2010届高考英语非谓语动词

非谓语动词,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：,考点1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用todo。考点2：作表语(1)动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling,surprising,exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled,surprised,excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。,考点3：作宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape,suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(3)在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。,(4)在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be/getusedto,beaccustomedto(习惯于),contributeto,devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto,getdownto,lookforwardto等。(6)含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing阻止做,spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在做方面有些困难haveahardtimeindoingsth.做某事很艰难thereisnosenseindoing做是没有理由/道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。,考点4：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。,(3)在make,let,have等使役动词和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。,(5)getsb.todosth.=havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续);getdone=havesth.done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6)makeoneself后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。,考点5：作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。(2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于tooto,enoughto,so/suchasto等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。,(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。(6)在“连词(如when,while,if,though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点6：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、therebe、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点7：特殊句式Whynotdosth.?=Whydontyoudosth.?何不做某事呢？hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事wouldrather(not)dosth.宁愿(不)做某事woulddoAratherthandoB=wouldratherdoAthandoB=prefertodoAratherthandoB=preferdoingAtodoingB宁做A事不做B事,考点8：独立结构(1)-ing形式的独立成分：judgingby/from(根据判断),generallyspeaking(一般说来)，strictlyspeaking(严格说来),franklyspeaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：totellyouthetruth(和你说实话吧),tomakethingsworse(情况更糟的是)等。(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。,解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。,解题技巧,另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用todo还是用tobedone时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,例1theproverb,“pluckingupacrop32(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.(2008年广东),实例剖析,分析：因句中已有谓语isbased，而“pluckingupacrop32(help)itgrow”是theproverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是非谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填tohelp。,例2Whileshewasgettingme_34_(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom(2007年广东),分析：因句中已有谓语wasgetting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由o/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。,考点击破,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全国)2.Eugenesneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.Itsnouse_(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(辽宁)4.CanIsmokehere?Sorry.Wedontallow_(smoke)here.(江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陕西)6.Icantstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_(repair).(陕西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_(live)alone,butshedidntlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南),accepting,tostop,working,toberepaired,living,9.Robertisindeedawiseman.Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted_(nottake)hisadvice!(安徽)10.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)11.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(全国)12.Theyarequiet,arentthey?Yes.Theyareaccustomedto_(nottalk)atmeals.(江苏),nottaking,getting,beingopenedandclosed,nottalking,13.Isntittimeyougotdownto_(mark)thepapers?(重庆)14.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)15.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.(上海)16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime_(pass)theexam.(福建),marking,setting,walking,passing,17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek_(watch)TV.(上海)18.Ibelievethatsthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom_(happen)again.(全国)19.Didyouhavetroublein_(find)thepostoffice?(全国)20.Sandycoulddonothingbut_(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(上海),watching,happening,finding,admit,21.Ismellsomething_(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(全国)22.Dontleavethewater_(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津)23.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_(burn)allnight.(全国)24.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_(carry)outthenextyear.(全国),burning,running,burning,carried,25.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish_(speak)asmuchaswecan.(江苏)26.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_(interest)inhislectures.(江苏)27.Energydrinksarenotallowed_(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)28.Myadvisorencouragedme_(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京),spoken,interested,tobemade,totake,29.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江苏)30.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_(grow)upfromchildhood.(全国)31.Themotherfeltherself_(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)32.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_(learn).Healwaysworkshard.(全国),feel,grow,grow,tolearn,33.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.Sorry.Withsomuchwork_(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)34.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)35.Withalotofdifficultproblems_(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)36.Thedirectorhadherassistant_(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting.(全国),filling,finished,tosettle,pick,37.DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?Hehadit_(fix),becausehedoesntknowmuchaboutcomputers.(安徽)38.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)39.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself_(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.(广西)40.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow_(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(四川),fixed,improved,heard,saying,41.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(湖南)42._(walk)inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.(安徽)43._(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(福建)44._(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(福建),moving,Walking,Havingwaited,Blamed,45.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_(tell)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(陕西)46.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(全国)47.Youweresillynot_(lock)yourcar.(湖南)48.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_(breathe).(宁夏),tobetold,making,tohavelocked,tobreathe,49._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(湖南)50.When_(ask)whyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.(江西)51.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless_(water)everyday.(四川)52.When_(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.(浙江),Tocomplete,asked,watered,comparing,53.Thelastone_(arrive)paysthemeal.Agree!(全国)54.Thetrees_(blow)inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.(湖南)55.Canthose_(seat)atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?(福建)56.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_(form)inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.(广西),toarrive,blown,seated,forming,57.ItsalongtimesinceIsawmysister.(全国)Whynot_(visit)herthisweekend?58._(search)thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting.(湖南)59.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_(