医学英语 心脏ppt课件

.,1,SUMC2011-2012,Studentscopy,Thecardiovascularsystem,.,2,Whatisthecirculatorysystem?WhatdoestheCVsystemdo?InternalandexternalanatomyCardiaccycleHeartsoundsConductivesystemoftheheartBloodvesselsDiseasesoftheCVS,.,3,TheHeartandbloodvesselstogethermakeupthecardiovascularSystem.,CirculatebloodthroughoutentirebodyforTransportofoxygentocellsTransportofCO2awayfromcellsTransportofnutrients(glucose)tocellsMovementofimmunesystemcomponents(cells,antibodies)Transportofendocrineglandsecretions,.,4,TheHeart:locationinthorax,.,5,TheHeart:locationinthorax,ObliquePositionApex=LeftofMidline(5thICS),AnteriortorestofheartBase(posteriorsurface)sitsonvertebralcolumnSuperiorRight=3rdCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumSuperiorLeft=2ndCostalCartilage,1”leftmidsternumInferiorRight=6thCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumInferiorLeft=5thIntercostalSpaceatMidclavicularline,.,6,Serousmembrane,Continuouswithbloodvessels,TheHeart:musclelayersandcoverings,Connectivetiss,Endothilium,.,7,ExternalHeartAnatomy,Page44,.,8,TheHeart:Chambers,.,9,Ourcirculatorysystemisadoublecirculatorysystem.Thismeansithastwopartsparts.,therightsideofthesystemdealswithdeoxygenatedblood.,theleftsideofthesystemdealswithoxygenatedblood.,.,10,Circulation,Coronarycirculationthecirculationofbloodwithintheheart.Pulmonarycirculationtheflowofbloodbetweentheheartandlungs.Systemiccirculationtheflowofbloodbetweentheheartandthecellsofthebody.,.,11,TheHeart:Valves,Bicuspid(mitral)Tricuspid(AV)PulmonaryAortic(SL),.,12,HowdoestheHeartwork?,STEPONE,.,13,HowdoestheHeartwork?,STEPTWO,.,14,HowdoestheHeartwork?,Thecyclethenrepeatsitself.,STEPTHREE,.,15,.,16,FillingofHeartChamberstheCardiacCycle,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,.,17,TheHeart:CardiacOutput,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,Cardiacoutput(CO)totalventblood/minAmountofbloodpumpedbyeachsideoftheheartinoneminuteCO=(heartrateHR)x(strokevolumeSV)StrokevolumeVolumeofbloodpumpedbyeachventricleinonecontraction,.,18,S1-Whatisit?closingofthebicuspidandtricuspidvalves.(closureoftheAVvalves)ThePulmonicandAorticvalvesareopeningandbloodisbeingforcedintothearteriesS2-Whatisit?ThesoundsarebecauseoftheclosingofthePulmonicandAorticvalves(closureofthesemilunarvalves),.,19,.,20,ConductiveSystem,Actionpotential-electricalimpulsecausingthecontractionofheartmusclecells,TheSAnode,orpacemaker,initiatestheheartbeatandcausestheatriatocontractonaverageevery0.85seconds.TheAVnodeconveysthestimulusandinitiatescontractionoftheventricles.ThesignalfortheventriclestocontracttravelsfromtheAVnodethroughtheatrioventricularbundletothesmallerPurkinjefibers.,.,21,Electrocardiogram,Anelectrocardiogram(ECG)isarecordingoftheelectricalchangesthatoccurinthemyocardiumduringacardiaccycle.ThePwaveoccursjustpriortoatrialcontraction;theQRScomplexoccursjustpriortoventricularcontraction;andtheTwaveoccurswhentheventriclesarerecoveringfromcontraction.,.,22,TheVascularSystem,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,.,23,BloodVessels:Anatomy,Threelayers(tunics)TunicintimaEndotheliumTunicmediaSmoothmuscleTunicexternaMostlyfibrousconnectivetissue,.,24,ConductiveSystem,Copyright2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings,Figure11.5,.,25,TunicaexternaOutermostlayerelastinandcollagenStrengthens,AnchorsTunicamediaMiddlelayerCircularSmoothMuscleVaso-constriction/dilationTunicaintimaInnermostlayerEndotheliumMinimizefrictionLumen,.,26,.,27,Artery/Veindifferences（归纳：dtwlv),.,28,.,29,.,30,.,31,Coronaryarterycirculation,.,32,Pulse,PulsepressurewaveofbloodMonitoredat“pressurepoints”wherepulseiseasilypalpated,.,33,MeasuringArterialBloodPressure,.,34,CardiovascularDiseases,Cardiovasculardiseasesincludethosethataffecttheheartandthosethataffecttheperipheralvascularsystem.Theheartandbloodvesselsmaybeprimarilyattackedbythesediseasesortheymaybesecondarilyaffectedasaconsequenceofanotherdisease.,.,35,RiskFactorsforCardiovascularDisease(sdosp),SmokingDiabetesObesityStressPhysicalInactivityHighBloodPressure140(systol