2010年全国中考英语语法 定语从句课件 人教版

Unit25Attributiveclauses,Contents,用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。,定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。,引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as,but等，关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。,Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。句中修饰thebook的thatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的thebook这是先行词；代表thebook的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。Thetimewhenhearrivesisnotknown.他到达的时间还不知道。句中whenhearrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的thetime是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。,Lookatactivity1,ReadP161-162关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用ofwhich或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。,Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语)Theteacher(who/whom/that)youwanttoseeiscoming.你要见的老师来了。see的宾语，可省略Imetaboywhosefatherwasaastronaut.我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语)Hereisthecoatwhich/thatwillbemadetoyou.这是一件做给你的衣服。（作主语）,Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语，可以省略)Hehasabookwhosecover(=thecoverofwhich)isverybeautiful.他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。,关系副词的一般用法,关系副词有when,where,why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place,city,town,village,house,situation等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用forwhich代替。,Beijingistheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,themachine,amachine,Doactivity2,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,amachine,that/which,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.Thegirlthat/whowesawyesterdayisMary.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,关系代词在从句中可以：,做宾语时可以省略,关系代词,关系副词,状语状语状语,whothatwhomwhichwhose,人物/人人物某人/某物的,whenwherewhy,ReadP162-163,限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句“限”是先行词不可缺少的定语.若省去，主句意思不完整或不明确；“非限”是插入成分只是附加的解释说明的作用。Thisisthehouseweboughtlastyear.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.,“限”可以用that引导；“非限”不能用that引导。Thatistheverytoolthatwearelookingfor.Isawagoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.,“限”的关系词作宾语时可省；“非限”则不可。Iwillneverforgettheday（that）wespenttogetherthere.Hisdog,whichhelikedverymuch,diedyesterday.,“限”一般只修饰先行词；“非限”既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。Ihavefinishedthenovelthatyoulentmeyesterday.Hesuddenlyfellill,whichpreventedhimfromgoingtoschool.,限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整),含义不同比较：Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐),ReadP164-166,“介词+关系代词”的用法介词+whom只能指人；介词+which只能指物。Look,therecomesTom,forwhomIhavewaitingforanhour.瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。LastSaturdayevening,IwenttoWuDongsbirthdayparty,inwhichImetaforeignernamedJim.上周星期六的晚上我去参加了吴东的生日聚会，在会上我会到了一个叫吉姆的外国人。,Shecameintothehouse,onwhosewalltherewasaportraitofEinstein.她进入了房间，房子的墙壁上有一张爱因斯坦的画像。当先行词是时间、地点、原因从句时，介词+which一般在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语，于是介词+which可以分别用when,where,why代替。但若介词+which不是作时间、地点、原因状语，则不能用when,where,why代替。,Lastweek,IvisitedShanghai,inwhichIhavemadeseveralfriends.Lastweek,IvisitedShanghai,whereIhavemadeseveralfriends.上周我参观了上海，在那儿我叫上几个朋友。IwillrememberthedayforeveronwhichIwonthefirstplaceinthecontest.IwillrememberthedayforeverwhenIwonthefirstplaceinthecontest.我将永远记住我在竞赛中获得第一名的那一天。,介词的选用,介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词往往受上下文的约束，究竟使用哪个介词要从下面几方面来考虑。(1)从先行词跟介词的搭配习惯出发。Infrontofmyhouse,thereisatree,inwhichsomebirdsaresinging.我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(在树上一般用介词in),(2)从定语从句中的动词、形容词对介词的习惯要求出发。ThecomputerforwhichIpaid5,000yuanismadeinShenzhen.我花了五千元所买的这台电脑是深圳造的。(pay与for搭配),(3)从先行词、定语从句中的动词或形容词两方面同时考虑出发。如：Doyouknowthegirlwithwhomthemantalkedjustnow?你认识跟那个男谈话的女孩吗？(talk究竟接to,with还是接about,这该由动词及先行词一起决定),(4)复合介词+关系代词。Godownthisroad,attheendofwhichyoucanseeahighbuildinganditisourofficebuilding.沿着条路走，在路的尽头你会看到一座高大的建筑，那就是我们的办公大楼。(5)名词+介词+关系代词。Hehasthreechildren,oneofwhosechildrenisstudyingabroadnow.他又三个小孩，其中一个在国外读书。,注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。Shehasalittledaughter,whoislookedafterbyhergrandma.不能写成：Shehasalittledaughter,afterwhomislookedbyhergrandma.因为，lookafter是不可分开的固定短语。,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwhomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,介词+关系代词的情况2,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况2,Arethesetwosentencesright?,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况2,Arethesetwosentencesright?,to,in,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasalawyer.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况2,Arethesetwosentencesright?,Activity5,Peter,arethesethefolders(which/that)youaskedmeabout?Theresone(which/that)IpastedaPost-Itnoteon.Itstheonewiththebudgetproposal,whichweneedtocallameetingfor.Itsanimportantmeeting,whichwemustgetcleardirectionsfrom.Sure.Isthereanyone(whom/who/that)youwanttotalktobeforehand?,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,介词+关系代词的情况练习,习惯上要用that引导的定语从句,(1)先行词是指物的all,little,few,much,any,none,anything,everything,nothing,theone时，或先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.能做的都已经做了Hewilltellyoueverythingthatheheardaboutit.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.没什么工作适合你做。Ihaveeatenallthefoodthatisleft.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。,(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last,next)、最高级形容词及theonly,thevery等修饰时。ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.这是用来防止污染的最好办法。ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。,3)先行词包括人和物时,Theyoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheyareinterestedin.他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。(4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。Whichisthehousethatcaughtfirelastnight?昨晚失火的是那座房子？Whoistheladythatisplayingthepiano?在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁？,习惯上不用that引导的定语从句,(1)在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。YesterdayImetMary,whoseemedveryexcided.昨天我碰到了玛丽，她显得非常兴奋。(2)直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom,whose或which，且不能省略。Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.我们住院的房子不大。,Iknowtheyoungmanwithwhomyoulive.我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用that替代which,who替代whom，也可以省略关系代词.Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.我们住院的房子不大。Iknowtheman(whom/who/that)youlivewith.我认识和你住在一起的那个人。,Nonesoblindasthosewhowontsee.睁眼不看事实的人眼最瞎。Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。Imetsomeonewhosaidheknewyou.我碰到一个人，他说认识你。,(3)当先行词是指人的all,any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone,people等时，多用who。,(4)当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.有位新校长明天来，他将教你们德语。,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,that,whichorwho?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whomorwho?,9.Isthereanythingelse_youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.,that,who,which,which,whom,whose,请看下面两题：,(1)Hehastwochildren,andbothof_areabroad.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who(2)Hehastwochildren,bothof_areabroad.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，bothofwhomareabroad为非限制性定语从句。,Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof_translatedintoaforeignlanguage.A.themB.whichC.itD.what看了上面一题的分析后，也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选B，理由是none前没有并列连词and或but，其实这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是A，注意此句与上面一句有着本质的不同，即此句的translated不是谓语，而是一个非谓语动词（过去分词），所以逗号后面其实不是一个完整的句子，而是一个独立结构。假若在translated前加一个助动词was，则此题应选B(which)，构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别