国际商务函电Unit 8 Payment.ppt

,Unit8TermsofPayment支付方式,Objectives,ToknowaboutpaymenttermsTolearnthephrasesandexpressionsaboutpaymentTolearnhowtowriteabusinessletteraboutpayment,Paymentisoneofthemostimportantstepsininternationaltrade.Themethodofpaymentforeachtransactionistobeagreeduponbetweenthetwotradingpartiesatthetimeofplacinganorder.Threemethodsingeneral:Remittance汇付Collection托收L/C(letterofcredit)信用证,I.Introduction,1、creditinstruments信用工具2、modesofpayment支付方式3、documents单据,InternationalSettlement国际结算,InternationalsettlementNotes(票据)BillofExchange/draft汇票PromissoryNotes本票Check支票,1.CreditInstruments信用工具,Note/billisanunconditionalorderinwritingrequiringthepayertopayasumofmoneytothebearerortotheorderofathirdpersonatafixedtime.,InternationalsettlementNotes,BillofExchange（汇票）:isanunconditionalorderinwritingpreparedbyoneparty(drawer)andaddressedtoanother(drawee)directingthedraweetopayaspecifiedsumofmoneytotheorderofathirdperson(payee),ortothebearer,ondemandoratafixedanddeterminablefuturetime.PromissoryNote（本票）:isanunconditionalorderinwritingmadebyoneparty(issuer)topayasumofmoneytotheother(payee),eitheratafixedordeterminablefuturetimeorondemandofthepayee,underspecificterms.Check（支票）:isdefinedasanunconditionalorderinwritingdrawnonabank(drawee)signedbythedrawer,requiringabanktopayondemandacertainsumofmoneytotheorderofanamedpersonortothebearer.,Samplefordraft,2.ModesofPayment支付方式,Remittancemeansthetransferofmoneyfromthebuyertothesellerthroughabankcontracted.mailtransfer(M/T)信汇telegraphictransfer(T/T)电汇demanddraft(D/D)票汇Generally,onlywhenthetransactionsarerathersmallandthefinanceinvolvedissmalltoocanremittancebeaccepted.Paymentforsamplespostage,commissionsandsmallordersisusuallymadebyT/T.,Remittance汇付,Remittance汇付,T/T（电汇）:isamethodoftransferringfundsbytelecommunicationsystemsuchastelexorcable.Thoughitisdoneatafastspeed,thecostisrelativelyhigh.ButSWIFT(环球同业银行金融电信学会)membersareabletotransferfundsatamuchlowercost.D/D（票汇）:thetransfercanbemadebyacheckthatissoldtoitscustomer.Abankinstructsanotherbranch/banktopayupondemandacertainamounttothepayeespecifiedonthecheck.Thischeckiscalledabankersdemanddraft.M/T(信汇)：meanstotransfermoneybymail.,SocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication,汇款人向当地银行交付本国货币，由银行开具付款委托书（paymentorder），用航空邮寄交国外银行办理付出外汇业务。,Copyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversity,Relevantpartiesinremittance,汇款人（Remitter）受款人（PayeeorBeneficiary）汇出行（RemittingBank）汇入行（PayingBank）,又称解付行,Copyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversity,T/T,M/Tflowchart,Copyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversity,SWIFT简介,SWIFT是“SocietyWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication”环球同业银行金融电讯协会”的英文简称。是国际银行同业间非营利性的国际合作组织，成立于一九七三年，总部设在比利时的布鲁塞尔。,Copyright2009byLaoPing,FromLingnanCollege,SunYat-senUniversity,SWIFT的特点,1.SWIFT需要会员资格。我国的大多数专业银行都是其成员。2.SWIFT的费用较低。同样多的内容，SWIFT的费用只有TELEX（电传）的18%左右，只有CABLE（电报）的2.5%左右。3.SWIFT的安全性较高。SWIFT的密押比电传的密押可靠性强、保密性高，且具有较高的自动化。4.SWIFT的格式具有标准化。对于SWIFT电文，SWIFT组织有着统一的要求和格式。,Collection(托收)meansthattheexporterdrawsadraftaftershipmentandtheninstructsthebanktocollecttheamountofmoneyfromtheimporter.Itincludes:DocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)付款交单D/Patsight即期付款交单D/Paftersight远期付款交单DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)承兑交单,Collection托收,Relevantpartiesinvolved,委托人（Principal）托收行（RemittingBank）代收行（CollectingBank）提示行（PresentingBank）付款人（Payer）,Principal委托人,Remittingbank托收行,Collectingbank代收行,Payer付款人,1,3,7,6,5,4,2,8,Collection托收,D/P（付款交单）:meansthatthecollectingbankwillnottransfertheshippingdocumentstotheimporteruntilhehaspaidtheamountofmoneyinquestion.D/Patsight（即期付款交单）：requiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofdocuments.D/Paftersight（远期付款交单）:theimporterisgivenacertainperiodtomakepaymentat30,45or60daysafterpresentationofthedocuments,butheisnotallowedtogetholdofthedocumentsuntilhepay.D/A（承兑交单）：meansthatthecollectingbankwilltransfertheshippingdocumentstotheimporterafterheacceptsthedraft.,分析,D/P远期与D/A是否为同一性质出口商应加强对进口商的信用风险控制意识,代收行未完全执行托收行指示的责任问题,在一笔托收业务中，托收行在托收指示中规定：“DOCSTOBERELEASEDONLYAGAINSTACCEPTANCE“以及“PAYMENTONDUEDATETOBEGUARANTEEDBYXXXBANK（代收行）。TESTEDTLXTOTHISEFFECTREQUIRED.”代收行办理承兑交单后，向托收行寄出承兑通知书，明确指出“THEBILLACCEPTEDBYDRAWEE”，到期日为1994年9月13日。不久，当托收行查询有关承兑情况时，代收行复电再次告知“DOCSHAVEBEENACCEPTEDBYDRAWEETOMATUREON940913。”在上述承兑通知书及查询答复中，代收行均未标明担保货款，亦未发出承诺担保的电传：托收行亦未就此提出任何异议。承兑汇票到期后，进口商拒付货款，代收行即向托收行发出拒付通知。托收行认为托收指示中要求凭代收行到期付款的担保放单，而代收行已将单据放给付款人，因此要求立即付款。代收行反驳道，放单是基于付款人的承兑，代收行根据国际商会第522号出版物没有担保到期付款的责任。虽经多次交涉，此纠纷仍未得到解决。,案例分析,本案争论的焦点是代收行未完全执行托收指示的责任问题。根据国际商会522号文件关于托收指示的规定，如果代收行不能遵守指示，应当回复托收行，而代收行却未这样做，只是在托收行查询单据下落时才告知仅凭承兑放单。代收行违反了522号的规定。托收行的指示不符合托收业务的基本原则，实际上改变了托收的性质。,托收项下的融资方式,买入票据出口托收押汇（CollectionBillPurchased）信托收据（TrustReceipt,T/R）凭银行保函（bankguarantee）提货,出口托收押汇,是托收行买入出口商开立的以进口商为付款人的跟单汇票以及随附的商业单据，将货款扣除利息及费用后，净额付给出口商并通过国外代理行向进口商收款，以归还出口托收押汇的一种融资方式。,信托收据（T/R）,是代收行在进口商对托收未付款前凭其提供的信托收据借出单据，便于他办理报关、提货及出售，取得的货款亦属代收行所有，只能向代收行付款并赎回信托收据。,LetterofCreditisaneffectivemeanstosolvethecommercialcreditcrisisbetweenbuyersandsellers.Sinceitisabankcredit,L/Ccanfacilitatetradewithunknownbuyersandgivingprotectiontoboththesellersandthebuyers.,LetterofCredit信用证,Asfarasthesellersbenefitisconcerned,L/CD/PatsightD/PaftersightD/A,TheOperationflowofL/C,LettersforPayment,Lettersregardingpaymentoftenfallintothefollowingtypes:1)discussingmodeofpayment2)urgingestablishmentofL/C3)amendingL/C4)askingforextensionofL/C,Documentsusedininternationalsettlement*CommercialInvoice商业发票*PackingList装箱单*CertificateofOrigin产地证*InsurancePolicy保险单*MarineBillofLading,B/L海运提单*CombinedTransportDocument,CTD联合运输单据*AirwayBill空运单*RailwayBill铁路运单,3.Documents单据,国际惯例InternationalCustom（Practice）1.跟单信用证统一惯例UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit,ICCPublicationNo.500,UCP5002.托收统一规则UniformRulesforCollection,URC5223.见索即付保函统一规则UniformRulesforDemandGuarantees,URDG458由国际商会InternationalChamberofCommerce制定,II.WordsandExpressions,1.Banks,MerchantsBank招商银行BankofChina中国银行IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina中国工商银行AgricultureBankofChina农业银行ConstructionBankofChina建设银行CitiBank花旗银行CommunicationsBankofChina交通银行PudongDevelopmentBank浦东发展银行ShenzhenDevelopmentBank深圳发展银行HKBC汇丰银行StandardCharteredBank渣打银行TheCITICBank中信银行ChinaInternationalTrustandInvestmentCorporation,2.WordsandPhrases,discount贴现draft汇票PromisoryNote本票cheque支票cleanbill光票documentarybill跟单汇票,SightBill即期汇票TimeBill远期汇票UsanceBill远期汇票CommercialBill商业汇票BankersBill银行汇票,CommercialAcceptanceBill商业承兑汇票BankersAcceptanceBill银行承兑汇票invoice发票PerformerInvoice形式发票SampleInvoice样品发票ConsignmentInvoice寄售发票,CertifiedInvoice证明发票ManufacturersInvoice厂商发票remittance汇付Mailtransfer(M/T)信汇DemandDraft(D/D)票汇,Atsight即期，见票即付At.days(month)aftersight付款人见票后若干天（月）付款At.dayssight付款人见票后若干天即付款At.daysafterdate出票后若干天付款At.daysafterB/L提单签发后若干天付款,DocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)付款交单DocumentsagainstPaymentatSight(D/Psight)即期付款交单DocumentsagainstPaymentafterSight(D/Psight)远期付款交单DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)承兑交单CashAgainstDocuments凭单付款,TelegraphicTransfer(T/T)电汇collection托收cleanBillforCollection光票托收DocumentaryBillforCollection跟单托收UniformRulesforCollection托收统一规则,CollectionAdvice托收委托书AdviceofCleanBillforCollection光票托收委托书CollectionBillPurchased托收出口押汇TrustReceipt信托收据,3.Expressions,Nowwehavesettledthetermsofpayment.现在我们已经谈妥了付款条件。Shallwehaveatalkabouttermsofpaymenttoday?我们今天谈谈付款条件怎么样？Whatisthemodeofpaymentyouwishtoemploy?您希望用什么方式付款？,Thisisthenormaltermsofpaymentininternationalbusiness.这是国际贸易中惯用的付款方式。Wecantacceptanyothertermsofpayment.我们不能接受其他的付款条件。Ifyoucantbemoreflexible,wewontacceptyourtermsofpayment.如果你们不能灵活些，我们将不接受此种付款方式。,Pleaseprotectourdraftonpresentation.请见票即付。Yourdraftwillbehonouredonpresentation.你方的汇票见票即付。ThedraftwasdiscountedinNewYork.汇票已经在纽约贴现。,OurdraftNo.36wasdishonored.我们的第三十六号汇票被拒付了。Wellbeunabletomeetthesedraft.我们无力兑付这些汇票。Wevedrawnacleandraftonyouforthevalueofthissampleshipment.我们已经开出光票向你方索取这批货的价款。,Wevedrawnonyouforpaymentoftheinvoiceamountingto$20,000.我们已经按照发票金额20，000美圆向你方开出了汇票。Thedrafthasbeenhandedtothebankoncleancollection.汇票已经交银行按光票托收。Youcandrawonmejustasiftherewerealetterofcredit.您就当作有信用证一样，向我开汇票托收。,WeresendingourdraftthroughBankofChinafordocumentarycollection.我们将汇票交中国银行按跟单托收。Welldrawonyoubyourdocumentarydraftatsightoncollectionbasis.我们将按托收方式向你方开出即期跟单汇票。,WelldrawasightbillinfavouroftheExportBankSingapore.我们要开立一张以新加坡出口银行为收款人的即期汇票。Wevealreadyremittedtheamountbycheque.我们已经将款以支票汇出。WeencloseachequeforRMB200.我们附上人民币200元的支票一张。,Weregretwecantacceptpaymentcashagainstdocument.很抱歉，我们不能接受凭单付款办法。WellagreetochangethetermsofpaymentfromL/CatsighttoD/Patsight.我们同意将即期信用证付款方式改为即期付款交单。,WeacceptD/Ppaymentforfuturedealings.以后的交易我们以付款交单方式支付。Wecandothebusinesson60daysD/Pbasis.我们可以按60天付款交单的方式进行交易。Weagreetodrawat30daysD/P.我们同意开立30天期的付款交单汇票。,Asaspecialsignofencouragement,wellconsideracceptingpaymentbyD/Patthissales-purchasingstage.在此推销阶段，我们将考虑接受付款交单方式以资鼓励。WeregretwecantacceptCashagainstDocumentsonarrivalofgoodsatdestination.很抱歉，我们不能同意“货抵目的地付款交单”方式付款。,ThebuyersuggestedD/Aasthetermsofpaym