2011届英语二轮专题复习课件阅读理解人物传记类（湖南专用）

专题一人物传记类,专题一人物传记类,人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。,人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙，插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节复杂化。,2010湖南WhenMaryMoorebeganherhighschoolin1951，hermothertoldher，“Besureandtakeatypingcoursesowhenthisshowbusinessthingdoesntworkout，youllhavesomethingtorelyon.”Maryrespondedintypicalteenagefashion.Fromthatmomenton，“theverylastthingIeverthoughtaboutdoingwastakingatypingcourse，”sherecalls.,Theshowbusinessthingworkedout，ofcourse.Inhercareer，Marywonmanyawards.Onlyrecently，whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain，didsheregretignoringhermom.“Idontknowhowtouseacomputer，”sheadmits.,Unlikeher1995autobiography，AfterAll，hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanawardwinningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病)AllthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfortheJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation(JDRF)，anorganizationsheservesasinternationalchairman.“Ifelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis，”shesays.“Ididntwanttolecture，butIwantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwereselfcontrolledanddoourpartinmanagingthedisease.”,Butshehasntalwayspracticedwhatsheteaches.Inherbook，shedescribesthatawfulday，almost40yearsago，whenshereceivedtwopiecesoflifechangingnews.First，shehadlostthebabyshewascarryingandsecond，testsshowedthatshehaddiabetes.Inachildlikeact，sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts(甜甜圈),Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowupagainandtakecontrolofherdiabetes，notletitcontrolher.Onlythendidshekickherthreepackadaycigarettehabit，overcomeheraddictiontoalcohol，andbegintofollowabalanceddiet.,Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor，sherefusestofallintoselfpity.“Everybodyonearthcanask，whyme？aboutsomethingorother，”sheinsists.“Itdoesntdoanygood.Nooneisimmune(免疫的)toheartachepain，anddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.IvecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasIvegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”,()1.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?A.Shedidntachieveherambition.B.Shedidnttakecareofhermother.C.Shedidntcompleteherhighschool.D.Shedidntfollowhermothersadvice.()2.Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary_.A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawardsC.knewhowtouseacomputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting,()3.MaryssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther_.A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusinessC.serviceforanorganizationD.remembranceofhermother()4.WhenMaryreceivedthelifechangingnews，she_.A.lostcontrolofherselfB.beganabalanceddietC.triedtogetatreatmentD.behavedinanadultway,()5.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Maryfeelspityforherself.B.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.C.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.DMarydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.,【文章大意】本文主要介绍了玛丽摩尔职业生涯及与病魔之争。1.D细节理解题。根据第二段Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregretignoringhermom.“Idontknowhowtouseacomputer，”sheadmits.可判断选D。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段“Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.”可判断选B。,3.A细节理解题。根据第三段“hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanawardwinningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病)”可判断选A。4.A细节理解题。根据第四段“Inachildlikeact,sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts(甜甜圈).Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowupagainandtakecontrolofherdiabetes,notletitcontrolher.”可判断选A。,5.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的MaryMoore所说的话“IvecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasIvegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C。,(一)RogerYonchienTsien(bornFebruary1,1952)isanAmericanbiochemistandaprofessorattheDepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Hewasawardedthe2008NobelPrizeinchemistryforhisdiscoveryanddevelopmentofthegreenfluorescentprotein(GFP)withtwootherchemistsOsamuShimomuraandMartinChalfie.,Tsienhadanumberoftopengineersinhisextendedfamily,includinghisfatherHsueChuTsien，whowasamechanicalengineerandhismothersbrotherswhowereengineeringprofessorsatMIT.BothofTsiensparentscamefromZhejiangProvince,China.ThefamousrocketscientistTsienHsueshen,regardedasthecofoundingfatherofJPLofCaltechandlaterthedirectoroftheChineseballisticmissileprogram,isacousinofTsiensfather.,TsiensbrotherRichardTsienisalsoarenownedscientistatStanford.Tsien,whocallshisownworkmolecularengineering,oncesaid,“Imdoomedbyhereditytodothiskindofwork”.,HeattendedHarvardUniversityonaNationalMeritScholarship,wherehewaselectedtoPhiBetaKappaasajunior.Aftercompletinghisbachelorsdegree,hejoinedthePhysiologicalLaboratoryattheUniversityofCambridgeinCambridge,EnglandwiththeaidofaMarshallScholarship.HereceivedhisPhDinphysiologyfromChurchillCollege,UniversityofCambridgein1977.HewasaResearchFellowatGonvilleandCaiusCollege,UniversityofCambridgefrom1977to1981.,AcademiccareerAftercompletinghisPhDatCambridgeUniversity,hewasappointedtothefacultyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,from1982to1989.Since1989hehasbeenworkingattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,asProfessorofPharmacologyandProfessorofChemistryandBiochemistry,andaninvestigatoroftheHowardHughesMedicalInstitute.,ResearchTsienisrenownedforrevolutionizingthefieldsofcellbiologyandneurobiologybyallowingscientiststopeerinsidelivingcellsandwatchthebehaviorofmoleculesinrealtime.In2004,TsienwasawardedtheWolfPrizeinMedicine.In2006hebecameaForeignFellowoftheRoyalSocietyintheUK.Dr.TsienalsohelpspromotescienceeducationtopromisingyoungscientiststhroughthefirsteverLunchwithaLaureateProgram.,()1.Wecaninferfromthearticle_.ARogerYonchienTsienwasborninChinaandbroughtupinAmericaBRogerYonchienTsiensfamilyseemtohaveagreatgiftforscienceCRogerYonchienachievedmoreachievementsthanOsamuShimomuraandMartinChalfieDTsienHsueshenisthenephewofRogerYonchienTsien,()2.Theunderlinedword“renowned”probablymeans_.AnewBwellknownCgoodDreliable()3.WhatdidTsienmeanwhenhesaid“Imdoomedbyhereditytodothiskindofwork”？AHisteacheraskedhimtodothework.BHehastodosuchkindofworkforhehasnootherinterest.,CHisparentsforcehimtodoresearchintothescience.DHewasborntostudysciencebecausetherearesomanyscientistsinhisfamily.()4.Whichofthefollowingmightbeauniversity?AGFP.BPhiBetaKappa.CMIT.DSanDiego.,()5.Whichofthefollowingcanbechosenasthebesttitle?ARogerYonchienTsienWonNobelPrizefor2008BRogerYonchienTsienandHisFamilyCTheGreatAchievementsofMr.TsienDAShortIntroductionofRogerYonchienTsien,【文章大意】本文主要介绍了RogerYonchienTsien获得诺贝尔奖以及他的科学家血统的家族和他的学习经历。1B推理判断题。通过第二段”Tsienhadanumberoftopengineersinhisextendedfamily“以及此段后面列举的RogerYonchienTsien家族的父辈，祖父辈等都是工程师、科学家的表述得知他们家族在科研方面的天赋。而A中的”borninChina“文中没有提到。,由文中第一段”Hewasawardedthe2008NobelPrizeinchemistryforhisdiscoveryanddevelopmentofthegreenfluorescentprotein(GFP)withtwootherchemistsOsamuShimomuraandMartinChalfie.并不能说明他获得的成就高于另外两人。由“ThefamousrocketscientistTsienHsueshen,regardedasthecofoundingfatherofJPLofCaltechandlaterthedirectoroftheChineseballisticmissileprogram,isacousinofTsiensfather.”可以看出D的表述刚好反过来,2B词义猜测题。通过上文对RogerYonchienTsien这位科学家获得2008诺贝尔化学奖以及后文对他在科研方面突出成就的描述可以猜出，此处的renowned应该是“闻名于世”的意思。3D推理判断题。通过第二段对他家族如此多的科学家的表述，又由Tsien,whocallshisownworkmolecularengineering,oncesaid,Imdoomedbyhereditytodothiskindofwork.可推测这句话最可能的意思就是“祖祖辈辈遗传下来，命中注定要做这个工作的”。,4C细节理解题。由第二段“includinghisfatherHsueChuTsien，whowasamechanicalengineerandhismothersbrotherswhowereengineeringprofessorsatMIT”得出，MIT是个大学名字。A错误，由第一段“thegreenfluorescentprotein(GFP)”可知。C错误，由第三段“HeattendedHarvardUniversityonaNationalMeritScholarship,wherehewaselectedtoPhiBetaKappaasajunior.”可知其中哈佛大学才是university。D错误，由第四段“Since1989hehasbeenworkingattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego，”可知，加利佛尼亚大学在SanDiego市。,5D标题归纳题。A、B、C均不全面。前三段对RogerYonchienTsien获得诺贝尔奖以及他的科学家血统的家族和他的学习经历分别进行了介绍。,(二)MichaelJosephJacksonwasbornonAugust29,1958.HewasborninGary,Indiana.Hewastheseventhchildoutofninechildreninhisfamily.Michaelwasoftenphysicallyabusedbyhisfather,beatenupandalsoverballyabused.ButMichaelalsoowedhissuccesstohisfathersbeingstrict.Michaelwasalwaysanentertainer.Evenwhenhejustjoinedschool,hewouldperforminfrontoffriendsandclassmates.Michaelstartedhisprofessionalmusiccareerattheageof11,asamemberofTheJacksonFive.,HeswellknownforincreasingthepopularityofMTVthroughhismusicvideos.Beforethis,musicvideosweremadejusttopromotethealbums.ButMichaelsvideosmanagedtochangethatinvideosbeingmadeasanart,andforbigbusiness.SomeofthemusicvideosthataregoodexamplesofthisfactareBeatIt,BillieJean,andThriller.Throughtheseworksofhis,theworldgotcaughtontotheideaofmusicvideosanddedicatedmusicvideochannels.,Michaelenthralledhisfansandaudienceswithhisstyleofsinging,dressing,andhiscomplexdancemoves,especiallythe“Moonwalk”.Themoonwalkissomethingthatpeoplefromeverypartoftheglobeloveandtrytoimitate.Peoplehavealsodonemassmoonwalksallaroundtoshowtheirlovetowardshim.,MichaelJacksonsupported39charities.Throughhisworkandvariousfoundations,heraisedanddonatedmillionstowardcharity,muchmorethananyothershowman.Hehadgreatloveforchildren,especiallythepoorones,andhefeltchildrenwerethenextbestthingafterGod.,Michaelplanedtostarta50concerttourinJuly2009.Sadly,on25thJune,2009,Michaelpassedawayathome.MichaelJacksonwasagreatperformer,showmanandentertainer,besidesthegoodhumanandcharitablepersonthathewas.ItsveryunlikelythattherewilleverbeanotherentertainerlikeMichaelJacksoneveragain.,()1.WhichofthefollowingtopicsisnotdescribedaboutMichaelJacksoninthepassage?AChildhood.BPersonallife.CMusiccareer.DCharity.()2.Accordingtothepassage,MichaelJackson_.AlivedahappylifeasachildBfellinlovewithmusicat11ClovedperformingatschoolDwasgratef