高三英语专题复习 完形填空二 ----语篇填空

高三英语专题复习,完形填空二-语篇填空永州三中高三英语组,ClozeTestPart,1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。,一.语篇填空题目的、能力要求,目的:考查考生的语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用能力.要求:有篇章结构意识,在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构,找出句与句、段与段之间的内容联系,把握细微区别.具体体现：,二、命题透视（一）考查语境，侧重运用。语法填空题的最大特点是把语言真正放在了语境中去考查，重点考查了学生的语言运用能力。（二）题材多样，语篇完整。选材呈现多样化的态势，但侧重于议论文和说明文。文章选材贴近学生生活。短文内容完整，现实意义明显，结构严谨，层次分明，便于学生推理判断。短文词数在150-180之间，平均设空间隔一般为15-18个词左右。（三）虚词为主，实词为辅。语法填空题测试点往往集中于虚词，常考的虚词通常为冠词、介词和连词，冠词主要考查其基本用法和贯用法；介词主要考查学生对固定搭配和短语的掌握情况，连词主要考查学生对思维逻辑的判断能力。,三、语法填空命题特点是什么?,81.5127150-18015-181,共8个小题,每题1.5分,满分12分,须在7分钟内完成,短文长度150-180词左右,设空间距约15-18词左右,每格1个词,重在基础语法和句子结构分析：从语法角度去考虑，填的是语法词，包括功能词和词形变换两个方面，注意限定一个词。句子方面，要学会正确分析句子的结构，如主谓宾等；还要会区分主从句的层次。特别是动词的成分，是否是谓语动词。,四、语篇填空题解题方向,五、解题思路（一）通读全文，把握语篇。语法填空题的最大特点是把语言真正放在了语境中去考查。弄清短文大意至关重要。语篇意识，全局意识，整体意识对于解题起着非常关键的作用。把握短文大意，目的是为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。考生要掌握跳读技巧，快速了解短文大意。,（二）先易后难，尝试填空。在通读全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。主观填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程，要坚持从易到难的原则。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。（三）利用语境，推敲语义。要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系，进行多角度，全方位分析，从而准确地判断所填词的意义。,（四）复读全文，确认答案首先，从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文，看所填单词语义上是否正确和最佳。检查所填单词是否能使文意上下连贯、前后照应、逻辑顺畅，能否自然地融入语篇。其次，从语法的角度审视全文，检查所填单词的词性和词形的正确性。从语法的角度看所填词语词形变化是否正确。对自我感觉有问题的地方，要仔细揣摩，准确定夺。,六、解题策略策略（一）根据固定词组或习惯搭配填空1ButmanystudentsdontusetheInternet_agoodway.2Enoughsleepisimportanttohealth.Theamountofsleepneededrelies_theageofthepersonandtheconditionsinwhichsleeptakesplace.3.AfterthefloodMrDengwasaspoorasachurch_.4.Bloodis_thanwater.5.Ifyouareaskedtogoforaninterview,youdbetterdoyourhomeworkaboutthecompany.Thatmeansyouwonthavetoanswerquestionsoffthetopofyour_.,in,on,mouse,thicker,head,策略（二）根据语法知识填空6.Thenews_wewonthegameisexciting.7Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.8._reallymattersisnotwhetheryousucceedornot,butwhetheryoulltryornot.,What,that,that,策略（三）根据上下句之间的逻辑关系填空9Shethoughtitwasbadforhishealthtodrinkmuch,shetriedherbesttostophimfromdoingit.10Whyissettinggoalssoimportant?_goalscanhelpyoudo,be,andexperienceeverythingyouwantinlife.11.Sheisusually_forallherclassbuttodayshewaslateandarrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.12.Tobehealthy,wemusteatsome_suchasapples,bananasandpears.,so,Because,punctual,fruits,策略（四）根据词性和词形变化填空13Whenwegotthere,toourdisappointment,wefoundthesituationwas_thanexpected.14.Heopenedthedoor,looking_atthechildrenandaskedthemnottomakemuchnoise.15.Helooked_atthenewsthathisstudentsfoughtintheclassroom.,angrily,worse,angry/disappointed,解题策略回顾,策略（一）根据固定词组或习惯搭配填空,策略（二）根据语法知识填空,策略（三）根据上下句之间的逻辑关系填空,策略（四）根据词性和词形变化填空,七、解题技巧技巧（一）如何判断所填单词的词义？I理清内在联系，把握逻辑关系语法填空题主要考查对语境的把握。所以，做题时应在把握主题的基础上，在上下文语境上多下功夫。要特别注意一些能体现语境变化和逻辑关系的关联词语。如表示转折关系的词：but,or,however,while,otherwise,instead,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand；表示因果关系的词：thus,therefore,so,asaresult；表示并列关系的词：and,then,too,also,either,notonlybutalso；表示递进关系的词：besides,also,whatsmore,further,even；表示选择关系的词：or,eitheror等。考生判断前后两句的逻辑关系，填上一个关联词语。这时就要认真阅读这两个句子，细心领会两个句子真正的含义，从而准确把握两者的逻辑关系。例如：,1Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytowork.Asaresult,hewas_forwork.2Heisverygoodatmaths._，thistimehefailedthemathstest.3Idontmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore.，thewalkwilldomegood.,late,Besides,However,巩固练习1：1Areyouhappy?Onthecontrary,Iamvery.2Thebuildingworkistakingquitealongtime,andthereforecostingustoomuch.3Hecantswim,andIcant,.4Shallwegoouttothecinemastayathome?5Theteacheraskedmetogototheoffice_fetchsomechalkforhim.6.Ihavelearnedalotfromit._hasmywife.,sad,money,either,or,to/and,So,II熟悉语法知识，了解语法功能语法填空题部分题目考查语法知识。常考的语法项目有：冠词、代词、介词、情态动词、形容词副词比较等级、并列连词、定语从句引导词、状语从句引导词、名词性从句引导词、强调句型、形式主（宾）语等内容。考生应对这些常考的语法项目了如指掌，如定语从句的关系代词有哪些，关系副词有哪些，它们之间的区别是什么等。如果在试题中出现了考查定语从句的题目，考生就可以根据这些定语从句的知识，确定考查内容，轻松地填出正确的词语。了解语法功能也非重要，这样可以迅速地确定考查项目。例如：,1Ithinkimpossibleforyoutoreachtheairportontime.2Thepolicemandiscoveredtheevidence_hemurderedhiswife.3Oneoftheboyskeptlaughing,_madeJaneannoyed4IwouldliketobuyahouseIprefer_withagarden.5._thegiftisnottherightone,itcanalsoruintherelationship.,it,that,which,one,If/When,巩固练习2：1.ItwasintheparkIcameacrossNancy.2veryharmfulforateenagertoskipbreakfast.3TherewasatimeIfeltverydepressed.4theweatherimproves,wewillhavetocancelthegame.5Everyonewasclosingthefactory,asitcanofferover1000jobsforthelocalresidents.6Nataliewasprettierhersister.,that,Its,when,Unless,against,than,III熟记习语句式，以求触类旁通语法填空题有一部分题是考查考生对习语、短语、惯用法和常见句式的熟练程度的。所以平时要注意积累，反复练习，在大脑中形成动力定型。当考试中碰到类似的片段情景时，就能触景生“情”，达到定向联想，自动识别词义的程度。通常此类词题目考查介词、副词和连词。例如：,1Anincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtherisingcostofmedicalcare.2Onwhole,Ithoughtthefilmwasprettygood.3Iwasabouttoleavethelecturehall_Iheardmynamecalled.4Womenmakeonlyasmallproportionofthepopulationintheisland.5.Theparentswereoverthe_becausetheirsonwasadmittedintoamajoruniversity.6.IstillrememberthedayofmyfirstjobinterviewwhenIfeltthatIhadmany_inmystomach,to,the,when,up,moon,butterflies,巩固练习3：1Itriedtofigurewhathadhappened.2Myfatherisalawyer,andhediscouragedme_enteringthefield.3Suchfoodtheygaveuswasunfittoeat.4Hewaswell-preparedforthegamethathewonthegoldmedalwithease.5Icecreamisonefoodthatmostkidswilleat_hesitation.6Anestistoabirdahouseistoaman.7weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.,out,from,as,so,without,what,As,技巧（二）如何判断所填单词的性？在确定词义后，还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析：1主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当，有时也用动名词、不定式短语。2谓语主要是由动词充当。3表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当，有时也用动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。4状语主要由副词充当。例如：,1.Onweekendspeoplearefreetorelaxandenjoy.2.Hedugfor12hours24hours._,inthe38thhour,hepulledbackalargestoneandheardhissonsvoice.3.Ourteacheroftenworksdeepintothenightforusstudents,whichmakesus_moved,themselves,Eventually/Finally,deeply,巩固练习4：1Ineedtogoshoppingthisafternoon.Ihave_toweartothewedding.2Theviolencewasthanweexpected.Nobodydaregooutatnightalone.3Hebecamequitesuccessfuland_appearedonatelevisionshowonce.4Leotookoffcoatandsatdown.5Heismean,sonobodywantstocommunicatewith_.,nothing,worse,even,his,him,技巧（三）如何判断所填单词的词形？词形变化主要涉及到动词、形容词、副词和名词等。如果填的是动词要考虑非谓语动词、时态和语态问题。当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是可数还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词就要考虑是单数还是复数。形容词、副词要注意比较等级的形态变化。例如：,1Aftermecarefully,thedoctorsaidtherewasnothingwrongwithmyheart.2OfalltheMP3swebought,mineisthe.Itonlycostme100yuan.3.ThedictionaryIboughtismuch_thanyoursinprice,soIdonthavemuchmoneynow.4.Whilechoosingarightgiftforareceiver,youshouldconsideranotherimportantfactorthatyourgiftshouldbeassociatedwith_hobbyorinterestinsports.,examining,cheapest,higher,his/her,巩固练习5：1Muchmoreattentionshouldbepaidto_thewildanimals.2ChinaisthanJapaninpopulation.3Houserisesofastthatmanypeoplecannotaffordaflat.4Womendoctorsaremorecarefulinexaminingthepatientsthandocotors.,protecting,larger,prices,men,2010年湖南省高考真题Parentsarebusypeople.Iftheyareworking,theyareusuallynotathome1theirchildrenreturnfromschool.Sometimesitisnecessaryforaparenttowrite2after-schoolnotefortheirchildren.Theysometimesputthenoteonthekitchentable,therefrigerator,3anotherplacewheretheirchildrenaresuretofindit.Anoteisoftena4wayto“talk”withachildthanusingthetelephone.For,onething,parentshavetimetothinkabout5theywanttosaybeforetheywrite.6another,thenotelistsalltheinformationinoneplace.Itiseasytoreadagainandagain.Peopleoftenforgetallthedetailsthat7hearinatelephonecall.Finally,cellphonescanbeturned8ortelephonecallsnotanswered.Forthesereasons,after-schoolnotesareverypopularwithparents.,2010年湖南省高考真题Parentsarebusypeople.Iftheyareworking,theyareusuallynotathome1theirchildrenreturnfromschool.Sometimesitisnecessaryforaparenttowrite2after-schoolnotefortheirchildren.Theysometimesputthenoteonthekitchentable,therefrigerator,3anotherplacewheretheirchildrenaresuretofindit.Anoteisoftena4wayto“talk”withachildthanusingthetelephone.For,when/after,an,or,better,onething,parentshavetimetothinkabout5theywanttosaybeforetheywrite.6another,thenotelistsalltheinformationinoneplace.Itiseasytoreadagainandagain.Peopleoftenforgetallthedetailsthat7hearinatelephonecall.Finally,cellphonescanbeturned8ortelephonecallsnotanswered.Forthesereasons,after-schoolnotesareverypopularwithparents.,what,For,they,off,1.when/after（状语从句引导词）,2.an（冠词）,3.or（并列连词）,4.better（形容词）,5.what（名词性从句引导词）,6.for（介词）,7.they（代词）,8.off（副词）,实战演练,SoonafterDaveleftcollege,oneofhisuncles,whowasrichandhadnochildrenofhisowndiedandleftDavealotofmoney,sohedecidedtoset1hisownrealestate(房地产)agency.Hefoundaniceoffice,2somenewfurnitureandmovedin.Hehadonlybeenthereforafewhourswhenheheardsomeone3towardsthedoorofhisoffice.“Itsmyfirstcustomer!”hethought.,Hequicklypickedup4telephoneandpretendedtobeverybusy5animportantcallfromsomeoneinNewYork6wantedtobuyabigandexpensivehouseinthecountry.Themank