绕线转子异步电动机的控制PPT课件

-,1,电器符号标注,刀闸熔断器按钮接触器热继电器电流继电器时间继电器中间继电器,QSFUSBKMFRKIKTKA,-,2,刀闸开关,控制对象：380V，5.5kW以下小电机,考虑到电机较大的起动电流，刀闸的额定电流值应如下选择：（35)*异步电机额定电流,电路符号,QS,-,3,控制按钮,常开(动合)按钮,常闭(动断)按钮,复合按钮,-,4,接触器,-,5,接触器,220,-,6,接触器有关符号：,-,7,发热元件,功能：过载保护,热继电器,结构：,I,常闭触头,-,8,热继电器的符号,发热元件,串联在主电路中,串联在控制电路中,-,9,空气式时间继电器的工作原理,-,10,时间继电器触头类型,通电式,瞬时动作,延时动作,常闭触点,常开触点,常开通电后延时闭合,常闭通电后延时断开,-,11,一、转子绕组串接电阻启动控制线路,1.转子串接三相电阻启动原理启动时，在转子回路串入作Y形连接、分级切换的三相启动电阻器，以减小启动电流、增加启动转矩。随着电动机转速的升高，逐级减小可变电阻。启动完毕后，切除可变电阻器，转子绕组被直接短接，电动机便在额定状态下运行。,转子串接三相对称电阻器,转子串接三相不对称电阻器,-,12,2.按钮操作控制线路,-,13,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,FU2,FR,SB5,QS,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,FR,SB2,SB3,SB4,电路组成分析,KM,-,14,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,合上QS按下SB1绕线转子串联全部电阻启动,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,15,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB2KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2,R3启动,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,16,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB3KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,17,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB4KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,18,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,SB2,SB3,SB4,松开SB4电动机继续运行,R1,R2,R3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,19,3.时间继电器自动控制线路,-,20,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,FU2,FR,SB2,QS,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,R1,KT1,KT2,KT3,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,FR,电路组成分析,-,21,L1L2L3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,22,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动KT1线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,23,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT1延时闭合触头闭合KM1线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,24,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2,R3启动KT2线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,25,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT2延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,26,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动KT3线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,27,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT3延时闭合触头闭合KM3线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,28,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,29,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3动断触头断开KT1线圈失电KT1触头断开KM1线圈失电KM1触头断开KT2线圈失电KT2触头断开电动机继续运转,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,30,4.电流继电器自动控制电路,-,31,L1L2L3,FU1,3,FU2,FR,SB2,QS,SB1,KM,KM,KI1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KI2,FR,KI1,KA,KM3,KI3,R3,KI3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KI2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,电路组成分析,-,32,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KI1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KI2,KI1,KA,KM3,KI3,R3,KI3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KI2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,33,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KI1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KI2,KI1,KA,KM3,KI3,R3,KI3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KI2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动K线圈得电,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,34,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KI1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KI2,KI1,KA,KM3,KI3,R3,KI3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KI2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA动合触头闭合因启动电流大,KA1,KA2.KA3的动断触头断开,继续串联全部电阻启动,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,35,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KI1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KI2,KI1,KA,KM3,KI3,R3,KI3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KI2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度加快，电流减小，KA1欠电流,动断触头闭合KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合串联R2,R3继续启动,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,36,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KI1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KI2,KI1,KA,KM3,KI3,R3,KI3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KI2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度再加快电流继续减小KA2欠电流,动断触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合串联R3继续启动,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,37,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KI1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KI2,KI1,KA,KM3,KI3,R3,KI3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KI2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度再加快电流继续减小KA3欠电流,动断触头闭合KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合切除全部电阻全速运行,FU2,FR,QS,FR,-,38,二、转子绕组串联频敏变阻器启动控制线路,频敏变阻器实际上是一个特殊的三相铁芯电抗器，它有一个三柱铁芯，每个柱上有一个绕组，三相绕组一般接成星形。频敏变阻器的阻抗随着电流频率的变化而有明显的变化电流频率高时，阻抗值也高，电流频率低时，阻抗值也低。频敏变阻器的这一频率特性非常适合于控制异步电动机的启动过程。启动时，转子电流频率fz最大。Rf与Xd最大,电动机可以获得较大起动转矩。,-,39,启动后，随着转速的提高转子电流频率逐渐降低，Rf和Xf都自动减小，所以电动机可以近似地得到恒转矩特性，实现了电动机的无级启动。启动完毕后，频敏变阻器应短路切除。,-,40,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,KT,KM2,KM1,FR,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KM2,电路组成分析,FR,-,41,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,合上QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电KT线圈得电,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,42,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1触头闭合电动机串联频敏电阻启动,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,43,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KT延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合切除频敏电阻电动机全速运行,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,44,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,KM1,KM2,RF,SB2,SB1,KT,KM2,KM2,KT线圈失电KT延时闭合触头复位电动机继续全速运行,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2,FU2,QS,FR,FR,-,45,三、凸轮控制器控制线路中、小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动、调速及正反转控制，常常采用凸轮控制器来实现，以简化操作，如桥式起重机上大部分采用这种控制线路。,-,46,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,电路组成分析,KM,KM,-,47,正转,-,48,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,合上QS,按下SB1,KM,KM,-,49,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,KM触头闭合,KM,KM,-,50,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,-,51,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,-,52,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,-,53,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,-,54,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,SA10,SA11,SA12,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5,SA6,SA7,SA8,SA9,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,手轮转到“正”位置,KM,KM,-,55,反转,-,56,L1L2L3,QS,AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5,54321012345,反转零位正转,KA1,SB2,SB1,AC12,SQ1,SA10,KM,KA2,AC10,SQ2,AC11,AC,FU1,FU1,KA1,KA2,AC1,AC4,AC2,AC3,合上QS,按下SB1,KM,KM,-,57,L1L2L3,QS,AC8A