阅读理解之词义猜测

阅读理解,Guessingmeanings,根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能,因此,词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。,高考考点分布：,如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有：1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans_2）Thewordit（them）inthefirstparagraphrefersto_3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？,分析题干能力,unconditional:,无条件的,绝对的adj.,condition,conditional,情况，条件n.,有条件的adj.,unconditional:,Group1,nonjudgmental:,没有判断力的,judge,judgment,judgmental,判断v.,判断n.,adj.,nonjudgmental:,归纳1：,根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。,supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建),Canyouguesstherightmeanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),Group2,1.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily,2.Thepurposeofthecampaignwastocatch“ringers”,studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents.,脆的,冒名替考者,3.Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Anthropologymeans_.4.Themodernageofmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,aninstrumentforlisteningtopatientsheartbeatandbreathing.,人类学,听诊器,规则2：根据上下文解释做出判断：1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词：2根据同位或解释关系：3.根据并列同类关系:,猜词能力,逻辑词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis（tosay）,namely,inotherwords,ect,通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。,and,or，notonlybutalso等并列的几个事物应属同类事物,由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。,1.(广东2014D)However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway-bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyearsexperience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.,TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_.A.fittingroomsB.tradingfairsC.businesstalksD.groupmeetings,2.(广东2008A)Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing?Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.”Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.,TheunderlinedwordgulfinPara.3mostprobablymeans_.A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation,3.(广东07A)However,menquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandles,usedsandinhour-glasses,andinventedwater-clocks.Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.,Theunderlinedphrasestatelyhomesinparagraph4meansA.state-ownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly,4.However,some165millionchildrensufferfromlong-termundernutrition,leadingto3.1millionchilddeathseveryyear.Italsoleavesmanyofthosechildrenthatdosurvivepermanentlyimpairedandunabletoreachtheirfullpotential.,Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impaired”inParagraph2mean?Acared.B.needed.C.harmed.D.supported.,Group3,1.UnliketheUnitedStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japanspopulationisquitehomogeneous.2.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmanIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.,单一民族的,目空一切,傲慢的,3.Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.4.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.,热的,恶化,规则4：根据转折或对比关系进行判断,猜词能力,逻辑词:but,though,although,however,yet,otherwise,or,while,unlike,ontheonehandontheotherhand,foronethingforanotherthing,insteadof,ratherthan等,1.（广东2010B）Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinnerskeytosuccess,.,TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.AavoidB.acceptC.improveDconsider,2.(广东2009B)Westudiedtheboardcritically.SomeofUSlookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard，rockingthesheetstothefightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.Wehadplansforthattendollargrandprize，eachandeveryoneofUS.Imgoingtospendmineoncandies，onehopefulwouldannounce，whileanotherpracticedlookingserious，wiseandrich.,Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans_.A.formedanideaforB.madeanoutlineforC.madesomespaceforD.chosesomecolorsfor,3.InKennonsopinion,however,thecatwasahopelesscase.Manydoctorswouldhaveputdownsuchabadlyhurtanimal.Butshecouldntbesocruel.Thekittensbrighteyesandsadfacehadwonherover.Therewasnowayoffindinghisowner,soKennon,asinglewomanaged56,decidedtokeephim.,Theunderlinedphrase“putdown”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans_.hurtB.killedC.refusedD.replaced,Group41.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.2.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.3Theriveridsoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,徒劳的，无效的,凋谢,枯萎,浑浊不清的,规则4：根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。,猜词能力,逻辑词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus,sothat,1.EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungerone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshestheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.Wedoitwiththebestofintentions.Butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild.,Theunderlinedexpression“makeabigtodoover”(paragraph4)means_.A.showmuchconcernaboutB.haveaspecialeffectonC.listjobstobedoneforD.dogoodthingsfor,2.WhenLinwaslittle,heloveddisassemblingthingstolookathowtheywork.Eventhoughheoftenfailedatputtingthembacktogether,hiscuriositywasneversatisfiedandhelaidhandsoneverything,exceptcomputers.“Myparentstoldmenottodisassemblecomputersbecausetheyreexpensive,soIresearchedthesoftwareinstead,”saysLin.Whenhewenttouniversity,Linchoseasubjectthatwasrelatedtoengineeringandprogramming.,Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“disassemble”?A.lookthroughB.searchintoC.takeapartD.focuson,Group5Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,家禽,装置,规则5：example举例法,逻辑词:such,suchas,like,forexample，forinstance,especially,include,consistof,1.Anothermasterofpaper-foldingisJenStark.Herartworkisoftenintheformofcolorfulcavesandtopographic(地形的)maps.Usinghervividimaginationandaspecialknife,sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic,complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes.Herworkdrawsinspirationfromnature.,Whatdoestheunderlinedword“humble”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?commonandpopularB.simpleandcheapC.uselessandpricelessD.numbandmeaningless,2.IdiedeighttimesduringmycomaandIcouldnttalkorcommunicatewhenIwokeup.Walkingwasnevergoingtohappenagainduetoalltheextremeinjuries.Justlikemybody,mydreamswerealmostshattered.ButIwasnotgoingtoletmyinjuriespreventmefromlivingmydreams.,Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shattered”inParagraph3mean?begunB.destroyedC.sharedD.taken,根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！1猜测熟词新