be动词-助动词、情态动词用法

Be动词、助动词和情态动词,专题二：,Be动词,一般现在时中be动词的用法beamisare（1）am用在I后Iamastudent.Imhappy.（2）are用于复数主语和第二人称单数（你，您）等情况AreyouChinese?Theyarebasketballplayers.Thebooksareexpensive.,（3）is用在主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词等情况Heismyfriend.Thedogisyellow.Timeismoney.be动词的缩写形式Iam=Imhe/she/itis=hes/shes/itswe/you/theyare=were/youre/theyreisnot=isntarenot=arentwhois=whoswhatis=whats,be动词的在一般现在时中的各种句型1）肯定句：主语+be+其他成分Sheisbeautiful.2）否定句：主语+be+not+其他成分Sheisnotbeautiful.3）一般疑问句（用yes或no来回答）：be+主语+其他成分+？Isshebeautiful？4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语（其他成分）+？Whatsyourname?Whosthat?,be的用法口诀：我用am，你用are,is跟着他、她、它。单数is，复数are，勿忘be的三变化。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。一般现在时中be动词的用法相对简单，上面的口诀基本包括了be动词的各种问题。,Exercises,用am/is/are填空1、She（）astudent.2、Hisjacket（）onthetable.3、We（）family.4、-How（）you?-I（）fine,thanks.5、JackandI（）goodfriends.6、（）sheastudent?7、（）youateacher?,I_anEnglishteachernow.They_gladtoseeeachother.HelenandNancy_goodfriends.Thelittledog_twoyearsoldthisyear.Look,there_lotsofgrapeshere.There_asignonthechaironMonday.Today_thesecondofJune.Yesterday_thefirstofJune.It_ChildrensDay.Allthestudents_veryexcited.Theskyblue.Iaboy.There_(be)somewaterinthebottle.,am,are,are,are,am,was,is,is,is,is,is,was,were,16.Theblackgloves_forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves_forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_forme.19.Sometea_intheglass.20.Gaoshansshirt_overthere.21.Mysistersname_Nancy.22.This_notWangFangspencil.23._DavidandHelenfromEngland?24.There_agirlintheroom.25.There_someapplesonthetree.26._thereanykitesintheclassroom?27._thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28.There_somebreadontheplate.29.There_aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You,heandI_fromChina.,areisareisisisisAreisareAreIsisareare,句型转换,1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3.Tomisunderthetree.（变为否定句）,Aretheydoinghousework?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent.Theyarentdoinghousework.Arethestudentscleaningtheclassroom?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent.Tomisnotunderthetree.,4.Theskateboardsareblack.(改成否定句)5.Itsbranchesarelong.(意思不变，改否定句)6.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答).,Theskateboardsarenotblack.Itsbranchesarenotshort.Isshealwaysagoodstudent?No,sheisnt.,助动词do/does,什么是助动词？顾名思义，助动词就是帮助动词的，而本身没有实际意义的动词，是具有雷锋精神的词汇。助动词do的三种变化形式do第三人称单数时使用的does过去式did,do的基本用法：1构成否定句2构成一般疑问句及回答3构成特殊疑问句do的各种形式肯定式：do否定式：dont/donotdo用在第一人称单复数、第二人称单复数和第三人称复数作主语，且时态为一般现在时的句子，如：Ilikethatdress.否定句：Idontlikethatdress.一般疑问句及回答：-Doyoulikethatdress?-Yes,Ido/No,Idont.,特殊疑问句：Whichdressdoyoulike?does肯定式：does否定式：doesntdoes用在第三人称单数作主语，且时态为一般现在时的句子当does出现时，句子中用动词原形。如：Shelikesthatdress.否定句：Shedoesntlikethatdress.一般疑问句及回答：-Doesshelikethatdress?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.特殊疑问句：Whichdressdoesshelike?,Exercises,按要求改写句子：1.Ithinkheisveryold.(否定句)I_thinkhe_veryold.2.Thissignmeans“Nosmoking”.（改为特殊疑问句）What_thissign_?3.Myplanthastwogreenleaves.(就划线部分提问)_plant_?4.Ilovemyparents.（改为一般疑问句）_?,dont,is,does,mean,Howmanygreenleavesdoesyourhave,Doyouloveyourparents,用动词的适当形式填空。1、They_(read)Englishinthemorning.2、She_(like)hercoatverymuch.3、Heusually_(watch)TVat7:00intheevening.4、Thegirl_(fly)akiteeveryspring.5、He_(get)upat7oclockinthemorning.6、Themanandthewomanalways_(listen)totheradio.7、Lucy_(notsing)verywell.8、I_(notgo)toschoolbybuseveryday.9、Daming_(run)araceonMondays.10、We_(do)highjumpwithourfriendsatschool.,11、Thelittlegirls_(read)Englishintheevening.12、They_(like)hercoatverymuch.13、Sheusually_(watch)TVwithhersisterintheevening.14、Thegirlsandtheboys_(fly)akiteeveryspring.15、We_(get)upat7oclockinthemorning.16、Mybrotheralways_(listen)tomusicinhisroom.17、LucyandLily_(notspeak)Chinese.18、I_(notgo)toschoolbybuseveryday.19、Daming_(eat)ahamburgeronMondays.20、We_(play)gameswithourfriendsatschool.,注意：一般现在时态句的否定句和一般疑问句，当句子中有动词时，我们就用助动词do或是does.如果没有动词时，我们就选用is或是are，也就是“Be”除了原形的“be”之外，还有另外七种形式：am,is,are,been,being,was,were.助动词后接动词原形。,We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick_(notgo)totheschoolonSundays._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?,dontwatch,doesntgo,Do,read,情态动词,情态动词有一定的意义无人称和数的变化除了ought和have通常不带to，后加动词原形表示说话人的语气或情绪（请求、警告、命令等）,特点：,情态动词,will/would,can/could,have/hadto,may/might,oughtto,shall/should,must,1.can/could1)表示能力IcanspeakEnglishandFrench.Hecandoithimself.2)表示事物一时的特征，理论上的可能性Itsalwayswarmhere,however,sometimesitcanbeverycold.Evenanexperiencedteachercanmakemistakes.3)表示允诺，许可-CanIeatsomecakes,mom?-Yes,youcan./No,youcant.Youcanhavemyseat.Iamgoingnow.,4)表示推测-Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whocanitbe?CanitbeTony?-No,itcantbehim.HeisinBeijingnow.No,hecouldntbeathief.Could是can的过去式，用法与can类似，常用于过去时中；could用在现在时中表示表示委婉、客气，相当于can。-Couldyouhelpme?/Couldyoudomeafavor?-Sure./Certainly.,2.may和might1)表示请求或许可-May/MightIcomein?-Yes,youmay.2)表示可能性的推测Shehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.Itstoolate.Ithinkhemay/mighthavegonetobed.3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿Mayyousucceed!Mayyoureturninsafe!关于may的一般问句的回答：肯定回答为“Yes,please./Certainly./Sure.”否定回答为“Pleasedont./No,youcant/musnt.”,might是may的过去式，用法与may类似，常用于过去时中；用在疑问句中，还可表示委婉客气。,3.must1)必须MustIsaysorry?Yes,youmust./No,youneednt./No,youdonthaveto.Youmustseeadoctor.2)猜测，“肯定，准是”Shemustbedoingherhomeworknow.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithmycomputer.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.,3)偏要，硬要Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.4)否定，表示“禁止”Youmustntplaywithfire.Youmayhurtyourself.must一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt或donthaveto,而不用mustnt.因为mustnt表示“不可能，禁止”，语气比较强硬,提到must,就不得不讲到它和haveto的对比。1)二者都有“必须”的意思，haveto表示客观上的需要，有被迫的意为，表示“不得不.”；must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。ex:Mybrotherisill,soIhavetocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.Imustworkhardformyfuture.2)haveto有人称、时态和单复数上的变化，而must只有一种形式。havetohadtoIhaveto/shehastoex:Hehadtolookafterhissister,becausehisparentswerenotathomeyesterday.3)在否定形式中，“donthaveto”表示“不必”,“musnt”表示“禁止”ex:Youdonthavetotellhimthisnews.你不必告诉他这个消息。Youmusnttellhimthisnews.你一定不要告诉他这个消息。,4.shall的用法1)shall常用于第一人称，表示简单的将来，构成将来时态。(助词)ex:Ishallthinkitoverandletyouknowmyidea.Whenshallwemeetagain?Weshallhaveagoodtimeinthepark.2)shall用于第一人称，还可以表示征求对方的意愿。ex:Whatshallwedothisevening?Shallwegotothemovies?3)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。ex:Shallwebeginourlesson?（征求意见）Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?（请示）4)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,ex:Youshallfailifyoudontworkharder.(警告)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允诺)Youshallgetabikeasyourbirthday.(允诺)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)shall实际上是一个情态助词，表示“将要、要不要、应该”等意义，语气比较委婉，用于疑问句时意思为“干.好吗？”“要不要.”,5.should的用法1）表示义务或责任Youshouldworkhardandtakecareofyourfamily.Visitorsshoudobeytherulesofthezoo.2）表示劝告或推荐Heshouldstopsmoking.Youshouldntleavethebabyaloneinthehouse.Theyshouldhavecalledthepolice.3）表示假设的结果(可简略)Weshouldmovetoalargehouseifwehadmoney.,6oughtto的用法,1、oughtto比should语气强烈，一般用于肯定句和否定句。1)（表示责任、义务等）应当、应该Yououghttoworkharderthanthat.2)（表示劝告、建议等）应该，该Youdontlookwell.Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.3)（表示猜测、期望等）总应该，理应Itoughttobeafinedaytomorrowmorning.,7、will的用法,作情态动词：1）（表示意愿、意志）愿、要ex:Youwillcome,wontyou?你会来的，是不是？Iwilldomybesttohelpyou.2）（表示经常性、习惯性、不可避免性）经常，惯于，总是ex：Thesethingswillhappen.Peoplewilltalk.人总会说闲话。Waterwillboilat100.3）表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意见，意思为“你.好吗、你愿.吗”,ex：Willyoujoinus?你愿意加入我们吗？Wontyousitdown?你不坐下吗？4）表示说话人的猜测，意为“大概”ex:Thatwillbethebookyouwant.那大概是你要的书。Askhim,hewillknow.问他吧，他应该知道。5）表命令或指示ex：Noonewillleavetheexaminationroombefore12oclock.任何人不得在12点之前离开考场。6）表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等ex:Youwillhaveyourshare.你会得到你的那一份。7）表执意ex:Hewilldothesethings!他总是爱干这样的事！,would的用法,would与will的用法类似，是will的过去式，但在表示征求意见或提出请求时，will和would都可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉的语气（此时主要用于第二人称的疑问句中）ex:Wontyoutakeoffyourcoat?你要不要把大衣脱掉？Will/Wouldyoupleaseposttheletterforme?请帮我寄了这封信好吗？,一、圈出正确答案。1）Lucyshouldherhomeworknow.A.finishesB.finishingC.finishedD.finish2）Mymotherwouldbacksoon.A.cameB.comesC.comeD.wi