高一英语第1讲.ppt

,初高中英语知识衔接,英语词性缩写n=名词，noun的缩写c=可数名词，countablenoun的缩写u=不可数名词，uncountablenoun的缩写pl=复数，plural的缩写pron=代名词，pronoun的缩写num=数词，numeral的缩写adj=形容词，adjective的缩写v=动词，兼指及物动词和不及物动词，verb的缩写vi=不及物动词，intransitiveverb的缩写vt=及物动词，transitiveverb的缩写,aux.v=助动词，auxiliary的缩写adv=副词，adverb的缩写art=冠词，article的缩写conj=连接词，conjunction的缩写prep=介系词；前置词，preposition的缩写int=感叹词，interjection的缩写,Phoneticsymbols,Goodpronunciation,leadstogoodspokenEnglish.,makesforrememberingwordsquickly.,memorizing,bedividedinto,vowels元音（12个单8个双）,consonants辅音（28个）,英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音i:u:短元音e双元音aIeIIIea辅音（28个）清辅音ptkfsttrts浊辅音bdgvzddrdz鼻音mn半元音wj似拼音hrl,或分为：爆破:pbtdkg摩擦:fvszrh破擦:tdtsdztrdr3个鼻音：mn1个边音：l2个半元音：wj,地道发音的技巧。,1：逻辑重音。1)在英语的10种词类中，名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、感叹词一般都要重读，而代词、介词、冠词、连词一般都不重读。Wehaveabrightfuture.Shecansinganddance.-Whatdidyousee?-Ihaveseenthepicture.-Wearenotgoingtothemuseum.,Whoarethosepeople?Thatsyourbook,notmine.2)重读要强调的词。要强调的对象不同时，重音也不同。如Letmetrythat.这句话可以通过逻辑重音来分别对不同的词就行强调：Letmetrythat.Letmetrythat.Letmetrythat.Letmetrythat.,2.连读。相邻两个单词，如果前面一个词以辅音结尾，后面一个词以元音开头，语速较快时，结尾的辅音和开头的元音可以连在一起读，以避免让气流中断。allofitapieceofpaperacupofteaacakeofsoapforexampleforinstancefatherandmotherThisisapen.Takeitoff.Additup.Ivenoideaofit.,Willittakealotoftimetogototheparkonfoot?Willyouleaveateightifshecallsyou?,3.不完全爆破。句中两个临近的词，前者以爆破辅音结尾，后者以爆破辅音开头，两个爆破音相遇，前面那个爆破音就不必读得过分清晰、完整，即所谓的“失去爆破”。Si(t)down.Please(d)tomeetyou.Sto(p)talking,please.Heisagoo(d)child.Sheistooexcite(d)tosi(t)still.Youmaykee(p)thebookifyouneedit.,4.语调。为了充分、完整地表达思想感情，会产生音调的高低变化，也就是调门的上升或下降。Pardon?(请再说一遍)Pardon.（对不起）Whatdoyouwant?（你要什么？）Whatdoyouwant?（你说你要什么来着?）,降调一般表示肯定、明确和意思完整，通常用在陈述句、感叹句、特殊疑问句或表示命令的祈使句中。NewYorkisthelargestcityinAmericantoday.Whatdoesyourfatherdo?Dontlookoutofthewindow.Whatahotdayitis!,升调表示怀疑、客气或意思尚未讲完，常用在一般疑问句或表示请求的祈使句中。MayIuseyourpen?Yes,sir?Turnonthetaperecorder,please.Sinceeveryoneishere,letsbeginthemeeting.英语中还有前升后降或前降后升的语调。如：DoyouliveinShanghaiorinBeijing?Shutthewindow,willyou?,5.强读和弱读。英语中的某些助动词、人称代词、疑问代词、反身代词、介词、冠词及连接词有强读和弱读两种发音，如you的强音是ju:，弱音是j。这类词大约有60个左右。Ivesomesmquestionstoaskyou.Somesmofthemarestillwaitinghere.Whatareyoulookingatt?Iwaswaitingattthebusstop.Whendoesdzthetrainleave?,HowcanknIhelpyou?Theywontletussdoit.Onewaswzenough.IadmitthattIdidit.,6.音的同化和异化。1）单词在句子中，受其前后单词发音的影响，变成了相同或类似的发音，或干脆发成了这两个音之外的第三个音，这就是音的同化。inbed由Inbed同化成Imbedmeetyou由mi:tj:同化成mi:tlastyear由l:stji同化成l:stididyou由didj同化成diddoesshe由dzi同化成diYoucango.由jkng同化成jkg,2）两个相同或相近的音位，在发音过程中因受某种影响，而变得不同或不相近，这种现象叫作异化。s之后的清辅音经常浊化：spitespaitskateskeitstarst:tstreetstri:texperienceexpeiriment,7.节奏。朗读文章或说话时，需要有节奏。英语的节奏是由重读音节之间的间隙停顿来决定的，而不是由非重读音节的多少来决定的。Comehere.OOPutitdown.OoOIthinkso.oOoIwanttomeethim.oOoOoHethoughthecould.oOoO,Putitontheshelf.OoooOIgaveittoher.oOoooIthinkhewantstogo,oOoOoOIthinkthathewantstogo.oOooOoO,词汇记忆妙法,1.要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；读音规律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。语音记忆法,2.记单词要“五到”，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；读写背默各几遍，词形词义自然现。“五到”记忆法,3.记过单词莫靠边，几天之后再看看；似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间。循环记忆法,4.单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。分组记忆法,5.结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。理解记忆法,6.分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起；bike/plane和jeep,归到交通工具里。归纳记忆法,7.同义近义反义词，辨析对比来记忆；比较对照才开窍，印象深刻记得牢。对比记忆法,8.单词长了容易忘，卡片纸条来帮忙；Mathematics不好记，纸条贴到数学上。卡片记忆法,9.构词法，要学习，前缀、后缀有规律；转换常把此类变，合成本是二合一。构词记忆法,10.课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；只要坚持常阅读，一举几得大有益！阅读记忆法,(MembersofaSentence),什么是句子？,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？！,Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,句子包括哪些成分？,主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful.Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends.,谓语：,谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成,Theyareteachers.Shelookswell.Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates.HecanspeakEnglish.,表语：,表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.,宾语,宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后,Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon.Ithinkthatheisagoodguy.,宾语补足语,在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawhimenterthehall.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.Iheardmynamecalled.,状语,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当,Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,Theblackbikeismine.Whatsyourname?Abrokenvase.Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.Theymadepaperflowers.TheboyintheroomisJack.Ihavesomethingtodo.Itisaswimmingpool.,一)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,(二)挑出下列句中的表语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.,(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.,(五)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.,Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.,划分句子成分,Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouvegottoschool.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyouvegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,IhappenedtobeUpstairsatdusk(whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,HOMEWORK,一、翻译下列句子，并在系动词下划线。1.Fiveandfiveisten.2.Hisfatherisin.3.Thepictureisonthewall.4.Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.5.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.6.Itsoundsagoodidea.7.Tomlooksthin.8.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.9.NowIfeeltired.10.Thedoorremainsopen.,二、翻译下列句子，并用（）标出定语。1.Mr.Zhangisachemistryteacher.2.Heisourfriend.Webelongtothethirdworld.3.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.4.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend5.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.6.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.7.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.8.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.9.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.10.Thebookwhosecoverisredismine.,Sentencepatterns,Type2.S+Vi,Type3.S+Vt+O,Type4.S+Vt+O1+O2,Type1.S+linkV+P,Type5.S+Vt+O+OC,简单句的五种基本句型,1.主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P），说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。,Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,arentwe?,其它系动词,状态：seem,appear,prove-感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look-变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow-持续：remain,stay,keep,continue-,beautiful,surprised,to,are,seems,went,Correctmistakes:1.Hervoicesoundsbeautifully.2.Thewholecompanywassurprisingatthenews.3.Toseeisbelieve.4.Itseemlikeagoodidea.5.Thelightsstillon.6.Allthepotatoeschangedbad.7.Jimwasremainedaworker.,2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.),Ourschoolliesinthecenterofourcity.,注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。,Thecaraccidentwashappenedyesterday.,Youwillgraduatefromitin2014.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）,Ilikemyjobverymuch.Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?Eachofyouhasadream.,注：及物动词可用于被动语态,Agreatdealofwaterisusedbypeopleinthatcity.,Peopleuseagreatdealofwaterinthatcity.（主动语态）,4主语+及物动词+双宾语（S+Vt+O1+O2）例：Heboughtherawatch.Thesungivesuslight.注意：一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to或for。,5主语+及物动词+宾语+补足语（S+Vt+O+OC）例：Shefoundhimaverycleverstudent.Imakeitaruletogetupearlyinthemorning.注意：补足语补充说明宾语的状态、性质等。用作宾语补足语的通常有名词、形容词、动词不定式等。当谓语动词为see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词或者let,have,make等使役动词时，如果不定式作宾语补足语，必须省略to。例如：Letme(to)see.(to)要省去。,1.Themachinedoesntwork.2.Heisanhoneststudent.3.Thesilkfeelssoft.4.Ihavealotoffriendshere.5.Tomlentme200dollars.6.Isawhimwritingaletter.7.Ifindmathsdifficult.8.WecallherLily.9.FatheraskedmetoturnofftheTV.,主,谓,宾,定,状,表,宾补,主,系,anhonest,表,主,系,主,谓,主,主,主,主,主,谓,谓,谓,谓,谓,宾,宾,宾,宾补,宾补,宾补,宾,宾,宾,主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,表语,宾补,n/pron.,n./pron.,Adj.,Adv.,n./adj.,n./adj./todo/doing,V,1.Isthisraincoatyours?No,mine_therebehindthedoor.ishangingB.ishungC.hangsD.washung,Exercises:,2._yourhead,andyoullseethesun_now.Raise;risingRaise;raisingC.Toraise,risingD.Lift;beingrisen,3.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.（上海）A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent,4.Theherosstory_differentlyinthenewspaper.（全国I、II）A.wasreported