英语语法之限定词

Lecture6,determinerI,Specificreference特指,Genericreference类指,Definitequantity表示确定数量,Indefinitequantity表示非确定数量,Wordsthatprecedeanypremodifingadjectivesinanounphraseandwhichdenotesuchreferentialmeaningsasspecificreference,genericreference,definitequantityorindefinitequantityarereferredtoasdeterminers.,Definition:,英语的限定词包括：定冠词（DEFINTITEARTICLE，不定冠词（INDEFINITEARTICLE，零冠词（ZEROARTICLE物主限定词（POSSESSIVEDETERMINER，my,your,his,her,our,your,their,ones,its.名词属格（GENITIVENOUN，Johns,myfriends.指示限定词（DEMONSTRATIVEDETERMINER，this,that,these,those,such.关系限定词（RELATIVEDETERRMINER，whose,which.疑问限定词（INTERROGATIVEDETERMINER，what,which,whose.,不定限定词（INDEFINITEDETERMINER，no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,other,another.基数词（CARDINALNUMERAL和序数词（ORDINALNUMERAL倍数词（MULTIPLICATIVENUMERAL和分数词（FRACTIONALNUMERAL量词（QUANTIFIERalotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreatof,agooddealof,alargeof,asmallamountof,aquantityof,agreatof,agoodnumberof等。,搭配关系与三类名词限定词之间若干限定词用法比较,与三类名词的搭配关系（单数名词复数名词不可数名词）,1.与三类名词都可以搭配的the(book,books,money)my/your/johns-whose(the)otherSome(book,books,money)Any(book,books,money)no,Hehasnofriend.,Someguyisaskingtoseeyou.,Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.,Hehasnomoney.,Hehasnofriends.,2.只能与单数搭配的a,an,oneeach,every,another,either,neithermanya,sucha,Mypenisbroken,butIhaveanother.,Inanothertwoweeks,Illfinishit.,NeithercarwasmadeinChina.,Neither(one)ofthe(two)carswasmadeinChina.,EitherdayisOK.NeitherdayisOK.,3.只能与复数搭配的Both,these,two,three,anothertwofew,severalmany,a(great)numberof,agreatmany,4.只能与不可数名词搭配的alargeamountof,agreatdealof,mucha(little)bitof,(a)little,less,least,speakabitofFrench,Thereslittledoubtthat.,Tip:非正式语体中，可与复数名词搭配,lessandlessviewers,5.能同时与单、复数名词搭配的thefirst/second,thelast,thenext,6.能同时与单、不可数名词搭配的,this/that,job,work,6.能与复数、不可数名词搭配的,alotof,lotsofPlentyofenough,more,mostSuchOther,Likeallsuchstories.,Suchoptimismhasbecome,限定词之间的搭配,前位限定词（Pre-determiner）中位限定词（CentralDeterminer）后位限定词（Post-determiner）,Imetall(前)my(中)many(后)friends(名).,Theyquestionedthe(前)both(中)last(后)two(后)boys(名).,前位限定词,种类：主要是用来说明名词的数量表示倍数关系halfmysalary,twicemysalary,doublemysalary,threetimesmysalary；表示几分之几的数词onethirdmysalary,two-thirdsmysalary；个体形容词allandboth,allmysalary,bothmyclassates,共存性：一般互相排斥allhalfmysalary,halfdoubleherincome,中位限定词,1）种类：冠词the,a,anallthebook,halfanhour,twicethesize；物主形容词my,your,his,her,our,theirallmymoney,allhismoney指示形容词this,that,these,thosealltheseproblems,twicethatsize,fourtimesthisamount名词属格。例如：Johns,hisfathers不定代词：every,each,either,neither特殊疑问词：what（ever），which(ever),whose2）共存性：彼此排斥，不能同时出现。mythemoney,ourtheseproblems,mythatbook,后位限定词,1）种类：基数词或序数词：onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fourfourth等等。例如：thetwochildren,hisfourthbirthday；一般序数词：next,last,past,previous,subsequent,other,another等。例如：mynextplan,ourlastmeeting,yourpreviousmistakes,hersubsequentresponse；数量形容词：few,many,several,little,less,more等。例如：mymanyfriends,ourseveralachievements,thefewfriendsthatIhave2）共存性：可以同时出现在名词前。例如：mynexttwoplans,severalotherpeople但也有先后顺序问题：序数词一般序数词+基数词：thefirsttwoweeks,duringthenext50years；序数词一般序数词+数量形容词：duringthepastfewyears,allthefourteachersallyourthreebooks前中后前中后alltheselastfewdays前中后后,halfhislecturethoselastfewmonths前中中后后,hislasttwobooksthefirsttwochapters中后后中后后threeothertwogirlstwomoresheets后后后后后,such,sucha./suchan,somesuch，anysuch，nosuch，fewsuch，onesuch,1.dictionaryisenoughforme.A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha,2.caseshavebeenreported.A.SuchfewB.SuchsomeC.FewsuchD.Somethese,5/19/2020,Exercise,1.Whichofthefollowingisincorrect?A.Allhislectureswereboring.B.Halfhismoneywasgone.C.Herfewfriendsarefondofdancing.D.Heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty.2._areabouttheAmericanIndependentWar.a.Bothbookb.Bothbooksc.Allthetwobooksd.alloftwobooks,5/19/2020,3.Onaccountofthetyphoon,_shipmentwillarrivethisweek.A.neither;B.all;C.both;D.these4.Thestudentsspent_theirtimeworkinginthefields.A.both;B.most;C.more;D.half5._candidatesaregirls.A.Halfthe;B.Thehalf;C.Theirhalf;D.Halfa6.Hehasbeenstayingathome_days.A.thesealllastfew;B.theselastfewallC.alltheselastfew;D.theselastallfew,5/19/2020,7.Thescientistwroteanumberofbooks,but_bookswerenovels.a.lasttwohisb.hislasttwoc.twohislastd.lasttwoofhis8.Itis_workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.a.asounusualb.suchanunusualc.sounusuald.suchunusual9.Foryoungpeople,Carpenteris_singer.a.mosttheirpopularb.mostpopularoftheirsc.theirmostpopulard.mostpopularoftheir10.Mybrotherisgoingonthepicnicwith_friends.a.histwolittleotherb.otherhistwolittlec.hisotherlittletwod.histwootherlittle,5/19/2020,ThechoiceoftheproperdeterminertoprecedeanounisusuallynotaproblemforwriterswhohavegrownupspeakingEnglish.Forotherwriters,thiscanbeaconsiderableobstacleonthewaytotheirmasteryofEnglish.Infact,somestudentsfromeasterncountries,wheretheirnativelanguagehasnoarticles,findthattheselittlewordscancreateproblems.Comparethefollowing:,all,both,every,each,either,neither,any,Allcanfunctionbothasdeterminersandasindefinitepronounswiththeexceptionof“every”whichisadetermineronly.,AComparativeStudyofSomeDeterminers,5/19/2020,1.Bothseatsareoccupied/taken.,1.Thereisastairwayateitherendofthecorridor.,2.Ihavetwoapplesandyoucantakeeitherwithyou.,1.两个座位都有人坐了。,Referringtothewholeofonlythetwo,e.g.;,a.both,b.either,c.neither,2.Bothbanksoftheriverwerefilledwithpeople.,2.河两岸都挤满了人。,Referringtoonlyoneofthetwo,e.g.;,1.在走廊的一头有一个楼梯。,2.我有两个苹果，你可以拿去一个。,Referringtothenegativeformof“both”,1.Bothchildrenareclever.2.Bothchildrenarenotclever.()3.Neitherchildisclever.()Neither(one)ofthe(two)childrenisclever.,1“both,either,neither“,Allthesethreecanbeusedtorefertotheideaof“two”.,partialnegation,totalnegation,5/19/2020,2“all,every,each”,Referringtothewholeofthreeormore.(整体),Allthesethreeareusedtoexpresstheideaof“全体”.,1.all,Atleastreferringtothree(每个都,侧重全体),Allthestudentshavecontributedtothefund.Hegaveallhehad.Allhopehascometrue.,Everystudenttookpartintheperformance.Everysideofthesquarewascrowdedwithpeople.,2.every,3.each,Atleastreferringtotwo(各个都，侧重个体),Eachsideofthestreetwascrowdedwithpeople.Wewanteverystudenttosucceed.=Wewantallthestudentstosucceed.Eachstudentwillfindhisownwaytosucceed.,5/19/2020,3.any,either,TherearetwoflightsforBeijinginthemorning.Youcantakeeither(one).Whichmoviedoyouwanttosee?Eitherwillbefine.Sheiswearingringsoneitherhand.,Bothareusedtoexpresstheideaof“任何一个”.,1.any,Referringtothreeormorethanthreepersonsorthings.,Youcanbuysugaratanybigstore.Anychild(=Everychild)cananswerthisquestion.Ihavelotsofmagazineshere.Youcantakeany(ofthem)withyou.,2.either,Referringtotwopersonsorthingsonly.,5/19/2020,4all,none;both,neither,All(of)thepeopletheretookpartintheevent.Allthepeopletheredidnttakepartintheevent.()(Somedidandsomerefused.)=Notallt