句子成分和简单句.ppt

,第一讲句子成分及简单句分析,Anna,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,句子成分,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）,找出句中主语,Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,（名词）,(代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.,Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Thisbookisveryinteresting.,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,Exercises:分析句子结构,1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademehappy.4）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.,句子类型,1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.,2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：Itislate,sowemusthurry.,3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：Ifwewanttokeepfit,wemustalwaysrememberthatpreventionisbetterthancure.,简单句的五种基本句型,一:(主谓)二:(主系表)三:(主谓宾)四:(主谓间宾直宾)五:(主谓宾宾补),基本句型一:(主谓),谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。,如:Wecome.,(不及物动词),1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly,基本句型二：(是系动词)(表语),1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Everythinglooksdifferent.4.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.5.Ourwellhasgonedry.,基本句型三:(主谓宾),此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。,(及物动词)(宾语),1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.,基本句型四:(主谓间宾直宾),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Givemeacupofteaplease.-Giveacupofteatomeplease.,givesbsth=givesthtosb,基本句型五:(主谓宾宾补),此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。,Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.,划分句子成分,Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouvegottoschool.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyouvegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,IhappenedtobeUpstairsatdusk(whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,翻译以下句子,1.你的故事听起来很有趣。Youstorysoundsveryinteresting.2.