2014届高考英语《语法填空》复习方案二轮权威课件(广东省专用)：专题六-说明文型语法填空

专题六说明文型语法填空,专题导读,典例导练,新题预测,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：(1)多用现在时态。说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。(2)采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的事物进行的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主、谓、宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示来确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。,返回目录,专题导读,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,典例导练,2013湖南卷改编Whenkidsinpartsoftheworldwanttoplay,theyoftenmakesoccerballsoutoftrashtiedtogetherwithstring.“1._theareasusedforplayingfieldsareoftenroughandrocky,millionsofrealballsgoflat(变瘪)2._24hours，”saysTimJahnigen,aCaliforniabusinessman.Determinedtosolvethisproblem,3._createdanindestructibleball4._(call)theOneWorldFutbol.Theballismadeof5._specialmaterial,ethylenevinylacetatefoam.Itslightweight,itsflexible,andmost6._(importance)itholdsitsshape.,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,典例导练,TheOneWorldFutbolneedsnopump7._wontwearout,evenonroughsurfaces.Whentested,8._withstood(经受住)beingcrushedbyacar,andevenbeingchewedonbyalion.Althoughitcosts9._(much)toproducethanatypicalsoccerball,Jahnigen10._(estimate)theOneWorldFutbolcanlast30years.Sofar,itsbeengiventokidsin143countries.,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,典例导练,【要点综述】由于真正的足球容易变形损坏，所以TimJahnigen发明了一种耐用的新式足球。1Because考查连词的用法。句意：因为用来踢足球的场地常常崎岖不平且有很多岩石，所以大多数足球很容易变瘪。because引导原因状语从句。2within考查介词的用法。由下文的solvethisproblem可知足球变瘪是很容易的，也就是时间很短，在24小时“以内”。3he考查人称代词的用法。句子缺少主语，he指代上文中提到的TimJahnigen。4Called,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,典例导练,5a考查冠词的用法。名词material在此是可数的。这种足球是由一种特殊的材料制成的。6Important7and考查并列连词的用法。连接两个并列的否定词组needsnopump和wontwearout，意为“不用打气，也不会磨损”。8it考查指示代词的用法。本句缺少主语，而且该主语与test构成逻辑上的被动关系，可见它指代的是上文中的TheOneWorldFutbol。9More10estimates,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,新题预测,Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.1._，thesurestwaytosuccessistokeepyourdirectionandstick2._yourgoal.Onyourwaytosuccess,youmustkeepyour3._(direct)Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessand4._(help)youovercomeobstaclesonyourway.5._，youwilleasilyget6._(lose)orhesitatetogoahead.Directionsmeanobjectives.Youcangetnowhere7._anobjectiveinlife.,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,新题预测,Youcantrytowriteyourobjectiveonpaperandmakesomeplanstoachieve8._Onlyinthiswaywillyouknowhowtoarrangeyourtimeandtospendyourtime9._(proper)Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief10._youaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,新题预测,【要点综述】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。1However此句与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点，所以用副词however。2tostickto意为“坚持”。3Direction4helping与guiding并列，一起补充说明alamp，故用现在分词。5Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。,返回目录,专题六说明文型语法填空,新题预测,6Lost7without句意：人生如果没有目标，将一事无成。8itit指代yourobjective。9properly修饰动词spend，作状语，用副词。10that引导同位语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。,返回目录,备用习题,(一)Theairwebreatheisfreelyavailable,withoutwhichwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,airisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryone1._(need)it.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhile2._(seat)aroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.3._breathetheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomake4._magnificentlife.Opportunityis5._thesameway,anditiseverywhere.Itis6._freelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess;itmust,返回目录,备用习题,7._(seize)andacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity”，asiftheopportunitywilldoalltheworkthats8._(possible).Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathingthefreshairofopportunity,9._.Youmustmakeuseofit.Thatsnotuptotheopportunity;thatsuptoyou.Itdoesntmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison,but10._mattersiswhatyoudowithit.,返回目录,解析1.needs考查主谓一致，everyone作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。2.seated考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语，相当于“whiletheyareseated”。3.Others考查不定代词。句型：someothers。4.a考查冠词。一种奇妙的生活。5.in考查介词。inway以的方式，为固定搭配。6.so考查连词。句型：sothat。7.beseized考查动词的语态。依据上下文的理解，“有机遇必须抓住，你才能成功。”,备用习题,返回目录,8.impossible考查形容词。依据上下文和构词法，此处应为“不可能”，故用impossible。9.however/though考查副词。插入语，意为“然而”。10.what考查主语从句引导词。what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。,备用习题,返回目录,备用习题,(二)ThirtytwopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese1._(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas2._neighbour.Yet3._ofthe32helpedher.Nooneevencalledthepolice.JohnBarleyandBibFatanewentbeyondtheheadlinestoresearchintothereasons4._peopledidntact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps5._hecanhelp.First,hehastonoticethatitis6._emergency(紧急情况).Isthesmokecomingintotheroom7._aleakintheairconditioner?,返回目录,备用习题,Isitfromsteampipes?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?Itsnotalwayseasytotellifyou8._(face)witharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportantly,thepersonwhoisfacinganemergencymustfeelpersonally9._(responsibility).Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,10._thepersonwontgetthehelpheneeds.,返回目录,【要点综述】JohnBarley和BibFatane对人们见死不救的原因研究后，发现人们出手帮助前会思考两个步骤：一是确实出现紧急情况；二是出现上述情况是自己的责任且自己是唯一能够给予帮助的人。1.beingkilled因KittyGenovese与kill是被动关系，可知应填killed或beingkilled；由后文看到她被杀而没人帮助可知，应当是指她在被杀的过程中没人去帮助，因此用beingkilled更好。2.their指KittyGenovese是看到她被打的那32个人的邻居。3.none由yet和后面的“Nooneevencalledthepolice.”可知，32人中“没有一个人”帮助她。