虚拟语气经典讲解

,虚拟语气讲解课件,1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,虚拟语气定义,虚拟语气的考点1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、状语从句中虚拟语气的用法；5、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；6、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。,一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法,1.一般条件句中的虚拟语气,1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldntgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,与未来事实相反,IfIwereyou,I_buythehouserightnow.A.wontB.dontC.wouldntD.cant2._morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe_metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable,B,C,A,2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中含有should，were，had三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?aflood,whatshouldwedo?,Shoultherebe,3.混合(时间错综)型虚拟语气：,假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospital.,without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是),Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,4.含蓄虚拟条件句：,5.虚实结合条件句。Shewasntfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldnthaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Hetelephonedmetoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.Hecouldhavedonetheworkwell,buthewassocareless.,真实语气+otherwise/or+虚拟语气,虚拟语气+but+真实语气,名词从句中虚拟语气的用法,1）wish引导的宾语从句,wish,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),would/could/might+V.should,IwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(未来),2）主要是表示坚持，命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,2.主语从句1）Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,2）Itsapity/nowonder+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，表示惊讶，遗憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即should+动词原形,1.Itisapitythatsheshouldrefusetoaccepttheoffer.2.ItisnowonderthatJohnshouldhavewonthegame.,名词性从句中的虚拟语气A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虚拟语气。,考题点击：Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.-Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmothersillness?-Hesuggestedthatshe_anoperationatonce.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhad,B,C,B、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperativeItisapity,ashame,nowonder,考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold,D,B,C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.,考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry,A,状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,1）asif/asthough,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Helooksasifheweredrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,2）incase,forfearthat,lest等引导的虚拟语气,1.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.2.IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshoulddisturbyou.,常用虚拟语气的句型,1.wouldratherthat-,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在),Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去),Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,2.Ifonly(要是就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,3.Itshightime+that-,should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,经典题目1.Ifyou_himyesterday,you_whattodonow.askedwouldknowhadaskedwouldhaveknownC.askedhimknowD.hadaskedwouldknow2.Whatwouldhavehappened,_asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther,C,D,3.HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(02上海)A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad4.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.(95N)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,B,C,陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题5)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined6)-Wouldyouhavecalledherup_possible?-Yes,butI_busydoingmyhomework.A.haditbeenwasB.ifitwaswereC.ifithadbeenhadbeenD.ifitwerewouldbe,B,该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是willbeputoff。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。,问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用wouldhavecalled,从句中与过去相反的动词形式为haddone；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。,A,高考题点击7)Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.A.drovedidntgetB.haddrivenwo