南京信息工程大学语言文化学院英语系试卷B综合英语3课程试卷(-B卷)参考答案及评分标准

南京信息工程大学20082009学年第 1 学期综合英语3 课程试卷(B卷)注意：1、本试卷共9页； 2、考试时间120分钟；出卷时间：20XX年12月3、姓名、学号等必须写在指定地方；4、本考卷适用专业年级：英语（本）20XX级任课教师：沈广湫、姜萍，张玉环学号姓名Task One Spelling (10%)In this section, you are required to spell the word according to its English definitions and its first letter. Please write down your words on the ANSWER BOOKLET.1. a_ a signature of a famous person2. e_ to illegally force someone to give you something, especially money, by threatening them3. i_ rude and not respectful, especially to someone who is older or more important4. a_ something that is different from something else, especially from what is usual, and offering the possibility of choice5. a_ to obtain something6. o_ ideas, methods, or behavior are accepted by most people to be correct and right7. n_ (especially of ideas) unclear and lacking form8. i_ impossible to change 9. v_ almost entirely10.a_ lacking individuality, distinction, or recognizabilityTask Two Translation (10%) Translate the following sentences into English with the given words or phrases. Please write your translation on the ANSWER BOOKLET.1. 毕业后，她先是做老师，然后当了校长。（to start with）2. 他请人把东西用一块蓝布包好，装进箱子里。(wrap) 3. 她获得了年度最佳女演员奖，大家都觉得她当之无愧。（deserve）4. 他们的争吵源于一个小小的笑话。(arise out of) 5. 老师对他们说，未来怎么样全看个人所受的教育。(hinge on) Task Three: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Please write your translation on the ANSWER BOOKLET.(10%)No one remembers Branwells name, much less his art or literature, but Bronte sisters tragically shot lives teach us even more of life than of literature. Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would any mere beast of burden, but by their integrity, strength, commitment, couragespiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. Patrick Bronte fathered Branwell, but more importantly, he fathered Anne, Emily and Charlotte. Were he alive today he would surely urge us to put away our pass prejudices and avoid his own tragic and irrevocable error of putting all of his eggs in one male basket! Task Four Vocabulary and Grammar (20%)There are 20 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Please mark your choice on the ANSWER BOOKLET.1. If Adam hadnt been at home, he _ come and fetch them in his car. A. hadnt been able to B. wouldnt have been able to C. havent been able to D. wasnt able to 2. In a bank you usually have a current account, which is the one where you put your salary and then _ money to pay your everyday bills.A. withdraw B overdraw C. draw D. deposit 3. We asked the man of a Music Kiosk if there were traditional Russian songs such as An Evening in the Suburbs of Moscow, and he seemed confused. So we sang the melody to _.A. rack his brains B. cross his mind C. jog his memory D. bear in mind 4. The factory operated _ until the order was filled.A. at times B. to the minute C. day by day D. around the clock 5. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _.A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken6. The drunkard was found _ under the bench in the park.A. to lie dead B. lying dead C. lie dead D. lying died 7. In order not to be heard, the woman _ that someone was moving about in the bush.A. screamed B. shouted C. spoke D. whispered 8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we _ grab a bite at the snack bar. A. may well B. just as well C. might as well D. as well 9. The defendant was finally found _ of the charge. A. ignorant B. innocent C. free D. accused 10. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit _ reach.A. at B. near C. within D. beyond 11. Its no good _ him. He is always indifferent towards others matters.A. turning to B. turning into C. to turn to D. to turn into 12. It was the drivers _ that cause him to step on the gas instead of the brake after his car went over the curb. A. fraud B. alarm C. terror D. panic 13. It is an important_ of the company to promote its new products.A. toil B. task C. labor D. work 14. Looking from the village bridge, you will see that the green field_ as far as those trees down there. A. spreads B. grows C. expands D. stretches 15. It wasnt such a good dinner _she hadpromised us.A. that B. whichC. as D. what16. _ drills that have no real topic have to remain as they are.A. Manufacture B. Manipulative C. Manipulate D. Manifest 17. In Transforming Mars, the recommended program_ five stages. A. falls into B. falls for C. falls down D. falls in 18. The audience waited in _ silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.A. respective B. respect C. respectful D. respectable 19. Young people are not _ to stand andlook at works of art; they want art they canparticipate in.A. conservative B. content C. confident D. generous 20. They found the lecture hard _.A. to understand B. for understanding C. to have understood D. understand Task Five Reading Comprehension (20%)In this section there are four passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer or complete the statement. Please mark your choice on the ANSWER BOOKLET.Passage OneDigital image scans are often more detailed than those taken by digital cameras: even a low-end film scanner, with resolution of only 1800 dots per inch (also stated as pixels per inch), turns 35-millimeter film into digital images of about five megapixels, more resolution than most amateur digital cameras provide. Scanners that resolve 4 000 d.p.i. or more have higher resolution than even professional digital single-lens-reflex cameras.That is a mixed blessing: the more detailed the scan, the slower. And stored in the high-quality TIFF format, digital image files at 4 000 d.p.i. can take more than 130 megabytes of computer disk space; TIFF files from eight-megapixel digital cameras take up less than 30 megabytes.Big files also take a long time to load, and editing them requires a lot of computer memory. But as with a digital camera, there is no need to use the highest-quality settings for every photo, just for the ones you hope to enlarge a lot or crop until one face in the crowd becomes a portrait.For less demanding shots, you can save file space by reducing the scanners resolution and other settings, and saving files as compressed JPEGs rather than as TIFFS. At 1 800 d.p;i., a TIFF image takes up only about a fifth as much space as at 4 000 d.p.i. Saving the image as a JPEG file, which compresses files by discarding the least conspicuous picture details, can reduce file size by one-third to more than 90 percent, depending on the level of compression you select. These changes will usually be undetectable on a computer monitor and on prints up to 8 by 10 inches.Perhaps because of the precision needed, film scanning is not a rapid process, and the higher your quality standards, the longer it takes. Higher resolution, greater color depth and large file sizes slow the process. So do some of the corrective features in scanners or their software. 1. According to the passage, digital image scans_.A. have higher resolution than professional digital single-lens-reflex camerasB. have resolutions ranging between 1 800 d.p.i. and 4 000 d.p.i.C. can turn images into filmsD. resolve better than most amateur digital cameras2. The fact that digital image Hies at 4 000 d.p.i. stored in the high-quality tiff formatoccupy 130 megabytes of computer disk space indicates_.A. an advantage of the scansB. the precision of scanned images C. a disadvantage of the scansD. a blessing of the scans 3. If you save scanned files in the JPEG format, _.A. you can reduce file size by one-third at mostB. the details discarded will not be detectedC. the prints usually make no differenceD. you can compress the file size you want4. Which of the following is true?A. Scans use the TIFF file format to save bigger images.B. Scans use the JPEG file format to save smaller images.C. The more precise a picture is, the more space it needs on the computer disc. D. Computer monitors cannot distinguish between compressed files and uncompressed files.5. The above passage mainly discusses_.A. the benefits of digital camerasB. the weaknesses of scansC. relation between precision and speed for scans D. ways to achieve more detailed images with scansPassage TwoAmericans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general, why are forms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.6. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality_.A. still judge a man by his clothes B. hold the uniform in such high regard C. enjoy having a professional identity D. respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform7. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform_.A. suggests quality work B. discards his social identityC. appears to be more practical D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes8. The chief function of a uniform is to_.A. provide practical benefits to the wearer B. make the wearer catch the public eyeC. inspire the wearers confidence in himselfD. provide the wearer with a professional identity9. According to Paragraph 4, people wearing uniforms_.A. are usually helpful B. have little or no individual freedomC. tend to lose their individuality D. enjoy greater popularity10. The best title for this passage would be_.A. Uniforms and Society B. The Importance of Wearing a UniformC. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform D. Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsPassage ThreeRobertSpring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he prospered by selling his small but genuine collection of early U.S. autographs. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lessen the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and circulation.Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger cant approach a respectable buyer but must deal with people who do not have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title pages, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.In Springs time, right after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the southern states, so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General “Stonewall” Jackson. For several years Miss Fannys financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the originals.11.Why did Spring sell his false autographs in England and Canada?A. There was a greater demand than in America.B. There was less chance of being detected there.C. Britain was Springs birthplace.D. The prices were higher in England and Canada.12.After the Civil War, there was a great demand in Britain for _.A. southern moneyB. southern manuscripts and lettersC. signatures of George Washington and Ben FranklinD. Civil War battle plans13.RobertSpring spent 15 years _.A. running a bookstore in PhiladelphiaB. as a forgerC. corresponding with Miss Fanny JacksonD. as a respectable dealer14.According to the passage, forgeries are usually sold to _.A. sharp-eyed expertsB. book dealersC. persons who arent expertsD. owners of old books15.Who was Miss Fanny Jackson?A. The only daughter of General “Stonewall” Jackson.B. A little-known girl who sold her fathers papers to RobertSpring.C. RobertSprings daughter.D. An imaginary person created by Spring.Passage FourIt is observed that some children are backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear with the sound pattern teddy-bear. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.But speech has to be triggered, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the childs babbling, clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.16.The reason some children are backward in speaking is that_.A. they do not listen carefully to their mothersB. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help themC. their brains have to absorb too much language at onceD. their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak17.The phrase mop up (Line 2, Paragraph. 1) most probably means _.A. developB. understand C absorb D. analyze18.According to the passage, critical times (Line 3, Paragraph. 1) refers to _.A. difficult periods in the childs lifeB. important stages in the childs developmentC. times when mothers often neglect their childrenD. moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother19.Which of the following is implied in the passage?A. The childs brain is highly selective.B. Children who start speaking late are usually very clever.C. Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.D. By the age of four children still make many grammatical mistakes.20.What will happen if the mother does not respond to her childs signals?A. The child will stop giving out signals. B. The child will make less effort to speak.C. The child will invent a language of its own.D. The child will never be able to speak properly.Task Six