英语演讲的艺术week-twoPPT课件

.,1,DeliveringYourFirstSpeech,Mannerofpresentation,vocalinflections,perfectlytimedpauses,facialexpressions,gestures,etc.,allthesearepartofanexpertdelivery.Itwilltakeyouyearstopractice.,.,2,WhatIsGoodDelivery?,Conveyideasclearly,interestingly,andnotdistracttheaudience.Combineacertaindegreeofformalitywithdirectness,spontaneity,animation,vocalandfacialexpressiveness,andalivelysenseofcommunication.Speechdeliveryisanart,notascience.,.,3,Youcantbecomeaskilledspeakerjustbyfollowingasetofrulesinatextbook.Theresnosubstituteforexperience.Planyourfirstspeech,concentrateonsuchbasicsasspeakingintelligibly,avoidingdistractingmannerisms,andestablishingeyecontactwithyourlisteners.,.,4,MethodsofDelivery,Readingfromamanuscript.Recitingfrommemory.Speakingimpromptu.Speakingextemporaneously.,.,5,ReadingFromaManuscript,Manuscriptspeech:aspeechthatiswrittenoutwordforwordandreadtotheaudience.Certainspeechesmustbedeliveredwordforword,accordingtoameticulouslypreparedmanuscript,e.g.,anengineersreport,aprimeminister.Skillsofdeliveringaspeechfrommanuscript:,.,6,Establisheyecontactwithyourlisteners;marchthroughthespeechwithglancingatyouraudience.Impressthemwithtalkingwiththem.Practicealoudtomakesurethespeechsoundsnatural.4.Becertainthefinalmanuscriptislegibleataglance.5.Reachouttoyouraudiencewithdirectnessandsincerity.,.,7,RecitingFromMemory,Reciteamemorizedtext.Toasts,congratulatoryremarks,acceptancespeeches,introductions,andthelike.PreparedspeechesincompetitionssuchastheCCTVCupandthe21stCenturyCup.Besuretomemorizethespeechthoroughly.Soyoucanconcentrateoncommunicatingwithyouraudience.,.,8,SpeakingImpromptu,Impromptuspeech:aspeechdeliveredwithlittleornoimmediatepreparation.Aclassdiscussion,businessmeeting,orcommitteereport,respondtoapreviousspeaker.Paycloseattentiontowhattheotherspeakerssay;takenotesofmajorpointswhitwhichyouagreeordisagree.Formulatewhatyouwillsay.,.,9,Respondtoapreviousspeaker,presentthespeechinfoursimplesteps:1.Statethepointyouareanswering.2.Statethepointyouwishtomake.3.Supportyourpointwithevidenceandreasoning.4.summarizeyourpoint.,.,10,Beginspeaking,maintainstrongeyecontactwiththeaudience.Helpthemkeeptrackofyourideaswithsignpostssuchas“Myfirstpointis;second,wecanseethat;inconclusion,Iwouldliketosay”.Bestwaytobeagoodimpromptuspeaker:practice,practiceandpractice.Showsamplevideo.,.,11,SpeakingExtemporaneously,Extemporaneousspeech:acarefullypreparedandrehearsedspeechthatispresentedfromabriefsetofnotesoraspeakingoutlinetojogthememory.Theexactwordingischosenatthemomentofdelivery.Eachtimeyourunthroughyourspeech,thewordingwillbeslightlydifferent.,.,12,Viewavideo:Yoga,UnitingMind,Body,andSpirit.,.,13,TheSpeakersVoice,Agoldenvoiceisanassetforanypublicspeaker,butnotanecessity.Youcanovercomenaturaldisadvantagesanduseyourvoicetothebesteffect.Theaspectsofvoice:volume,pitch,rate,pauses,variety,pronunciation,andarticulation.,.,14,Volume音量,Volume:theloudnessorsoftnessofaspeakersvoice.Inthepast,apowerfulvoiceisessential.Today,electronicamplification,suchasmicrophone,makesevenasoft-spokenvoiceheardinanysetting.Adjustyourvoicetotheacousticsoftheroom,thesizeoftheaudience,andthelevelofbackgroundnoise.,.,15,Rememberyourownvoicesoundsloudertoyouthanalistener.Glanceatthefarthestaudience.Iftheylookpuzzled,leanforward,orstraintohear,youneedtotalklouder.,.,16,Pitch音高,Pitch:thehighnessorlownessofaspeakersvoice.Changesinpitcharecalledinflections.Theygivevoiceluster,warmth,andvitality.Theyrevealwhetheryouaskaquestionormakeastatement,whetheryouaresincereorsarcastic.,.,17,Theymakeyousoundhappyorsad,angryorpleased,dynamicorlistless,tenseorrelaxed.Avoidendingallyoursentencesonthesameinflection.Otherwise,itsmonotony.Varyyourpitchpatternstofitthemeaningofyourwords.,.,18,Rate语速,Rate:thespeedatwhichapersonspeaks.NativespeakersofEnglish:120-150wordsperminute.Avoidspeakingsoslowlythatyourlistenersbecomebored.Avoidspeakingsoquicklythattheylosetrackofyourideas.Notewhereyoushouldslowdownorspeedup.,.,19,Pauses停顿,Pause:amomentarybreakinthevocaldeliveryofaspeech.Learninghowandwhentopauseisamajorchallengeformostspeakers.Akeensenseoftimingispartlyamatterofcommonsense,partlyamatterofexperience.Pauseattheendofthoughtunitsandnotinthemiddle.,.,20,Notfillinthesilencewith“um”,“er”,or“well”.Thesevocalizedpausesdistracttolistenersanddamageaspeakerscredibility.Vocalizedpause:apausethatoccurswhenaspeakerfillsthesilencebetweenwordswithvocalizationssuchas“um”,“er”,or“well”.,.,21,VocalVariety抑扬顿挫,Vocalvariety:changesinaspeakersrate,pitch,andvolumethatgivethevoiceinterestandexpressiveness.Aflat,listless,unchangingvoiceisjustasdeadlytospeechmakingasaflat,listless,unchangingroutineistodailylife.,.,22,Varytherate,pitch,andvolumeofyourvoicetocommunicateyourideasandfeelings.Asyoupracticeyourspeeches,recordthemtohearhowtheysound.Trythemoutonmembersofyourfamily,afriend,oraroommate.View“Questionsofculture”asanexampleofvocalvariety.,.,23,Pronunciation发音,Pronunciation:theacceptedstandardofsoundandrhythmforwordsinagivenlanguage.NativespeakersofEnglishareverytolerantofpronunciationerrorsbynonnativespeakers,buttheyexpectahigherdegreeofaccuracyinformalspeeches.,.,24,Payspecialattentiontowordsthataredifficultforyoutopronounceandpracticethemuntilyoucansaythemcorrectly.Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutparticularwords,checkanonlinedictionarythatincludesaudiopronunciation.,.,25,Articulation吐字,Articulation:thephysicalproductionofparticularspeechsounds.Articulationandpronunciationarenotidentical.Poorarticulation:causedbylaziness-byfailingtomanipulatethelips,tongue,jaw,andsoftpalate.,.,26,Viewthebeginningof“GlobalizationandChineseValuesofHarmony”foranexampleofexcellentEnglisharticulation.,.,27,TheSpeakersBody,Kinesics（人体动作学）:thestudyofbodymotions,suchasposture,facialexpression,gestures,eyecontactandotherbodymotions,asasystematicmodeofcommunication.Morethan700,000physicalsignalscanbesentthroughbodilymovement.,.,28,Morethan2,400yearsago,GreekhistorianHerodotus(希罗多德)said:Peopletrusttheirearslessthantheireyes.”Whenaspeakersbodylanguageisinconsistentwithhisorherwords,listenersoftenbelievethebodylanguageratherthanthewords.,.,29,MajorAspectsofPhysicalAction,PersonalappearanceEyecontactGesturesmovement,.,30,PersonalAppearance,Itplaysanimportantroleinspeechmaking.Listenersalwaysseeyoubeforetheyhearyou.Dressandgroomappropriatelytoevokeafavorablefirstimpression.,.,31,EyeContact,Eyecontact:directvisualcontactwiththeeyesofanotherperson.Differentculturalbackgrounds:Arabs,LatinAmericans,andSouthernEuropeanslookdirectlyatthepersonwithwhomtheyaretalking.PeopleinsomeAsiancountriesandpartsofAfricaengageinlesseyecontact.,.,32,Lookatyourlistenerspersonallyandpleasantly:oneofthequickestwaytoestablishacommunicativebondwiththem.Notavoidtheirgaze.Asmallaudience:lookbrieflyfromonepersontoanother.Alargergroup:scantheaudience.Eyes:conveyconfidence,sincerity,andconviction.,.,33,Viewanexcerptfrom“MakingaDifferenceThroughtheSpecialOlympics”foranexampleofstrongeyecontact.,.,34,Gestures,Gestures:motionsofaspeakershandsorarmsduringaspeech.Aspeakeristroubledby:whattodowithmyhands?Adroitgesturescanaddtotheimpactofaspeech.Effectivespeakersdontneedavastrepertoireofgestures.,.,35,Primaryrule:whatevergesturesyoumakeshouldnotdistractfromyourmessage.Appearnaturalandspontaneous,helpclarifyorreinforceyourideas.Besuitedtotheaudienceandoccasion.Avoidflailingthemabout,wringingthemtogether,orstickingtheminyourpockets.,.,36,Movement,Novicespeakersareoftenunsurewhattodowith