结构工程英语

ABriefIntroductionOfArchitecturalEngineering,1,2,3,4,5,6,Defination,Classification,ConcreteStructure,SteelStructure,MasonryStructure,TimberStructure,01,Definition,ONE,Architecturalengineering,alsoknownasbuildingengineering,istheapplicationofengineeringprinciplesandtechnologytobuildingdesignandconstruction.,Definition,Buildingstructureisthesystemthatcomposedoffoundation,wall,column,beam,support,roofandotherbearingmembers.,02,Classification,TWO,Classificationbymainstructuralmaterials,03,ConcreteStructure,THREE,Concreteisoneofthemostdurablebuildingmaterials.Itprovidessuperiorfireresistancecomparedwithwoodenconstructionandgainsstrengthovertime.Structuresmadeofconcretecanhavealongservicelife.,TheBuffaloCityCourtBuildinginBuffalo,NY.Buffalo布法罗（美国纽约州西部一城市）,EmpireStateBuilding,SydneyOperaHouse,ConcreteStructure,Manydifferenttypesofstructuresandcomponentsofstructurescanbebuiltusingreinforcedconcreteincludingslabs,walls,beams,columns,found-ations,framesandmore.Reinforcedconcretecanbeclassifiedasprecast(预制)orcast-in-place(现浇)concrete.,Comparisonofthefailureofreinforcedconcretebeamsandplainconcretebeams,ConcreteStructure,Threephysicalcharacteristicsgivereinforcedconcreteitsspecialproperties.TheConcretehasprotectiveeffectonsteelbarCoefficientofthermalexpansion(热膨胀系数)ofconcreteissimilartothatofsteel,eliminatinglargeinternalstressesduetodifferencesinthermalexpansionorcontraction.Whenthecementpastewithintheconcretehardens,thisconformstothesurfacedetailsofthesteel,permittinganystresstobetransmittedefficientlybetweenthedifferentmaterials.Usuallysteelbarsareroughenedorcorrugatedtofurtherimprovethebondorcohesionbetweentheconcreteandsteel.,ConcreteStructure,04,SteelStructure,FOUR,Asteelstructurebuildingisametalstructurefabricatedwithsteelfortheinternalsupportandforexteriorcladding,asopposedtosteelframedbuildingswhichgenerallyuseothermaterialsforfloors,walls,andexternalenvelope.Steelstructurebuildingsareusedforavarietyofpurposesincludingstorage,workspacesandlivingaccommodation.Theyareclassifiedintospecifictypesdependingonhowtheyareused.,04,SteelStructure,FOUR,SteelStructure,EiffelTower,TheNationalStadium,GuangzhouOperaHouse,CCTVTower,SteelStructure,AdvantagesSteelisagreenproduct;itisstructurallysoundandmanufacturedtostrictspecificationsandtolerances.Itisalsoenergyefficient.Anyexcessmaterialis100%recyclable.Steeldoesnoteasilywarp,buckle,twistorbend,andisthereforeeasytomodifyandoffersdesignflexibility.Steelisalsoeasytoinstall.Steeliscosteffectiveandrarelyfluctuates(flktuet波动;涨落)inprice.,SteelStructure,Steelallowsforimprovedqualityofconstructionandlessmaintenance,whileofferingimprovedsafetyandresistance.Withthepropagationofmoldandmildewinresidentialbuildings,usingsteelminimizestheseinfestations.Moldneedsmoist,porousmaterialtogrow.Steelstudsdonothavethoseproblems,SteelStructure,Heatconductivity:Calculationsshowthatthewebofan18-gaugesteelstudisabout31timesthinnerthanatwo-bywoodstud;however,steelconductsheat310timesmoreefficientlythanwood.Asanetresult,atwo-bysteelstudwillconduct10timesmoreheatthanatwo-bywoodstud.Easycorrosion:surfaceneedcoatinganti-corrosioncoatings,reduceoravoidcorrosion,improvethedurabilityoflife.,Disadvantages,SteelStructure,Typeofreinforcement,reinforcement,hot-rolledsteelbar,cold-drawsteelbar,cold-rolledsteelbar,healtreatedrebar,HPB235,HRB335,HRB400,RRB400,plainroundbar,deformedbar,deformedbar,deformedbar,（热轧钢筋）,（冷拉钢筋）,（冷轧钢筋）,（热处理钢筋）,（光圆钢筋）,（变形钢筋）,SteelStructure,mechanicalpropertiesofsteelbars,reinforcedbarwithobviousyieldpoint,比例极限,屈服强度,极限强度,fy,ft,e,d,流幅,a,b,c,oaelasticstage,aproportionallimit,byieldstrength,cdhardeningstage,dultimatestrength,defailurestage,reinforcedbarwithoutobviousyieldpoint,0.2%,0.2,0.2conditionalyieldstrengh（条件屈服强度）,05,MasonryStructure,FIVE,Masonryisthebuildingofstructuresfromindividualunitslaidinandboundtogetherbymortar.Thecommonmaterialsofmasonryconstructionarebrick,buildingstone.Masonryisgenerallyahighlydurableformofconstruction.,MasonryStructure,TheGreatWall,GreatWildGoosePagoda,TheZhaozhouBrige,Colosseum,TheancientpyramidsofEgypt,MilanCathedral,MasonryStructure,AdvantagesTheuseofmaterialsuchasbricksandstonescanincreasethethermalmassofabuildingandcanprotectthebuildingfromfire.Mosttypesofmasonrytypicallywillnotrequirepaintingandsocanprovideastructurewithreducedlife-cyclecosts.Masonrystructurescanhaveausefullifeofmorethan500yearsascomparedto30to100forstructuresofsteelorreinforcedconcrete.,MasonryStructure,Disadvantages,MasonryStructure,Mechanicalmodellingofmasonrystructures,Fromthepointofviewofmaterialmodelling,masonryisaspecialmaterialofextrememechanicalproperties(withaveryhighratiobetweenstrengthincompressionandintension),sothattheappliedloadsdonotdiffuseastheydoinelasticbodies,buttendtopercolatealonglinesofhighstiffness,06,TimberStructure,SIX,Thestructurethatloadsactonitaremainlybearedbywood.,TangstimberstructureNanzen-jiTemple（南禅寺）,TimberStructure,TangstimberstructureFouguangTemple（五台山佛光寺）,LiaoDynastystimberst