高考英语语法填空解题技巧与方法

高考英语题型语法填空,高效解题技巧,语法填空题概况,在高考英语试题中，取消单项选择题，改为语法填空题，即在一篇约180多词、难度适中的短文中有10个空格，要求按照句子的语法结构或括号内的具体要求完成词形变化、语法填空等。新题型对学生掌握语言点提出了新的要求。,高考英语语法填空解题技巧与方法,Task:BriefIntroduction,概况能力要求考查方式解题方向解题步骤,考纲解读,一篇200字左右的短文或对话3-4个空白根据给出单词的正确形式填空6-7个根据上下文填写空白处所需内容（不多于三个单词）能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词拼写,1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。,语法填空题能力要求,语法填空题解题方向,从语法角度去考虑，填的是语法词，包括功能词和词形变换两个方面。不限定一个词。,语法填空题考查方式,语法填空题的考查方式，主要有两类：自由填空类和提示性填空类，这两类考查的语言项目有所不同自由填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在复习这些语法要点的时候，可采取自由填空的练习进行训练。提示性填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、情态动词、冠词等。,语法填空题解题步骤,1、浏览全文把握语篇2、边读边填先易后难3、验证复查清除难点,命题揭密,一读二填三检查,分析句子或分析语义,确定词性,解题三步走,提示：归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据,通读全文,理解大意,总结提升,检查搭配,前后连贯,一、纯空格试题的解题技巧,解题技巧,在做题过程中，要时时联系上下文，从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。,1、如果空格后是名词（尤其是单数名词），就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。,解题技巧,2、相反，如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否有所有格形式等。,解题技巧,3.1)填动词。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态，所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。,如果空格前是助动词（will,shall等）、情态动词（can,may,must等）或是动词加to的形式，则空格一定是。,如果空格前是have的各种形式，则想到构成。,如果空格前是be的各种形式，则想到用。,动词原形,完成时,进行时态或被动语态,解题技巧,3.2）考查非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。,如果与中心词是主动关系，；,如果与中心词是被动关系，；,动词不定式todo表示将来。,一般用V-ing形式,一般用V-ed形式,解题技巧,4.空格处还有可能是系表结构，一般填形容词形式。,形容词要根据上下文来确定意思，进而确定用哪个单词；,有时也可以根据前后介词的搭配来确定；,有时括号里会给出这个单词的其他形式，让你填出形容词的形式。,解题技巧,5.缺少介词。,介词可位于名词之前。如atnight,onSunday等；,也可位于形容词之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；,还可位于不及物动词之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。,解题技巧,6.从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。,表示递进：,because,forsince等；,so,therefore,hence,thus等；,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等；,but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,actually,practically等。,表示转折：,表示结果：,表示原因：,解题技巧,7、当句中主、谓、宾成分都不缺少时，则应考虑是否缺少副词来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。,常见的副词有：always,usually,never,sometimes,not,hard,quite,very,still,almost,already等。,解题技巧,8、从语境考虑，有时需要用情态动词表示特定的语气或感情。Letshaveatry:,IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursing诅咒mymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35smalltownsome20kilometresaway36therewasagarage.,Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostessscourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37villagersbroughtmegoatscheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39thetroubleIhadcaused40.,(whole),Clue?,astory,?,Style:,IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35smalltownsome20kilometresaway36therewasagarage.,broke,who,as,settled,a,where,_,_,_,_,Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostessscourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37villagersbroughtmegoatscheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39thetroubleIhadcaused40.,Other,merrily,for,her,真题分析与研究,Determiner(限定词):,Articles(冠词):,Conj.(连词),Partofspeech(词性),others:,v.(-ing,todo,done)非谓语,n./v./adj./adv./prefix/suffix,Nounclauses,（what,if,whether）Adverbialclause,(when,where,why)Attributiveclause(which,who,that,whose)等各种从句,some,whole,any,other,indefinitearticles不定冠词(a/an)definitearticle定冠词(the),Pron.(代词),I,me,my,mine,myself,转折,并列,递进,引导词,考点,Examples,TheInternethasbecomepartofyoungpeopleslife._1_reportshowsthat38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget_2_(use)informationontheInternet_3_usetheInternettohelpintheirstudies.Butmanystudentsdontuseit_4_agoodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,somevisitwebsites_5_shouldntlookat.Sobadthingsmayhappen_6_studentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet._7_isimportantforstudentstousetheInternetproperly.Nowwehaveatextbook,_8_usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.Somestudentsalsomake_9_ontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveaface-to-face_10_(meet)withyouronlinefriends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.,A,useful,and,in,they,if,It,which,friends,meeting,Successahead!,Thankyou!,例1（1）Althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease_.（09广东）,him,技巧1：主句缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（词）。,2.Janewaswalkingaroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult_wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.(2009)3.Theyneedeachother_physicallyandemotionally.,it,both,例.hewouldopenthebox,takeoutanimaginarykiss,andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulchild_hadputitthere.,who,技巧1：定语从句缺主语或宾语，一定是填适当的关系词，如：who,that,which,whom。,例.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingto_shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme(07广东）,who,技巧1：名词性从句缺主语或宾语，根据句子意思填适当的词，如：who/whom,what,技巧2：定语从句缺地点状语用_,缺时间状语用_，缺原因状语用_。,例2.Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway_therewasagarage.,where,why,when,where,例._oldyouare,itsnottoolatetomakeyourlifemoreinteresting.,However,技巧2：状语从句缺地点状语用_,缺时间状语用_，缺原因状语用_，缺方式状语用_。,where/wherever,when/whenever,why,how/however,例.Itissaidthatthefatherkeptthatlittlegoldboxbyhisbedforalltheyearsofhislife._hewasdiscouragedorfacedwithdifficultproblemshewouldopenthebox,takeoutanimaginarykiss,andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulgirl.,When/Whenever,技巧3：当空格后面是名词，若充当成分，填限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词），很可能是填限定词。,例3.（1）Itissaidthat_short-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(920-1279)wasveryanxioustohelp_ricecropgrowupquickly.,his,a,（2）Theyoungmanwenthomewithahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet_studenttastethewater.（2010),another,技巧4：介词的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示。,例4.Thelittlegirllooked_athimwithtearsrollingfromhereyesandsaid:“Daddy,itsnotempty.Iblewkissesintoit_itwasallfull.”,up,until,例5.Twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso_CandidoPortinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.,and,技巧5：若空格前后为并列的单词、短语或句子之间，填连词。,例6.ListentothesewordsfromDarwinP.Kingsley:“Youhavepowersyouneverdreamedof.Youcandothingsyouneverthoughtyou_do.(2)Hehadnotimeorenergytoplaywithhischildrenortalkwithhiswife,buthe_bringhomearegularsalary.,could,did,技巧6：若结构完整，空格后的谓语动词是原型，且又与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很有可能是填_或_。,情态动词,表示强调或倒装的助动词（do,does,did等）,例7(1)_wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldnteatMSG(味精).(2)_withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.,It,Only,技巧7：由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词,二、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧,例1.(1)ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.,closed,（一）：若括号中给出的动词为谓语动词,考点为时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后。,wastold,gave,(2)YoungBeethoven_(tell)thathehadnotalentformusic,buthe_(give)someofthebestmusictotheworld.,（二）：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式，done形式，还是todo形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。,1._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.,Tocomplete,followed,saying,2.Hesawthestone,_(say)tohimself:“Thenightwilllbeverydark.”3.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_(follow)bytheforeignguests.,（三）词类转换题的解题技巧词类转化题巩固练习,1.“Thirty-fivecents,shesaid36_(rude).2.Oneofthe33_(bad)giftchoicesIhadevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher3.39_(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjustonly10minutesleft.!4.Itwashis32_(nine)yearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasangry.5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my37_(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebook.6.Itwouldbe_(believe)thatsuchanhonestmanshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends.,ninth,rudely,worst,suggestion,Unfortunately,unbelievable,.语法填空题空格设计,纯空格,有提示词,给出了动词的试题,词类词义转换题,谓语动词，非谓语动词,词类转换,名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，强调助动词等,WhenyouareinEnglandyoumustbeverycarefulinthestreets1thetrafficdrivesontheleft.Beforeyoucrossastreetyoumustlooktotherightfirst2thentheleft.Inthemorningandintheeveningwhenpeoplegotoorcomefrom3,thestreetsareverybusy.Trafficismost4(danger)then.WhenyougobybusinEngland,youhavetobecareful,5.Alwaysrememberthetrafficmovesontheleft.Soyoumustbecareful.6(have)alookfirst,oryouwillgo7wrongway.InmanyEnglishcities,therearebigbuses8twofloors.Yourcansitonthe9(two)floor,10youcanseethecityverywell.Itsveryinteresting.,because,and,work,dangerous,too,Have,the,with,second,where,MostAmericansdontliketogetadvice1membersoftheirfamily.Theygetadvicefrom“2(strange)”.Whentheyneedadvice,theydontusuallygotopeopletheyknow.3,manyofthemwriteletterstonewspapersandmagazines4giveadviceonanydifferentsubjects5(include)familyproblems,theuseoflanguage,health,cooking,childcare,clothes,6evenonhowtobuyahouseoracar.Mostnewspapers7regular)printlettersfromreaderswithproblems.Alongwiththelettersthereareanswers8(write)bypeoplewhoaresupposedtoknowhowtosolvesuchproblems.Someofthesewritersaredoctors,9arelawyersoreducators.Buttwoofthemostfamouswritersofadvicearewomenwithoutspecial10(train)forthiskindofwork.,from,strangers,Instead,that,including,and,regularly,written,Others,training,Thanksalot!,根据此表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：(1)纯空格题：通常考等四类词。一个空格只能填个单词,(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考_、_、_等。一个空格可以填个单词,冠词、介词、代词和连词,一,动词,形容词和副词的比较级、最高级,词类转换,一,二或三,Mycar_(repair)now.,isbeingrepaired,GroupWork,Discussthefollowingsentenceswithyourpartners,andtrytofindoutsomesimilaritiesofthewordsweuse.,考点分析,语法填空要求根据上下文填入动词(verb)、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)等词或其适当形式,3.theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittosmalltownsome20kilometersaway.,考点一：冠词,无提示词名词之前,Oncetherewereagoatandadonkey.Sothefarmerkilled40_goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas35_shy,nervousperfectionist.,the,a,考查语法点:定冠词、不定冠词的用法,考点分析,a,解题技巧下列情况很可能填：(1)_+可数名词(单数)；(2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)。,下列情况下很可能填：(1)_(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)_(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)_(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。,考点分析,不定冠词,定冠词,1Hes_amazingsinger,amusicvideodirector,andhe2_university/European/uniquebuilding/usefulbook3Thisis_lawofAmericanofallsuccessfulpeople.,4hourhonestboy_8-year-oldboyX-rayphoto/umbrella/American,an,a,the,an,考点二：介词,无提示词：注意搭配问题与名词连用构成介宾短语担任表语、状语,补语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语,1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis39_greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback34_thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimisticsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_sale.4.Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday,of,at,考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配,考点分析,on,from/after,考点三：代词,无提示词作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词性和名词性物主代词的区别。指示代词（that和this，these和those）,不定代词，it,反身代词等的用法,考查语法点:代词的基本用法,考点分析,1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_wanttosayitagain:asmile,it,her,me,考点分析,解题技巧因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词等充当，而名词、动名词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。,考点四：并列连词或从属连词,无提示词两个主谓结构连接,1.Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains16theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.(2014广州一模)2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,17factorypollutionturnedthelocalskyblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter_someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches,why,when,考查语法点:各类复合句中从属连词的用法,考点分析,where,that,解题技巧(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but，so，for，eitheror等。(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有并列连词，那空格处必定是填从属连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,orso，for，eitheror等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。,考点分析,考点五：谓语动词,有提示词与主语构成主谓结构,1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure_(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.,wastold,kept,考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,考点分析,results,考点六：非谓语动词,有提示词常考查doing/done/todo的用法,Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson32_(receive)thegift.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_(complete)therest!Mypupils,Donnie40_(include),adoredher.4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows(眉毛)(raise).,receiving,tocomplete,included,考查语法点:非谓语动词doing/done/todo等的使用,考点分析,raised,5._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.,Tocomplete,7.Somepeoplesaytheoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_(success.),tosucceed,注意：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用todo形式。,6.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould_(pass)theexaminations.,topass,注意：名词前有first,second,last,only修饰时，后面要用todo做后置定语。,8.Heisthelasttoleave（leave）school.9.Sheistheonlypersontoget（get）thejob.,考点七：词性转换,有提示词介词、冠词、所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词、副词修饰形容词副词、动词或整个句子,1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid36_(rude).2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my37_(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveano