissedusonthewayhome.2.运用多样化的句式。例如：昨天下午他5：00才回来。hecamehereat5pm.yesterday.hedidnotcomehereuntil5pm.yesterday.notuntil5pm.didhecomehereyesterday.itwasnotuntil5pm.thathecamehereyesterday.3结合丰富的词汇及多样化的句式。例如：(1)下班以后，他匆忙回家。hehurriedtoleavehisofficeforhishomeafterwork.afterwork，helefthisoffice，hurryinghome.assoonashefinishedhiswork，helefthisofficeandhurriedhome.themomenthefinishedhistask，hewenthomeinahurry.havingaccomplishedhistask，hearrivedhomehurriedly.afterhecompletedhistask，hegothomeinahurriedway.(2)昨天他生病了，没有上学。用并列句hewasillsohedidntgotoschoolyesterday.hewasnotquitehimselfyesterdaysohedidntattendtheclass.hefellillandthereforehefailedtoattendtheclassyesterday.用定语从句thereasonwhyhewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasill.用状语从句hewassobadlysickthathefailedtogotoschoolyesterday.hesufferedfromsuchanillnessthathedidntcometoclassyesterday.hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaybecausehegotsick.ashewasillyesterday，hefailedtogotoschool.用名词性从句thathedidntattendtheclassyesterdayresultedfromhisillness.itresultedfromhisillnessthathedidntgotoschoolyesterday.hisillnessshowed/suggestedthathecouldntgotoschoolyesterday.thefactthathefailedtoattendtheclassyesterdaywasthathefellill.thatreasonwhyhewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathefellill.用非谓语动词hewastoosicktoattendtheclassyesterday.hisbeingsickledtohisabsencefromclassyesterday.hisnotattendingtheclasswasinthathewasill.hisbeingunabletoattendtheclassyesterdaywasduetohisillness.beingill，hewasabsentfromclassyesterday.用各种短语hisillnessprevented/kept/stoppedhimfromattendingtheclassyesterday.hisbeingsickledtohisabsencefromclassyesterday.hisabsencefromclassyesterdayresultedfrom(his) beingill.itcamefromhisillnessthathemissedhisclassyesterday.hisillnessresultedinhisfailingtoattendtheclassyesterday.hemissedhisclassyesterdayforhisillness.hisfailuretocometoclassyesterdaywasduetohisillness.becauseof/owingtohisillness，hefailedtoattendtheclass.butforhissickness，hewouldhaveattendedtheclassyesterday.withhissickness，hemissedtheclassyesterday.用特殊句型itwashisillnessthatcosthimnottoattendtheclassyesterday.itwasbecauseofhisillnessthathefailedtogotoschoolyesterday.itwasbecausehewasinpoorhealththathefailedtogotoschoolyesterday.hadhenotbeenill，hewouldhaveattendedtheclassyesterday.onlybecausehefellilldidhefailtogotoschoolyesterday.【p204】一、用所给提示翻译句子。1我发现这里的食物美味又便宜。(both.and.) _2我同桌认为学英语的最佳方法是通过大声朗读。(thebestwaytodo.) _3看来没有人知道这件事。(seem) _4大多数年轻人都想为自己的梦想而努力工作。(wouldlike) _5务必在六点之前完成所有的工作。(besureto.) _6无论我说什么，他总是不同意。(whatever) _7玛丽喜欢流行音乐胜过古典音乐。(prefer.to.) _8我离开家乡已十年了。(since) _9这是他第一次用英语写作。(itis/wasthefirsttime.that.) _10政府有必要对这个问题采取措施。(itisadj.forsb.todosth.) _答案1ifindthefoodhereisbothdeliciousandcheap.2mydeskmatethinksthebestwaytolearnenglishisbyreadingaloud.3itseemsnobodyknowsthisthing.4mostofteenagerswouldliketoworkhardfortheirdreams.5besuretofinishalltheworkbysixoclock.6whateverisay，healwaysdisagrees.7marypreferspopmusictoclassicalmusic.8ithasbeentenyearssinceileftmyhometown.9