阅读教程一Unit-3

Unit3UniversityLife,Quotations,Asthesoil,howeverrichitmaybe,cannotbeproductivewithoutcultivation,sothemindwithoutculturecanneverproducegoodfruit.-SenecaEducationisveryimportantforonesself-development.Anuneducatedpersonwillnothaveabrightfuture,nomatterhowmuchpotentialhemayhave.,Quotations,Thethingstaughtinschoolsandcollegesarenotaneducation,butthemeanstoaneducation.-RalphWaldoEmersonWhatisimportantoftheeducationinschoolsandcollegesisthatitteachesnotwhattolearnbuthowtolearn.,Quotations,Everytimeyoustopaschool,youwillhavetobuildajail.Whatyougainatoneendyouloseattheother.Itslikefeedingadogonhisowntail.Itwontfattenthedog.-MarkTwainThefewerschoolsacountrybuilds,themoreprisonsitllhavetoprovide.Acountrywillnotbeprosperouswithoutsufficienteducationforitspeople.,Brainstorming,Whenitcomestouniversitylife,whatdifferentaspectsofuniversitylifehaveyouexperiencedsofar?Whatproblemshaveyouencountered?Pleaseshareyourstorieswithus.Study?Examination?Sharingadormitorywithyourroommates?ExtracurricularactivitiesTakingapart-timejob?,Pre-readingQuiz,AmericanClassroomCustoms,Readthefollowingpagesofcustoms,andthenanswerthequestionsfollowedbythecustoms.25secondswillbegiventoyoutoscaneachpage.,1.Iftheteacherasksaquestion,youareexpectedtogiveananswer.Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestion,youshouldraiseyourhandandasktheteachertorepeatthequestion.Ifyoudonotknowtheanswer,itisallrighttotelltheteacherthatyoudonotknow.Thenheorsheknowswhatyouneedtolearn.2.Thereisnoexcusefornotdoingyourhomework.Ifyouareabsent,youshouldcallyourteacherorsomeonewhoisinyourclassandaskfortheassignment.Itisyourresponsibilitytofindoutwhatassignmentsyouhavemissed.Itisnottheteachersresponsibilitytoremindyouofmissedassignments.,Pre-readingQuiz,3.Youmustnotbeabsentonatestday.Ifyouareseriouslyill,callandlettheteacherknowyouwillnotbethereforthetest.Ifyourteacherallowsmake-uptests,youshouldtakethetestwithinoneortwodaysafterreturningtoclass.Seriousillnessistheonlyreasonformissingatest.4.Beontime!Itisconsideredrudetobelate.Also,itbothersotherstudents.Ifyoumustcomeinlate,besuretodoitquietly.Haveyourbooksandpapersoutofyourbagbeforeyoucomeintotheroom.Thengotoyourseatandsitquietly.IntheU.S.itisnotnecessarytoknockbeforeyouentertheclassroom.MostoftheELCteacherswillgiveyoualowgradeifyouareoftenlate.,Pre-readingQuiz,5.Haveyourbookoutandbereadytobeginwhentheclassstarts.Yourteachershouldnothavetoaskyoueverydaytotakeoutyourbook.Besureyouhaveapaperandasharppencilready.6.InAmerica,youshouldcallyourteacherbyhisorherlastname,notteacher.AlsoyoushoulduseMr.,Miss,Ms.orMrs.beforethelastname(suchasMrs.SmithorMr.Jones).Thisisconsideredpolite.Theteacherwilltellyouhisorherpreferredtitle.,Pre-readingQuiz,7.Becourteoustootherstudents.Ifanotherstudentisansweringaquestion,givingareportoranexplanation,youshouldlistenquietlyandgivethemyourattention.Everyonemustbetreatedwiththesamerespectyouwouldlikethemtogivetoyou.Also,thequestiontheyareaskingmaybesomethingyouneedtoknow.8.ItisconsideredimpoliteintheU.S.toeat,drinkorchewgumduringclass.Thisisreservedforthebreak.Also,removingonesshoesintheclassroomisnotpolite.,Pre-readingQuiz,9.Ifyoumustleaveduringclass,dosoquietly.Thereisnoneedtoasktheteacherspermission.However,leavingtheclassforsomethingotherthananemergencyisnotacceptable.(Gettingadrinkorsharpeningyourpencilisnotconsideredanemergency.)10.Copyinganotherstudentstestorpaperisneveracceptable.Itiscalledcheating.AtmostschoolsintheU.S.,studentswhocheatareexpelled(kickedout).,Pre-readingQuiz,11.Posters,bulletinboards,oranyotherthinghangingonthewallisconsideredpropertyoftheschoolandshouldntbewrittenonorremovedwithoutpermission.(Asign-upsheetmaybewrittenon,butonlyputyournameonit.)12.Itisnotacceptabletoputupanysign,announcementoradvertisementwithoutfirstgettingpermissionfromtheschooloffice.13.Books,backpacks,lunches-anythingthatbelongstootherpeopleisconsideredprivateandshouldnotbemovedortamperedwith.,Pre-readingQuiz,14.Enteringateachersofficeoranyofficewithacloseddoorwithoutknockingfirstisnotacceptable.Knockfirst,thenwaittobeinvitedin.15.Itisnotconsideredpolitetoyellatpeopletogettheirattention.Whentalkinginagroup,youshouldnotspeaksoloudlyastodisruptotherswhoarecloseby.16.Wearingahatinclassisconsideredimpolitebymanyteachers.Someteachers/programsmayignoreit,butyoushouldaskpermissionfirst.,Pre-readingQuiz,1.Whentheteacherasksaquestion,youshould_.a.raiseyourhand.b.giveananswer.c.repeatthequestion.,2.Ifyoumissaclass,whatshouldyoudotofindoutwhatassignmentwasgiven?a.calltheteacheroraclassmate.b.giveanexcuse.c.remindtheteacheryouwereabsent.,Pre-readingQuiz,QuizTime!,3.Whenareyouallowedtotakeamake-uptest?a.whenyouareabsentonatestday.b.whenyouarereallysickandcalltheteacherjustifyingyourabsence.c.whentheresatesttwodaysafterthepreviousone.,4.Asynonymforbotheris_.a.please.b.worry.c.disturb.,Pre-readingQuiz,5.TeachersintheUSAshouldbecalled_.a.bytheirpreferredtitleplustheirlastnameb.teacher.c.bytheirfirstname.,6.Astudentisconsideredimpolitewhenhe/she_.a.eatsanddrinksduringthebreak.b.takesoffhis/hershoesinclass.c.treatseveryonewithrespect.,Pre-readingQuiz,7.InmostschoolsintheUSA,cheatingisconsidered_.a.acceptableinsomecases.b.aminorfault.c.aseriousfault.,8.Whatareyounotallowedtodowithoutpreviouspermission.a.speakquietlyinagroup.b.knockatthedoorbeforeenteringtheteachersoffice.c.putupanannouncement.,Pre-readingQuiz,9.Totampermeans_.a.todamage.b.toinsult.c.tosteal.,10.Wearingahatinclassisconsidered_bymanyteachers.a.indignified.b.rude.c.charming.,Pre-readingQuiz,1.Iftheteacherasksaquestion,youareexpectedtogiveananswer.Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestion,youshouldraiseyourhandandasktheteachertorepeatthequestion.Ifyoudonotknowtheanswer,itisallrighttotelltheteacherthatyoudonotknow.Thenheorsheknowswhatyouneedtolearn.2.Thereisnoexcusefornotdoingyourhomework.Ifyouareabsent,youshouldcallyourteacherorsomeonewhoisinyourclassandaskfortheassignment.Itisyourresponsibilitytofindoutwhatassignmentsyouhavemissed.Itisnottheteachersresponsibilitytoremindyouofmissedassignments.,Pre-readingQuiz,3.Youmustnotbeabsentonatestday.Ifyouareseriouslyill,callandlettheteacherknowyouwillnotbethereforthetest.Ifyourteacherallowsmake-uptests,youshouldtakethetestwithinoneortwodaysafterreturningtoclass.Seriousillnessistheonlyreasonformissingatest.4.Beontime!Itisconsideredrudetobelate.Also,itbothersotherstudents.Ifyoumustcomeinlate,besuretodoitquietly.Haveyourbooksandpapersoutofyourbagbeforeyoucomeintotheroom.Thengotoyourseatandsitquietly.IntheU.S.itisnotnecessarytoknockbeforeyouentertheclassroom.MostoftheELCteacherswillgiveyoualowgradeifyouareoftenlate.,Pre-readingQuiz,5.Haveyourbookoutandbereadytobeginwhentheclassstarts.Yourteachershouldnothavetoaskyoueverydaytotakeoutyourbook.Besureyouhaveapaperandasharppencilready.6.InAmerica,youshouldcallyourteacherbyhisorherlastname,notteacher.AlsoyoushoulduseMr.,Miss,Ms.orMrs.beforethelastname(suchasMrs.SmithorMr.Jones).Thisisconsideredpolite.Theteacherwilltellyouhisorherpreferredtitle.,Pre-readingQuiz,7.Becourteoustootherstudents.Ifanotherstudentisansweringaquestion,givingareportoranexplanation,youshouldlistenquietlyandgivethemyourattention.Everyonemustbetreatedwiththesamerespectyouwouldlikethemtogivetoyou.Also,thequestiontheyareaskingmaybesomethingyouneedtoknow.8.ItisconsideredimpoliteintheU.S.toeat,drinkorchewgumduringclass.Thisisreservedforthebreak.Also,removingonesshoesintheclassroomisnotpolite.,Pre-readingQuiz,9.Ifyoumustleaveduringclass,dosoquietly.Thereisnoneedtoasktheteacherspermission.However,leavingtheclassforsomethingotherthananemergencyisnotacceptable.(Gettingadrinkorsharpeningyourpencilisnotconsideredanemergency.)10.Copyinganotherstudentstestorpaperisneveracceptable.Itiscalledcheating.AtmostschoolsintheU.S.,studentswhocheatareexpelled(kickedout).,Pre-readingQuiz,11.Posters,bulletinboards,oranyotherthinghangingonthewallisconsideredpropertyoftheschoolandshouldntbewrittenonorremovedwithoutpermission.(Asign-upsheetmaybewrittenon,butonlyputyournameonit.)12.Itisnotacceptabletoputupanysign,announcementoradvertisementwithoutfirstgettingpermissionfromtheschooloffice.13.Books,backpacks,lunches-anythingthatbelongstootherpeopleisconsideredprivateandshouldnotbemovedortamperedwith.,Pre-readingQuiz,14.Enteringateachersofficeoranyofficewithacloseddoorwithoutknockingfirstisnotacceptable.Knockfirst,thenwaittobeinvitedin.15.Itisnotconsideredpolitetoyellatpeopletogettheirattention.Whentalkinginagroup,youshouldnotspeaksoloudlyastodisruptotherswhoarecloseby.16.Wearingahatinclassisconsideredimpolitebymanyteachers.Someteachers/programsmayignoreit,butyoushouldaskpermissionfirst.,Pre-readingQuiz,ReadingOne:HowtoGetan“A”onYourFinalExam,Readthewholetextquicklytofindouttheanswerstothefollowingquesitons:Whatisthewritingstyleofthisarticle?Whatwouldbethepunishmentforthosewhofailedtoturninthebluebooksintime?Howdidthestudentsbehaveintheexam?Whatdidtheboybegtheteachersassistanttodo?Whatwastheassistantsresponse?Hastheboybeenagoodstudentinthisintroductorycourse?Whydidtheboyaskrepeatedlyiftheteachersassistantknewhim?Whatsyourgeneralimpressionabouttheteachersassistant?,Para.2,Para.3,Para.5-6,No,hehasnt.,Para.19,Strict,responsible,principled.,Narrative,ReadingOne:HowtoGetan“A”onYourFinalExam,Para.1administerv.Syn.:manageWehopethattheyregoingtoadministerjusticeimpartially.我们希望他们能主持正义，不偏不倚。Paramedicsaretrainedtoadministercertaindrugs.Heisshowninthetapeofthebeatingasadministeringmostoftheblows.administrationn.academic/business/compulsory/efficient/library/publicadministrationadministrativeadj.administratorn.,治理，管理（国家等）；施行，实施（法律、考核等）,给予（病人药物）,给以（一拳或一脚）,管理，行政事务；实施，执行,管理的，行政的,经营者；管理者,Para.2,proceedv.Syn.:continueHeproceededtotellmeofmybirth.Thegroupproceededwithamarch.Sceedingsn.divorceproceedingsproceedsn.Theygaveaconcertanddonatedtheproceedstocharity.,接着做,继续进行,（朝某个方向）前进，行进,诉讼;（有组织的一系列）活动，事件，行动,（某个事件或活动的）收入，收益,Para.2,turninNowwewaitforthemtoturnintheiressays.现在我们等着他们交上作文。Wouldyoulikesometeabeforeyouturnin?你睡前想喝杯茶吗？Hehasbeenaskeduntilnoontodaytoturnhimselfintoauthorities.他被要求在今天中午前向当局投案自首。,Para.3,Whenfinalexamtimecame,thestudentsweresoindoctrinatedintothesystemthatIonlyneededtoannounceonewarningat9:40A.M.Sincethestudentshavebeenfrequentlytaughttherulesofexams,theywereveryfamiliarwiththose.Therewasnoneedformetorepeattherulesinthefinalexam.WhatIhadtodowastoremindstudentsofthetimeat9:40A.M.,Para.3,barksomeonesbarkisworsethantheirbite某人说话严厉，但并无恶意；刀子嘴，豆腐心bebarkingupthewrongtree(非正式)捕风捉影；找错目标,Para.3,sneakn.暗自的;不敢公开承认的,（帆布胶底）运动鞋,Whatisnosebleedingsection?,BackgroundInformation,Whatisnosebleedingsection?,Seatsinthenose-bleedsectionrefertothecheapestseats.Theseareusuallylocatedfarthermostfromthestage,whereyoucantseeanythingwithoutthehelpofapairofbinoculars.,Why“nose-bleed”?,ThephraseismostoftenusedinAmericansports.Americanstadiumsorarenasastheycallitarehuge.Therefore,thefarthermostrowsofseatsinanAmericansportsarenaarepositionedveryhighabovethecourt,sohighthatpeoplejokinglysaytheairisthinnerupthere.And,asoldbeliefsgo,peoplearemorepronetonosebleedingwhentheairpressureislow.,BackgroundInformation,Para.4,surrenderv.ShesurrenderedtothepoliceinLondonlastDecember.她去年12月在伦敦向警方自首。Theyhavebeenorderedtosurrendertheirpassports.他们被要求出示护照。surrendern.Depressionisapartialsurrendertodeath.沮丧是对死亡的一定妥协。,UsefulExpressions,Canyoucomeupwithanywordsorexpressionsrelatedtotest/exam?Agrueling/tough/dismalexamA(n)open-book/make-uptestThefinalexamisthelasthurdletopass.Thephysicalexamisgoingtobekiller.Thecomingtesthassetmynervesonedgethesedays.Hecrammedfortheexam/burnedthemid-nightoil/pulledanall-nighter.Herackedhisbrainsoasnottochokeonthetest.Hewascaughtwhilecheatingonthetest.,ReadingTwo:LearningtoKeepYourselfCoolduringTests,TheStyleofWritingExpositionStructurePart1(Para.1-3)Describetestanxiety.Part2(Para.4-6)Explainthehelpfromtheexpertsworkshop.Part3(Para.7-11)Whatshouldbedonebefore,during,andaftertheexam.Part4(Para.12)Thosewhobenefitfromtheworkshoparehelpingothersnow.,Whatistestanxiety?,Testanxietyisatypeofperformanceanxiety,apsychologicalconditioninwhichapersonexperiencesdistressbefore,during,orafteranexamorotherassessmenttosuchanextentthatthisanxietycausespoorperformanceorinterfereswithnormallearning.Itdeservesnoticeduetoitsprevalenceamongstthestudentpopulationsoftheworld.,Forexample,apersonmightexperienceperformanceanxietywhenheorsheisabouttotryoutfortheschoolplay,singasoloonstage,orgointoanimportantinterview.,BackgroundInformation,WhosLikelytoHaveTestAnxiety?,Peoplewhoworryalotorwhoareperfectionistsaremorelikelytohavetroublewithtestanxiety.Peoplewiththesetraitssometimesfindithardtoacceptmistakestheymightmakeortogetanythinglessthanaperfectscore.,Studentswhoarentpreparedfortestsbutwhocareaboutdoingwellarealsolikelytoexperiencetestanxiety.Ifyouknowyourenotprepared,itsano-brainertorealizethatyoullbeworriedaboutdoingpoorly.,BackgroundInformation,Whatdoestestanxietyfeellike?,Somestudentsexperiencemainlyphysicalsymptoms,suchasheadaches,nausea,faintness,feelingtoohotortoocold,etc.Othersexperiencemoreemotionalsymptoms,suchascryingeasily,feelingirritable,orgettingfrustratedquickly.,Amajorproblemoftestanxietycanbeitseffectonthinkingability;itcancauseapersontoblankoutorhaveracingthoughtsthataredifficulttocontrol.,BackgroundInformation,Whatcanyoudotocontroltestanxiety?,Bewellpreparedforthetest.Includeasmuchself-testinginyourreviewaspossible.Maintainahealthylifestyle:getenoughsleep,goodnutrition,exercise,andareasonableamountofsocialinteraction.Asyouanticipatetheexam,thinkpositively,e.g.,IcandoOKonthisexam.IvestudiedandIknowmystuff.Engageinthoughtstoppingifyoufindthatyouareworryingalot,comparingyourselftoyourpeers,orthinkingaboutwhatothersmaysayaboutyourperformanceonthisexam.Beforeyougotobedonthenightbeforetheexam,organizeanythingthatyouwillneedfortheexam-pen,pencil,ruler,eraser,calculator,etc.,BackgroundInformation,Whatcanyoudotocontroltestanxiety?,Setthealarmclockandthengetagoodnightssleepbeforetheexam.Gettotheexamontime-nottoolatebutnottooearly.Becautiousabouttalkingtootherstudentsabouttheexammaterialjustbeforegoingintotheexam,especiallyifthiswillmakeyoumoreanxious.Sitinalocationintheexamroomwhereyouwillbedistractedaslittleaspossible.Asthepapersaredistributed,calmyourselfbytakingsomeslowdeepbreaths.Makesuretocarefullyreadanyinstructionsontheexam.,BackgroundInformation,Whatcanyoudotocontroltestanxiety?,Asyouworkontheexam,focusonlyontheexam,notonwhatotherstudentsaredoingoronthinkingaboutpastexamsorfuturegoals.Ifyoufeelveryanxiousintheexam,takeafewminutestocalmyourself.Stretchyourarmsandlegsandthenrelaxthemagain.Dothisacoupleoftimes.Takeafewslowdeepbreaths.Dosomepositiveinternalself-talk;saytoyourself,IwillbeOK,Icandothis.Thendirectyourfocusonthetest;associatequestionstotheircorrespondinglectureand/orchapter.Iftheexamismoredifficultthanyouanticipated,trytofocusandjustdoyourbest.Itmightbeenoughtogetyouthroughwithareasonablegrade!,BackgroundInformation,Para.1,panickyadj.apanickyreaction/feelingManywomenfeelpanickytravellinghomeatnightalone.很多女性晚上一个人回家时都提心吊胆。panicn.getintopanic;inapanicIminapanicaboutgettingeverythingdoneintime.我一阵手忙脚乱，想及时做完所有事情。odoingsth.Sherefusedtobepanickedintoahastymarriage.她不愿因恐慌而仓促结婚。,恐慌的；惶惶然的；惊慌失措的,恐慌；惊慌失措,（使）惊慌失措；（使）恐慌,Para.1,putdownIhadpreparedforthemeetingbyputtingdownwhatIwantedfromthem.写下；记录；键入Heboughtaninvestmentpropertyfor$100,000andputdown$20,000.付（定金）Soldierswentintoputdownarebellion.镇压（暴乱或叛乱）IknowthatIdoputpeopledownoccasionally.贬低；奚落；使窘迫Theythinkthatanylegislationthatinvolvedputtingdowndogswaswrong.杀死（具危险性或生病的动物）,Para.2,peripheraladj.topicsperipheraltothemainthemeperipheralzonesperipheraln.peripheralsforthebasiccomputerperipherallyadv.peripheryn.Geographically,theUKisontheperipheryofEurope,whileParisisattheheartofthecontinent.,无关紧要的；次要的,周围的；边缘的,(计算机)外围设备，外部设备,边缘；周围；外围,Para.2,tunnel-likeMeaning:Tunnel-likevisionisaconditioninwhichyoureunabletoseethingsthatarenotstraightinfrontofyou.Use:Peoplewithtunnel-likevisioncanhardlyhaveanoverallviewonanything.,Para.2,Yourfieldofvisionnarrowsandbecomestunnel-like,leavingyouwithverylittleperipheralsight.Asyoursightnarrows,youcanonlyseethingsstraightbeforeyouandarethusunabletoseethingsatawiderrange.,Para.4,puter/health/speedfreakNotsolongago,transsexualswereregardedasfreaks.freakv.Ithinkourmusicfreakspeopleoutsometimes.freakyadj.ThisguyboreareallyfreakyresemblancetoJones.这个家伙和琼斯长得惊人地相似。freakishadj.freakishweather/behavior,(对某事物或活动痴迷的)狂,怪人;怪胎,(使)吃惊;(使)不安;(使)恼怒;(使)困惑,极不寻常的;很怪异的,异乎寻常的;奇特的;怪异的,Para.5,Youjusthavetopreventitfromgettingthebestofyou.Whatyouhavetodoistostopitfromovercominganddefeatingyou.,Para.6,Thereisanoptimumlevelofconcernwhenyouperformatyourbest.Youcannotgiveyourbestperformanceunlessyouhaveamodestdegreeofconcern.,Para.6,“Butiftheylabelitanxieryandsay,Itsgoinigtohitmeagain,thatwillpushthemovertheedge.”“Butiftheyconsiderittobeanxietyandfeelunabletocopewithitproperly,thatwillmakethemreactnotnormally,butinacrazyway.”,Para.8,moderateadj.moderatebreeze/policies/wagedemands/speed/seaSyn.:temperate,mediocremoderatevt.普通的;适度的；适量的；温和的,(使)缓和;(使)减轻;(使)减弱;节制,温和;中庸,Para.9,suppliesMeaning:Essentialthingsthatpeopleneed.Use:Everytimeheisabouttosetouttotravel,heexamineshissuppliescarefully.,Para.9,stumpv.stumpupthehillSyn.:stomp,plod,trampJohnisstumpedbyanunexpectedquestion.stumpn.thestumpofapencil/cigar/toothstumpyadj.stumpylittleman/legs,迈着沉重的步子走;跺着脚走,把难住;难倒;使一筹莫展,残余部分;残段;残根;树桩,短而粗的,Para.10,plungeinMeaning:Tosuddenlygetinvolvedinasituation.Use:Plungedintosuchabigoccasion,hewasspeechlessforquiteafewminutes.,Para.11,tortureMeaning:Tocausepeopletosufferfrommentalpainoranxiety.Use:Hetorturedhisgirlfriendwithhisendlessskepicism.,Para.12,Amongthestudentswhoareworkingnowasvolunteerleadersintheworkshopsareafewwhostartedoutpanickyandunabletofunctioninexams.Severalstudentsworkingintheworkshopsasvolunteerleadersusedtobetestanxietysuffererswhowereverynervousandperformedpoorlyintests.,Para.12,ABCMeaning:SomethingaseasyasABCisoflittledifficulty.Use:Toclimbov