高中情态动词课件.ppt

策划：学生双语报,1,情态动词(一）,modalverbs,Grammar,策划：学生双语报,2,情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语只作情态动词的can/could,may/might,oughtto，must可情态可实义的need,dare/dared可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would相当于情态动词的haveto,usedto,策划：学生双语报,3,情态动词,表示推测,不表示推测,cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughtto,havetodare(darent)need(neednt)usedto,策划：学生双语报,4,e.g.IdontlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.,1.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,must表示“应该”,策划：学生双语报,5,2.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或donthaveto，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”,e.g.MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.,Youmustntgetoffwhilethecarisstillmoving.,策划：学生双语报,6,must表推测,1.must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。,e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。,Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecomputer.,你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧.,Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.,策划：学生双语报,7,1.must+bedoing/do表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测,e.g.他现在一定在看小说.,Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.,他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱.,Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.,策划：学生双语报,8,2.must+havedone表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业。,Theyareplayingbasketball,theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.,路是湿的.昨天晚上一定下雨了.,Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.,策划：学生双语报,9,3.对现在或将来情况推测：must+动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用cant和can。e.g.Hemusttellalie.Canhetellalie?Hecanttellalie.*must-should/oughttomay-might/could+do可能性依次减弱,策划：学生双语报,10,(对过去情况推测：mustmay,might+完成时。)e.g.Youmusthavemethimbefore.mustmaymight可能性依次减弱must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用cant/couldnt和can/could。e.g.Could/Canithavehappenedlastnight?Itcouldnt/canthavehappenedlastnight.,策划：学生双语报,11,1.must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”。Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughtermustgoanddotheopposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情.,must的特殊用法,策划：学生双语报,12,Hemustbereading,isnthe?Youmustdoityourself,dontyou?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasnthe?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didntit?,2.表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,策划：学生双语报,13,can,could和beableto表能力,e.g.Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.,1.can,beableto都可表示“能力”,Can的主语是人或物,beableto的主语只能是人,策划：学生双语报,14,can,could和beableto表能力,e.g.Wellbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaventbeenabletoseethefilm.,2.can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。,could用于表示泛指过去的能力。e.g.IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.,策划：学生双语报,15,Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.,3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。,e.g.HewasabletoescapefromEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimbeforehegottired.,表示过去的能力,策划：学生双语报,16,can/could表示推测,1.can/could表示推测时，一般用在否定句或疑问句中。用在肯定句中表示客观可能性,e.g.Itssolate.CanTombereading?,CanitbeMr.Green?,这个人不可能是玛丽，她生病了。,ItcantbeMary.Shehasfallenill.,她不可能在说谎。,Itcanbehotinsummerhere.,策划：学生双语报,17,2.cant/couldnthavedone对过去发生行为的可能性进行推测:,刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。,Isawhimjustnowsohecouldnthavegoneabroad.,门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。,Thedoorwaslocked.,Shecouldnthavebeenathome.,策划：学生双语报,18,3.couldhavedone“本可以，本来可能已经”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断（虚拟）.,e.g.你本来可以考的更好。,Youcouldhavehadabettermark.,策划：学生双语报,19,1.在疑问句中could比can更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。e.g.Canyouwaitamomentplease?Excuseme,couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme.(请求),can和could表示请求和许可,策划：学生双语报,20,cannot.too.;cannot.enough.“再怎么也不为过”e.g.Youcannotbetoocarefulwhencrossingtheroad.,can的特殊用法,策划：学生双语报,21,may/might表示推测,1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。,e.g.她们明天可能会到这里来。,Theymaycomeheretomorrow.,他们可能还在等我们呢。,Theymaybestillwaitingforus.,策划：学生双语报,22,2.might可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。,e.g.他也许在做功课吧。,Hemightbedoinghishomeworknow.,我问他我是否可以离开。,IaskedhimifImightleave.,Iaskedhim“MayIleavenow?”,策划：学生双语报,23,3.might/mayhavedone,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。,e.g.他可能去医务室了。,Hemayhavegonetotheclinic.,他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,Hemighthavereadaboutthenewsinthenewspaper.,策划：学生双语报,24,1）may表示许可，表示允许别人做某事，也可征求对方的许可。MayIopenthedoor?Wemaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveanicetrip!,may和might的其他用法,策划：学生双语报,25,3）mighthavedone“本可以，本来可能已经”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断（虚拟）.,4）may/mightaswell不妨你不妨试试泰国菜吧。YoumayaswelltryThailandfoodinstead.,策划：学生双语报,26,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must,对将来对现在对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,可以用not表示“可能不”,策划：学生双语报,27,Will/Wouldyoudo?(表请求would更委婉)表意志，愿望，决心would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”usedto表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常”usedto可于状态动词连用would不可以e.g.Heusedtobeaquietboy.()Hewouldbeaquietboy.(),will/would,策划：学生双语报,28,shall,1.shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。e.g.1)Youshallgowithme.(命令)2)YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)2.shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。e.g.4)Shallwebeginourclass?（征求意见）5)WhenshallMikebeabletoleavehospital?(请示),策划：学生双语报,29,3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“Theinterest_bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall,策划：学生双语报,30,1.用于表达合理推断e.g.Itisthreeoclock,thefootballgameshouldbeginnow.Marytookdancinglessonsforyears,sheshouldbeanexcellentdancer.,should的用法,策划：学生双语报,31,e.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.,2.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替oughtto。,策划：学生双语报,32,3.should可表示“居然，竟然”。,e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。Icantbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.,策划：学生双语报,33,e.g.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldnthaveleftwithoutsayingaword.,4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到但没有做到(虚拟)”,用于否定则表示“本不该但”oughtto的语气更强烈.,策划：学生双语报,34,should引导的be型虚拟,“一个坚持两个命令三个建议四个要求”即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire,策划：学生双语报,35,我们建议Tom去休息一下。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.他坚决要求我到场。HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,策划：学生双语报,36,oughtto用法,1.表示推测Heoughttobehomebynow.2.表示应该Humansoughttostoppollutingnature.,策划：学生双语报,37,NeedIdo?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.,dare&need,策划：学生双语报,38,考点突破,策划：学生双语报,39,1.could(不用can)+havedone,在肯定句中表示“本来能够而没能”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。,1.Icouldhavepassedmyexameasily,butImadetoomanystupidmistakes.我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。2.Youcouldhavereportedtomeearlier.你本该早点告诉我的。,策划：学生双语报,40,2.should/oughtto+havedone用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。,1.Youshouldhavetoldhimaweekago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2.Yououghtnottohavetakenthemagazineoutofthereadingroom.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。,策划：学生双语报,41,3.might（不用may）+havedone表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。,1.Youmightnothavetoldher.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）2.Youmighthavecomeearlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）,策划：学生双语报,42,4.neednt+havedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。,1.Sheneednthavegonetothestationyesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）2.Youneednthaveboughtit.你本可不必买它的。（你买了）,策划：学生双语报,43,策划：学生双语报,44,1.Idontknowwheresheis,she_beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher_ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It_lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother_foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,mustbemarking,musthaverained,musthavebeenlooking,策划：学生双语报,45,Practice1:高考考题专练1.Ithoughtyou_likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?I_it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost3.Ididnthearthephone.I_asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen,B,D,B,策划：学生双语报,46,4.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourneyA.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen5.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.could,D,C,策划：学生双语报,47,6.-Didthetrainarriveintime?-No.It_twohoursago.A.musthavearrivedB.oughttohavearrivedC.mustarriveD.oughttoarrive7.MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?No,.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt,B,C,策划：学生双语报,48,8.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended,B,策划：学生双语报,49,9.You_suchalongcomposition.Theteacheronlyaskedfor300words.Youhavewritten600.A.mustnthavewrittenB.couldnthavewrittenC.neednthavewrittenD.donothavetowrite10.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.oughtto,C,A,策划：学生双语报,50,11.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.donthaveto12.-Youmaylaugh,butIvebeenthinkingofbecomingavegetarian.-Oh,you_beoutofyourmind.Youwillbehungryallthetime.A.willB.mayC.mustD.should,D,C,策划：学生双语报,51,13.-Iwonderwhytheyarelate?-They_thetrain.canthavemissedB.couldmissC.musthavemissedD.mightmis