(ppt)-全国高校网络教育大学英语（b）级考试

全国高校网络教育大学英语（B）级考试,内容目录,考试概述,考试大纲分析,解题技巧,复习资料,解题技巧,（一）什么是技巧,基本功,实战训练,总结规律,理性分析,合理判断,（二）各种题型解题技巧,解交际用语题的技巧解阅读理解题的技巧解语法与词汇题的技巧解完型填空题的技巧解作文题的技巧,解语法与词汇题的技巧,词汇：根据考试大纲的要求，考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1800个单词及其基本的搭配。,主要涉及到名词、动词、动词短语、形容词、副词的近义词、同义词、近形词之间的辨析，词的搭配及惯用法。,题型与考点分析,词汇与结构题主要测试考生运用词汇、短语及语法知识的能力，分选择题和填空题两部分。通过近五年的真题分析，词汇部分的考点主要集中在：a.词义辨析含固定词组的意义 辨析 b.固定搭配/短语 c.形容词、副词比较级和最高级,词义辨析解题指导,词义辨析在B级考试中是一个必考项目，而 且比重不小。解答这类题型时，必须牢记一 点：结合上下文语境，确定空白处所需的单 词或短语的含义和词性，再从选项出发，辨 析各选项的细微差别，从而选出最佳答案。,真题汇编： 1. Peter will _ the job as Sales Manager when John retiresA) put away B) take over C) work out D) make up(2010/6)答案 B 本题考查动词词组的用法。四个选项中只有 take over 可与sales manager搭配，表示“接 任、接管某项职务或工作”。2. The general manager has promised to _ the matter in person(2010/6)A) get up B) look into C) see off D) put on答案 B 本题考查动词短语的意义，look into意为 “调查（问题或罪行）”。,3. How much does it _ to take the online training course? A) cost B) give C) pay D) spend (2009/12)答案 A 本题考查近义词的用法。“某物花费多少钱”使用sth. costs some money4. Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up recently. (2009/12)A) immediately B) roughly C) heavily D) completely 答案 C 本题考查副词词义的辨别.5. Please call me back _ you see this message. (2009/12)A) as well as B) as early as C) as far as D) as soon as 答案 D 本题主要区分形近短语的意思。As soon as 意为“一. 就”,6. When dealing with a _ task, Alice always asks for help from people around her. (2008/6)A) difficult B) wonderful C) funny D) simple 答案 A 考查形容词词义辨析，是一道逻辑判断题。7. Soft drink sales in this city have _ by 8% compared with last year. (2008/6)A) picked B) moved C) increased D) pushed 答案 C 考查动词词义辨析，是一道逻辑判断题。8. To obtain a visa to enter that country for the first time, you need to apply _. (2008/6)A) in part B) in person C) in turn D) in place 答案 B “in person”表示“亲自”的意思，符合题意。,8. In his report of the accident he _some important details. A) missed B) wasted C) escaped D) failed (2007/6) 答案 A 考查动词词义辨析，选项A（遗漏）符合逻辑。9. She gave up her _as a reporter at the age of 25. A) career B) interest C) life D) habit (2007/6)答案 A 考查名词词义辨析，选项A “职业”10. All the traveling _are paid by the company if you travel on business. (2006/12 ) A) charges B) money C) prices D) expenses答案 D 本题考查学生对词汇意义的掌握。根据题意逻辑判 断，公司会负担所有的旅行费用，而expenses意思 是费用、开支.,固定搭配/短语解题指导,这一块内容需要大家平时多注意积累和记忆。真题汇编：2010年6月1. I am sorry, but I have a question to _ you A) treat B) influence C) ask D) change答案 C 本题考查动词与名词的搭配。注意双宾语结 构 ask sb. a question。,2. If you move, you must inform us _ the change of you address.A) with B) for C) in D) of答案 D 本题考查介词与动词的搭配。inform sb. of sth. 意为“告诉某人某事”。 2009年12月3. If you need more information, please contact us _ telephone or email. A) in B) by C) on D) for 答案 B 本题考查介词的用法。 by telephone or email。,2009年6月4. What are the essential differences _ selling and marketing? A) between B) from C) among D) for 答案 A 考查与differences搭配的介词。Difference betweenand 表示“与之间的区别” 2008年6月5. _ our great surprise, the new secretary can speak four foreign languages. A) Of B) In C) To D) For 答案 C “to ones surprise” 是一个固定短语。,形容词、副词比较级和最高级,从五年的真题来看，这块内容在每次的考试都有出现，但题量不大 1题/年。考点主要集中在：a.比较级+than（单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er，其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.）b.句型 “the +比较级, the+比较级 c.最高级（单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-est；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加most ）,不规则变化 good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least far-farther(更远) /further (程度更深)-farthest/furthest old-older (比年龄大) /elder (年长的，做定语) oldest/eldest,真题汇编：1. Gas prices are (high) _ here than in other parts of the country答案 higher 本题考查的是比较级的用法。句中的 than是比较级的标志。 2. The film turned out to be (successful) _ than we had expected. 答案 more successful 本题考查形容词的比较级。,3. The(late) _model of the racing car will be on display at the exhibition this week. 答案 latest 考查形容词的最高级。这里用最高级才 能使句意通顺。4. The more careful you are, the(well) _you will be able to complete the work. 答案 better 考查固定句型 “the +比较级, the+比较 级 ”,语法部分的考点主要集中在以下几个方面： a.虚拟语气 (6%) b.非谓语动词 (13.5%) c.时态和语态 (11.5%) d.各类从句 (9%) e.特殊句式 (3%) f.情态动词+have+done(2%),题型与考点分析,虚拟语气考点梳理,一、If 条件状语虚拟语气 a. 同现在事实相反的假设: 条件从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式，(如果谓语动词是系动词，要用were），主句的谓语动词用would (should, could, might)+动词原形。例如： If I were you, I would go abroad. b. 同过去事实相反的假设: 条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句的谓语用would (should, could, might) +have done, 例如： If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.,虚拟语气,c. 表示对将来的假想: 条件从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，或were to +动词原形，主句的谓语动词用would (should, could, might)+动词原形，例如： If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将if 省略，再把 were, should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。例如： Were they here now, they could help us. = If they were here now, they could help us.,虚拟语气的形式与基本用法,（一）if 条件句形式总结,二、主语从句中的虚拟语气1) “ It is +形容词+ that” 结构中主语从句的谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接用动词原形。这些形容词一般表示“应当，必须，惊奇，重要”等意思，主要有：essential, important, necessary, vital, desirable, imperative, advisable, surprising, incredible , obligatory, better, preferable, 等，例如： It is necessary that everyone keep a secret.或 It is necessary that everyone should keep a secret.,虚拟语气,2)“ It is +动词的过去分词+that从句”，谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接用动词原形。这些动词一般表示“要求，命令，建议等”有：require, demand, request, desire, suggest, recommend, order, decide, propose等，例如： It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by plane.,虚拟语气,3)“ It is +名词+that从句”，从句中的谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接用动词原形。这些名词有，a pity, a shame, no wonder等，例如： It is a pity that you should fail in the examination.,虚拟语气,三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：1) 在表示命令、建议、要求、请求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，谓语中的动词用“should+动词原形”或将should省略，直接用动词原形。这些动词常见的有：order, demand, desire, request, demand, require, insist, propose, suggest recommend, advise, move, ask, maintain, urge等，例如： The doctor suggested that she not smoke.,虚拟语气,2) 动词wish后的宾语从句，表示与事实相反的情况或不太可能实现的愿望，如果表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一般过去式；如果与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果与将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用“would (could)+动词原形” 例如： She wished she had not said it.,虚拟语气,四、同位语从句或表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示“建议，计划，命令，要求”等含义的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中要求用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形或省略should 直接用动词原形，这些名词主要有：demand ,desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, suggestion, necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea, proposal, request, command, importance, recommendation等，例如： His suggestion is that you should attend the meeting.,虚拟语气,五、其他需要使用虚拟语气的句式1）would rather 后可以用动词原形表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“have done”表示与过去事实相反，例如： I would rather go shopping tomorrow than today. would rather后接从句时，如果表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句中用动词过去式；表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用动词的过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用动词的过去完成式。,虚拟语气,2)“ It is high/about time +that从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词一般用动词的一般过去式。例如： It is high time that we began to work.3) as if, as though,引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，以及if only引导的句子，其动词形式与wish宾语从句中的形式相同，例如： She loves the students as if they were her children.,虚拟语气,4) 在“in case, lest, for fear ”引导的状语从句 中表示“以防，以免”，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。 You took the raincoat in case it should rain.5) 含蓄虚拟结构: 含蓄虚拟条件句通常用supposing, but for, but that, given, without, otherwise等词引出，例如： But for his help, I would not have completed the task.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气真题汇编1. If the engineer (come) _ here yesterday the problem would have been solved. (2010/6)答案had come此题考查的是if条件句虚拟语气的用法。2. The adviser recommended that Mary (start)_ the training program as soon as possible. (2009/6)答案（should）start 考查动词recommend后的宾语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。,虚拟语气,3. If I hadnt attended an important meeting yesterday, I _ to see you. (2008/6) A) will have come B) would have come C) have come D) had come 答案 B 考查If 引导的虚拟语气，从句用“had done”, 主句用“would have done”,虚拟语气,4. Look at the clock! Its time _ work. A) we started B) well start C) were starting D) we have started 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。“Its time / its about time / its high time”之后的从句要用一般过去时 表示一种婉转的建议或提议。故正确答案是A。,虚拟语气,模拟练习：1. Her parents insisted that she _ good education for her future.A. received B. receive C. must receive D. would receive 2. He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known3. I didnt go to the cinema the day before yesterday, but I do wish I _ there.答案(C)A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be,B,虚拟语气,B,C,4. Had he worked hard, he _ the exams.A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through 5. It is strange that she _ to school so late.A. come B. comes C. came D. might come6. If only she _ the opportunity to go to university in those years.A. has B. has had C. will have D. had had,B,虚拟语气,A,D,非谓语动词考点梳理, 非谓语动词有-ing分词，不定式，-ed分词三种，不能单独作谓语。 非谓语动词考点主要集中在以下几点： I. 介词后加名词，动词要加-ing. 例如： She apologized for not being able to take part in the party.,非谓语动词考点梳理,II. 固定搭配（请大家平时注意积累） a. 以下动词后常用不定式作宾语：afford, agree, arrange, attempt, choose, dare, decide, determine, expect, happen, hesitate, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, seem, swear, want, undertake等。,非谓语动词考点梳理,II. 固定搭配 b. 以下动词后常用-ing分词作宾语： appreciate, admit, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, favor, feel like, finish, imagine, mind, miss, postpone, resent, resist, suggest等。,非谓语动词考点梳理,II. 固定搭配c. 以下动词后既可以用-ing分词也可用不定式作宾语/宾补，但有很大的差别： 1）remember, forget, regret后加-ing 分词表示事情 已发生；后加不定式表示事情未发生。 2）stop to do 表示停下来做另一件事；stop doing 表示停止正在做的事 3）感官动词如see, watch 等+sb. 后加-ing 分词表示 正在做某事；后加不带to 的不定式则表示做了 某事。,非谓语动词考点梳理,II. 固定搭配 4) used to do 过去常常做 be used to doing 习惯做 be used to do 被用来做 d. 使役动词后用不带to的不定式做宾补， 改成被动后要还原 to. make sb. do sb. be made to do,非谓语动词考点梳理,II. 固定搭配 e. 其他固定搭配：have sth. done, keep (sb.) doing, spend doing, it is /was +形容词+to do, 特殊疑 问词+to do, sth. needs doing, be worth doing, Youd better do , would like to do, cant help doing等等有很多，这就需要大家平时注意积累。,非谓语动词考点梳理,III. 考查非谓语动词时态语态意义的变化，特别是 非谓语动词作定语和状语时。 非谓语动词时态意义语态意义： 1）不定式表示将来 主动to do; 被动 to be done; 完成to have done 2）-ing分词表示进行 主动doing; 被动 being done; 完成 having done 3）-ed分词表示完成被动,非谓语动词考点梳理,例如： A bridge being built now 进行被动-正在修建的桥 A bridge to be built next year 将来被动-明年要修建的桥 A bridge built two years ago 完成被动-两年前修建的桥,非谓语动词考点梳理,IV. 非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题： (1) 不定式作后置定语 (2) 一般情况下单个分词作前 置定语，分词短语作后置定语。例如： I have an important meeting to attend. Our country is a developing country. The car ran along the road covered with snow.,非谓语动词考点梳理,真题汇编：2010年6月1. I feel its a great honor for me _ to this party. A) to invite B) invite C) having invited D) to be invited 答案 D 本题考查不定式作主语的用法。It在feel之后的宾语从句中充当形式主语，而真正的主语则是后面的不定式；此外，根据句子逻辑，应为“被邀请”之意，因此需要使用不定式的被动形式，即to be invited.,2009年12月2. As the price of oil keeps _, people have to pay more for driving a car. A) to go up B) going up C) gone up D) go up 答案B 本题考查 keep与动词的搭配。keep doing sth.，意为“一直做某事或持续做某事” 。3. Readers are not allowed (bring) _ food and drinks into the Library at any time. 答案：to bring 本题考查动词allow的固定搭配。 allow sb. to do sth. 4. We are looking forward to (work) _ with you in the future. 答案：working 固定搭配look forward to doing sth.,2009年6月5. Weve only got one day in Paris, so wed better (make) _ the best use of the time. 答案：make。had better 后的动词应为动词原 形，had better do sth.2008年6月6. Customers consider location as the first factor when _a decision about buying a house. A) make B) made C) to make D) making 答案D 考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，make 和 逻辑主语customers之间是主动关系。,2007年6月7. The general manager sat there，_to the report from each department. A) to listen B) listen C) being listened D) listening 答案D 考查现在分词作伴随状语。The general manager 与 listen 为主动关系，所以用listening。8. It is quite difficult for me (decide) _who should be given the job. 答案 to decide 考查固定句型 “it is +形容词+（for sb.）+ to do”,2006年12月9. Price is not the only thing customers consider before _what to buy.A) deciding B) decided C) to decide D) having decided 答案 A 考查“before + 动名词”结构作时间状语的 用法。Before 既可以做连词引导时间状语从句， 也可以用作介词。,非谓语动词考点梳理,模拟练习：1. The headmaster wanted the new classroom building _ as soon as possible. A. to put up B. to be put up C. to have been put up D. being put up2. _, your composition is full of mistakes. A. Writing carelessly B. Written carelessly C. Having written carelessly D. Being written carelessly,B,B,3. I know its not important, but I cant help _about it. A. to think B. and think C. thinking D. being thought 4. _several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.A. Having been failed B. Having failed C. Though failed D. Because of failure,C,B,5. She searched the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to restD. rest6. Last summer I took a course on_.A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made7. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_.A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard,C,A,D,8. Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing9. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off10. _a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having receivedD. Having not received,A,A,C,11. I would appreciate _back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 12. _is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk,C,B,13. The retired man is used to _ his two dogs early in the morning. A. exercise B. exercising C. exercised D. exercises 14. The room is so dirty that it needs_. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. clean,B,B,-动词的时态,考试重点：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have （has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。,时态与语态考点梳理,时态与语态考点梳理,时态与语态在B级考试中也是一个常考的内容， 有时单考时态，有时是两者结合在一起考。时态 (一)、一般现在时：1. 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。,2. 表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。 3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。 例：He can swim. 另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理， 不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在 时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用 一般现在时。,4. 在时间、条件状语从句中，主句表示将来，从句 用一般现在时。常用的连词有as soon as，when， till，if。例: They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing （答案：B）,(二)、一般过去时：一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解： 1. 过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常和过去时间状语连用。 例：I bought a new shirt yesterday. 2. 过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例：When I was a child,I often played with fire. 3. 谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。例: Lu Xun was a great writer. 4. 有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。例：What did you say?,(三)、一般将来时1. will（shall）+原形动词will可以用于任何人称，需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时，will可以换成shall，特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中，一般用shall：表示将来的动作或状态。例：He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。2. be going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗？3. be to + 动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。,4. be about to + 动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。例：The lecture is about to begin. 讲座即将开始。5.某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如： go, come, start, arrive, leave 等的现在进行时可 表示将来。（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。,（四）、过去将来时 表示在过去预计将要发生的动作。是在某一过去时之后发生的动作。我们可以理解为它是“立足于过去，着眼于未来”的一种时态。常用于宾语从句。其结构为“would/should +v”，第一人称用should，其它人称用would。 例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.他想知道会议何时开始。,（五）、现在进行时1. 表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。例：The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。例：I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参加一个会议。 3. 某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如： go, come, start, arrive, leave 等的现在进行时可表 示将来。,其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing。1. 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。 例： They were playing football at ten oclock yesterday morning. I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday. 2. 过去某阶段持续进行的动作。例：What were you doing during the holiday?,（六）、过去进行时,另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时例： Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.when 和while 的用法(1) I fell and hurt myself while I _tennis. A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played（答案：A。连接词when 表示时间上的点，其所