阅读理解事实细节

阅读理解事实细节专题复习,在历年的英语高考中，细节理解题占阅读理解题中很大的比例。,细节理解题,直接信息题,间接信息题,先后排序题,数字计算题,图文转换题,HowdowedealwiththeReadingComprehensionaboutFactsandDetailsinContext?,考点击破,直接信息题断章取义法解答这类题可用“断章取义法”，即带着问题，有针对性地扫读短文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，围绕主旨深刻理解材料。,间接信息题语意转换法做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。,1、是非题：Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept_.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedintheparagraph2?这种问题含有否定意义的词语，如有not,except等，要特别留心，不要理解错了，而选相反的答案。,Youhave3minutestofinishthe2examplesandthentalkabouttheanswerwithyourpartner.Pleaseunderlinethesentencewhichcanhelpyougettheanswer.,例题分析：SincetheendofWorldWarI(WWI)in1918，Canadians,andmillionsofothersaroundtheworldhavepausedatthe11thhourofthe11thdayofthe11thmonthtohonourthesacrificesoursoldiershavemadeindifferentwars,fightingforthefreedomsthatweallenjoytoday.KnownasRemembranceDay,thedayoriginatedasatributetothesoldiersofWWI，adarkperiodforouryoungcountry,whichclaimedthelivesofover60,000militarypersonnelandciviliansandover16milliondeadworldwide.(2013广州市一模）,例题分析：SincetheendofWorldWarI(WWI)in1918，Canadians,andmillionsofothersaroundtheworldhavepausedatthe11thhourofthe11thdayofthe11thmonthtohonourthesacrificesoursoldiershavemadeindifferentwars,fightingforthefreedomsthatweallenjoytoday.KnownasRemembranceDay,thedayoriginatedasatributetothesoldiersofWWI，adarkperiodforouryoungcountry,whichclaimedthelivesofover60,000militarypersonnelandciviliansandover16milliondeadworldwide.(2013广州市一模）36.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutRemembranceDay?A.ItsonlyheldinCanada.B.Itsceremonylasts11hours.C.ItfallsonNovember11theachyear.D.Itstocelebratethecountrysindependence.,答案：C试题分析：这是一个直接信息题，由文中Canadians,andmillionsofothersaroundtheworldhavepausedatthe11thhourofthe11thdayofthe11thmonthtohonourthesacrificesoursoldiershavemadeindifferentwars可知答案。容易错选B.,例题分析：AstherearenomoresurvivingsoldiersofWWI，todaywerelyonthewisdomandwordsofthosesoldierswhofoughtinthewarsthatfollowed，andthisdaynowalsorecognizestheirheroiccontribution.Theytellustoalwaysrememberwhatthosebravesoulsfoughtfor,andalltheyaskinreturnisthatweneverforget.Thatswhyweweartheredpoppy(罂粟花);thatswhywhenweseeasoldierinuniformweshouldstophimorherandsay“Thankyou”;thatswhywetakeapausefromourbusylivesfortwoshortminutestodaytohonorthatrequest.(2013广州市一模）,例题分析：AstherearenomoresurvivingsoldiersofWWI，todaywerelyonthewisdomandwordsofthosesoldierswhofoughtinthewarsthatfollowed，andthisdaynowalsorecognizestheirheroiccontribution.Theytellustoalwaysrememberwhatthosebravesoulsfoughtfor,andalltheyaskinreturnisthatweneverforget.Thatswhyweweartheredpoppy(罂粟花);thatswhywhenweseeasoldierinuniformweshouldstophimorherandsay“Thankyou”;thatswhywetakeapausefromourbusylivesfortwoshortminutestodaytohonorthatrequest.(2013广州市一模）37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaRemembranceDayactivitytoday?A.Stoppingat11a.m.torememberthewardead.B.ListeningtostoriestoldbyWWIsoldiers.C.Wearingaredpoppytoshowrespect.D.Showinggratitudetosoldiersinuniform.,答案：B试题分析：这是一个间接信息题，由文中AstherearenomoresurvivingsoldiersofWWI，todaywerelyonthewisdomandwordsofthosesoldiers可知答案。容易错选A.,Practice：Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly,Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.(2010年广东高考题）51.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.,2、例证题TheauthorprovidesanexampleinparagraphinordertoWhatistheexampleof.asdescribedinthepassage?文章中举出一些例子是为了说明一定的道理。要找出举例的目的，关键在于它在原文出现的位置，通常在这个例子之前或之后不远处都有一句总结说明性的话，这句话就是答案，即举例的目的。,Youhave3minutestofinishthe2examplesandthentalkabouttheanswerwithyourpartner.Pleaseunderlinethesentencewhichcanhelpyougettheanswer.,例题分析：“Haveaniceday!”maybeapleasantgestureorameaninglessexpression.WhenmyfriendMaxiesays“haveanicedaywithasmile,Iknowshesincerelycaresaboutwhathappenstome.Ifeellovedandsecuresinceanotherpersoncaresaboutmeandwishesmewell.(2012年广东高考题）,例题分析：“Haveaniceday!”maybeapleasantgestureorameaninglessexpression.WhenmyfriendMaxiesays“haveanicedaywithasmile,Iknowshesincerelycaresaboutwhathappenstome.Ifeellovedandsecuresinceanotherpersoncaresaboutmeandwishesmewell.(2012年广东高考题）26.HowdoestheauthorunderstandMaxieswords?A.Maxieshowsheranxietytotheauthor.B.Maxiereallywishestheauthoragoodday.C.Maxieencouragestheauthortostayhappy.D.Maxiereallyworriesabouttheauthorssecurity.,答案：B试题分析：这是一个直接信息题，由文中Ifeellovedandsecuresinceanotherpersoncaresaboutmeandwishesmewell.可知答案。容易错选A.,例题分析：MymotherhaslongrealizedthelimitationsofherEnglishaswell.WhenIwasfifteen,sheusedtohavemecallpeopleonthephonetopretendIwasshe.Iwasforcedtoaskforinformationoreventoyellatpeoplewhohadbeenrudetoher.Onetime1hadtocallherstockbroker(股票经纪人).Isaidinanadolescentvoicethatwasnotveryconvincing,“ThisisMrs.Tan.”(2010年广东高考题）,例题分析：MymotherhaslongrealizedthelimitationsofherEnglishaswell.WhenIwasfifteen,sheusedtohavemecallpeopleonthephonetopretendIwasshe.Iwasforcedtoaskforinformationoreventoyellatpeoplewhohadbeenrudetoher.Onetime1hadtocallherstockbroker(股票经纪人).Isaidinanadolescentvoicethatwasnotveryconvincing,“ThisisMrs.Tan.”(2010年广东高考题）42.FromParagraph2,weknowthattheauthorwas.A.goodatpretendingB.rudetothestockbrokerC.readytohelphermotherD.unwillingtophoneforhermother,答案：D试题分析：这是一个间接信息题，由文中Iwasforcedtoaskforinformationoreventoyellatpeoplewhohadbeenrudetoher.可知答案。容易错选A.,Practice：“Youcouldwinprizes，ourteachertoldUSasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard.Shepassedoutsheetsofconstructionpaperwhilecontinuing，“Thefirstprizeistendollars.Youjusthavetomakesurethatthewordsontheblackboardappearsomewhereonyourposter.”Westudiedtheboardcritically.SomeofUSlookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard，rockingthesheetstothefightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.Wehadplansforthattendollargrandprize，eachandeveryoneofUS.Imgoingtospendmineoncandies，onehopefulwouldannounce，whileanotherpracticedlookingserious，wiseandrich.(2009年广东高考题）48.Aftertheteacherswords，allthestudentsintheclass_.A.1ookedveryseriousB.thoughttheywouldberichC.begantothinkabouttheirdesignsD.begantoplaygames,3、accordingto题：,Accordingtothepassage/sb,when(where,why,how,what,which,howmany,howoften),如果问题中有Accordingtotheauthor（passage）这样的限制语，回答时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为据，而不要凭自己的观点和经验去选择不符合文章内容的答案。,Youhave3minutestofinishthe2examplesandthentalkabouttheanswerwithyourpartner.Pleaseunderlinethesentencewhichcanhelpyougettheanswer.,例题分析：Mothers,doctorsandnursealikehavenoideaofwhereababysbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.(2012年广东高考题）,例题分析：Mothers,doctorsandnursealikehavenoideaofwhereababysbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.(2012年广东高考题）31.AccordingtoParagraph2,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels_.A.sickB.upsetC.sleepyD.hungry,答案：D试题分析：这是一个直接信息题，由文中“Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.”可知答案。容易错选C.,例题分析：Wearingashoethathaslotsofcushioningandsupportaffectsthewayyourbodynaturallymovesandstudiessuggestthatthiscarriesahigherriskofinjury,explainsMattWallden,anathleteperformanceexpert.Butwithbarefootshoes,thefootcanactuallyfeelthefirmnessandshapeoftheground,whichallowsyourbodytorespondeffectively.(2012广州市一模）,例题分析：Wearingashoethathaslotsofcushioningandsupportaffectsthewayyourbodynaturallymovesandstudiessuggestthatthiscarriesahigherriskofinjury,explainsMattWallden,anathleteperformanceexpert.Butwithbarefootshoes,thefootcanactuallyfeelthefirmnessandshapeoftheground,whichallowsyourbodytorespondeffectively.(2012广州市一模）33.AccordingtoMattWallden,thenewshoes_.A.makefeetmoresensitivetotherunningsurfaceB.willproduceimmediateimprovementsC.forceyourbodytomovelessnaturallyD.increasethechancesofgettinghurt,答案：A试题分析：这是一个间接信息题，根据第三段第三行“feelthefirmnessandshapeof.”可以得出答案。容易错选B.,Practice：Researchshowsthathumansswitchfromselfishtounselfishbehaviourwhentheyarewatched.Doyou?Apictureofasetofeyesonacomputerscreencancauseachangeinthewaypeopleact.Evenimagesofeyesonacharitydonation,collectionboxencouragepeopletobeunselfish,becausepeopleputmoremoneyinacollectionboxthathasapictureofeyesonitthantheydowhenaflowersymbolisonthebox.ManfredMilinskifromtheMax-PlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryBiologyinGermanyandBettinaRockenbachoftheUniversityofBerlin,theauthorsofanewstudy,foundthatpeopleactbetterwhentheyarebeingwatchedbecausetheyfeeltheywillberewardedforgoodbehaviour.Theirreportalsoreferredtootherresearchshowingthatthisresponseofbehavingwellwhenwatchedissomehowcodedintohumansandpeoplerespondthiswayunconsciously,orwithoutrealizingit.(2008年广东高考题）51.Accordingtothereport,whydoesapersonbehavebetterwhenhefeelsheisbeingwatched?A.Hedoesnotwanttobeshamedbyothers.B.Heneedstoshowheisagoodperson.C.Hedesiresotherstolikehimmore.D.Hefeelshewillreceivesomesocialreward.,4、wh-/how题：,这类题主要是针对who,what,which,why,how,when,where等来提问的。,为提高试题难度，命题人就“事实与细节”命题时，经常针对句子结构比较复杂的长句来设计问题。所以学生应首先找出句子的主干成分：主、谓、宾；分清次要成分，如：定语、状语、插入语等，然后对照选项来进行选择。,例题分析：Well,atlastwehavecopper-bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ（智商）scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.(2012年广东高考题）34.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeedingababyondemand?A.Thebabywillsleepwell.B.Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.C.Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D.Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.,长句分析：TheresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedSV（宾语从句）Sondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11状语Vand14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.o状语Bytheageof8,theirIQ（智商）scoresare时间状语SVfourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigid比较状语timetable.,例题分析：Well,atlastwehavecopper-bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ（智商）scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.(2012年广东高考题）34.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeelingababyondemand?A.Thebabywillsleepwell.B.Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.C.Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D.Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.,Practice：AnancientroadwhichledfromthevillagetotheRiverAvonwasalsofound.Here,theexpertsthink,peoplecameaftertheirpartiestothrowdeadrelativesinthewatersothebodieswouldbewasheddownstreamtoStonehenge.Parker-PearsonbelievesStonehengewaslikeacemeterywhereancientBritonsburiedthedeadandrememberedtheirancestors.“ThetheoryisthatStonehengeisakindofspirithometotheancestors。”(2008年广东高考题）44.Whatdoexpertsthinkpeopledidafterthevillageparties?A.ReturnedtoliveatStonehenge.B.Prayedforgoodluckinthenewyear.C.HuntedfarmpigsasasportD.Puttheirdeadrelativesintheriver.,先后排序题首尾定位法这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。,命题方式有:Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedto?Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Whichistherightorderfordoing?,Youhave3minutestofinishthe2examplesandthentalkabouttheanswerwithyourpartner.Pleaseunderlinethesentencewhichcanhelpyougettheanswer.,例题分析：Bornin1963，Deppwassomewhattroublesomeasayouth,occasionallyturningtopetty-crimeanddrugs.Whenhisparentsdivorcedin1978，DeppdroppedoutofschoolagainsthismotherswishesandstartedamusicbandcalledtheKids.Althoughthebandachievedsomesuccess,theywereseldomabletomakeendsmeet，withDeppoftenunabletopayhisrent,sleepingroughonfriendssofasandeveninhiscar.In1983，theever-optimisticDeppandhisnewwife,LoriAnderson,movedtoHollywoodCaliforniatofurtherDeppsmusicalcareer.ButlifetherecontinuedtobeastruggleandDeppwasforcedtotakeajobsellingpensdoortodoortosupporthisnewfamily.HisluckchangedwhenLorisex-boyfriend,thefamousactorNicholasCage,impressedbyDeppsgoodlooksandintelligence,suggestedhebecomeanactorandhelpedhimgetasmallpartinamovie.SeveralotherminormovierolesandadivorcefromLorifollowed，beforeDeppgothisbigbreakthreeyearslater.Helandedtheleadingroleinthetelevisionseries21JumpStreet，playingayouthfulundercoverpoliceofficer.ThehugelypopularshowturnedDeppintoateenageheartthrobovernight.Heappearedonthecoverofcountlessmagazinesandwasmuchsoughtafterbymovieproducers,eagertoexploithispopularitywithteenagegirls.ButDeppleft21JumpStreetafterthreeyears,whenitwasattheheightofitspopularity,lateradmittingthathehatedtheshowsunoriginalstorylinesandhis“prettyboy”character.Inthedecadethatfollowed,Depprejectedrepeatedoffersof“prettyboy”rolesinbig-budgetHollywoodfilms.Insteadheestablishedhimselfasaserious,somewhatdark,peculiarperformer,consistentlyselectingrolesinsmaller,independentfilmsthatsurprisecriticsandaudiencesalike.EveninthemoviethatmadeDeppaninternationalsuperstar,ThePiratesoftheCaribbean(2003)，hewasbarelyrecognizableasCaptainJackSparrow,theBritish，long-hairedgolden-toothedpirate.ThisandsubsequenthitmovieshaveplacedDeppattheverytopofthecommercialfilmindustry(withapay-checkof$20millionforeachsuchmovie)buthestillcontinuestomakethesmaller,strangerfilmsforwhichheissogreatlyadmired.(2013广州市一模）,例题分析：Bornin1963，Deppwassomewhattroublesomeasayouth,occasionallyturningtopetty-crimeanddrugs.Whenhisparentsdivorcedin1978，DeppdroppedoutofschoolagainsthismotherswishesandstartedamusicbandcalledtheKids.Althoughthebandachievedsomesuccess,theywereseldomabletomakeendsmeet，withDeppoftenunabletopayhisrent,sleepingroughonfriendssofasandeveninhiscar.EveninthemoviethatmadeDeppaninternationalsuperstar,ThePiratesoftheCaribbean(2003)，hewasbarelyrecognizableasCaptainJackSparrow,theBritish，long-hairedgolden-toothedpirate.ThisandsubsequenthitmovieshaveplacedDeppattheverytopofthecommercialfilmindustry(withapay-checkof$20millionforeachsuchmovie)buthestillcontinuestomakethesmaller,strangerfilmsforwhichheissogreatlyadmired.(2013广州市一模）,例题分析：Bornin1963，Deppwassomewhattroublesomeasayouth,occasionallyturningtopetty-crimeanddrugs.Whenhisparentsdivorcedin1978，DeppdroppedoutofschoolagainsthismotherswishesandstartedamusicbandcalledtheKids.Althoughthebandachievedsomesuccess,theywereseldomabletomakeendsmeet，withDeppoftenunabletopayhisrent,sleepingroughonfriendssofasandeveninhiscar.In1983，theever-optimisticDeppandhisnewwife,LoriAnderson,movedtoHollywoodCaliforniatofurtherDeppsmusicalcareer.ButlifetherecontinuedtobeastruggleandDeppwasforcedtotakeajobsellingpensdoortodoortosupporthisnewfamily.HisluckchangedwhenLorisex-boyfriend,thefamousactorNicholasCage,impressedbyDeppsgoodlooksandintelligence,suggestedhebecomeanactorandhelpedhimgetasmallpartinamovie.SeveralotherminormovierolesandadivorcefromLorifollowed，beforeDeppgothisbigbreakthreeyearslater.Helandedtheleadingroleinthetelevisionseries21JumpStreet，playingayouthfulundercoverpoliceofficer.ThehugelypopularshowturnedDeppintoateenageheartthrobovernight.Heappearedonthecoverofcountlessmagazinesandwasmuchsoughtafterbymovieproducers,eagertoexploithispopularitywithteenagegirls.ButDeppleft21JumpStreetafterthreeyears,whenitwasattheheightofitspopularity,lateradmittingthathehatedtheshowsunoriginalstorylinesandhis“prettyboy”character.Inthedecadethatfollowed,Depprejectedrepeatedoffersof“prettyboy”rolesinbig-budgetHollywoodfilms.Insteadheestablishedhimselfasaserious,somewhatdark,peculiarperformer,consistentlyselectingrolesinsmaller,independentfilmsthatsurprisecriticsandaudiencesalike.EveninthemoviethatmadeDeppaninternationalsuperstar,ThePiratesoftheCaribbean(2003)，hewasbarelyrecognizableasCaptainJackSparrow,theBritish，long-hairedgolden-toothedpirate.ThisandsubsequenthitmovieshaveplacedDeppattheverytopofthecommercialfilmindustry(withapay-checkof$20millionforeachsuchmovie)buthestillcontinuestomakethesmaller,strangerfilmsforwhichheissogreatlyadmired.(2013广州市一模）43.InwhichorderdidthefollowingeventstakeplaceinDeppslife?a.metNicholasCageb.startedabandcalledtheKidsc.playedaBritishpirated.soldpensdoortodoore.gotmarriedtoLoriAndersonf.starredinaTVshowA.d,b,e,a，c,fB.b，e，d，a，f，cC.a,b,f，c,d,eD.e，d,a，c，f,b,答案：B试题分析：根据第二段第三行“startedamusicbandcalledtheKids.”和第五段第三行“hewasbarelyrecognizableasCaptainJackSparrow,theBritish，long-hairedgolden-toothedpirate.”可以得出答案。,Practice:Thedirty,homelessmansatonthepavement,staringattheatones.Hethoughtbackmorethantwentyyearstowhenhewasaboylivinginasmallredbrickhouseonthisverystreet.Herecalledtheflowergarden,theswinghisdadmade,andthebikehehadsavedupformonthstobuy.Themanshruggedimpatiently,forthebrightnessofthosepictureshurthim,andhismemorytravelledonanothertenyears.Hehadajobbythen,plentyoffriendsandstartedtocomehomeless.Hedidnotreallywanttorememberthoseyears,northedaywhen,becauseodebts,hehadgonehomeplanningtoaskformoney.Hefeltembarrassed,butheknewexactlywherehisdadkeptthemoney.Whenhisparentssteppedoutoftheroom,hetookwhathewantedandleft.Thatwasthelasttimehehadseenthem.Ashamed,hewentabroad,andhisparentsknewnothingabouttheyearsofwanderingortimeinprison.Butlockedinhiscellheoftenthoughtofhome.Oncefree,hewouldlovetoseehisparentsagain,iftheywerestillalive,andstillwantedtoseehim.Whenhisprisontimewasup,hefound-ajob,butcouldntsettle.Somethingwasdrawinghimhome.Hedidnotwanttoarrivepenniless,sohehitchhikedmostofthelongjourneyback.Butlessthanamilefromhisdestinationhestartedtofeelsickwithdoubt.Couldtheyeveracceptthismanwhohadsobitterlydisappointedthem?Hespentmostofthatdaysittingunderatree.Thateveninghepostedaletterwhich,althoughshort,hadtakenhimhourstowrite.Itendedwith:Iknowitisunreasonableofmetosupposeyouwanttoseeme.soitsuptoyou.IllcomeearlyThursdaymorning.Ifyouwantmehome,hangawhitehandkerchiefinthewindowofmyoldbedroom.Ifitsthere,Illcomein;ifnot,Illwavegood-byeandgo.Andno