雅思小作文所使用的词汇和表达

.雅思小作文所使用的词汇和表达1、趋势类词汇上升动词类: increase, go up, rise up, grow up, jump up, surge, shoot up, keep an upward tendency下降动词类: decrease, go down, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip, keep a downward tendency波动动词类: fluctuate持平动词类: remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant修饰动词的副词: slightly 轻微地, slowly 缓慢地, gradually 逐渐地, steadily 稳定地, rapidly 迅速地, moderately 温和地, 轻微地, significantly 明显地, sharply 明显地, dramatically急剧地, drastically 急剧地上升名词类: increase, rise, growth, jump, surge下降名词类: decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动名词类: fluctuation修饰名词的形容词: slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic2、极值类词汇和表达最高点: reach the peak/top/highest pointIncrease to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)最低点: reach the bottom/lowest pointdrop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占的最多: occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of 占的最少: occupy/make up/take up/account for the smallest proportion/number/percentage of3、倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍4、大约的表达方式About/around + 数字数字 + or soApproximately + 数字5、常用的小作文的趋势句式表达句式一: 变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+时间区间Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1940-2000.The number of aged people over 65 dropped slightly from 1960-1980.The number of aged people over 65 fluctuated between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.The number of aged people over 65 remained stable from 1930-1940.句式二: There be + 形容词 + 表示趋势的名词 + in+ 变化的主体+ 时间区间Eg: There was an significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1940-2000.There was a slight decline in the number of aged people over 65 from 1960-1980.There was a fluctuation between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.小作文模板1 according to the chart2 the date lead us to the conclusion that3 the date show4 the tree diagram reveals how5 the figures show6 this is a cure graph which describes the trend of7 the pie graph depicts8 the graph provides some interesting date regarding9 the table shows the changes in the number of over the period from to 10 as is shown in the table 11 from the table ,we can clearly see that 12 this table shows the changing proportion of X and Y from to 13 the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in14 as can be seen from the grape ,the two curves show the flutuation of 15 over the period from to the remained level.16 in the year between and .17 in the 3 years spanning from 2005 through 2008.18 the number of remained steady from to .19 the number sharply went up to 20 the percentage of stayed the same between and 21 the percentage remained steady at22 the percentage of is sightly large than that of.23 there is not a great deal of diffenreces between and 24 the graphs show a three fold increase in the number of 25 decreased year by year while increased steadily.26 there is an upward trend in the number of 27 a considerable increase occurred from to 28 from to the rate of decrease slow down.29 from this year on, there was a gradual decline reduction in the reaching a figure of.30 be similar to be the same as31 there are a lot similarities between and 32 the difference between X and Y lies in 流程图（process diagram）一般来说，每年只考两到三次，属于雅思小作文中的非主流题型。事实上，流程图和其他数据图最大的区别在于：流程图是纯文字的，以描述为主，属于说明文。相比之下，柱状图、饼状图、表格等数据图则需要对数据进行分析和比较。写好流程图，需要注意以下五个方面：一、时态相对单一，主要用一般现在时。二、经常使用被动语态，显得比较客观和正式。三、找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段。四、掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(Sequencing Words)，用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序。重点掌握以下几个词。例如，表示过程用process 或procedure，过程的各个阶段和步骤可以用stage或step来描述。在谈到第一个步骤时可以用连接词At first、To begin with、In the first stage等引出。在进入中间的步骤时可以用Then、Next、After that或The second stage等，最后一个步骤可以用Finally、Lastly或The final stage。当然，如果有一些平行的步骤也可以用At the same time、Meanwhile等来引出。五、对于题目里出现的专业词汇或生词，不认识也没关系，只需照抄即可。简单地说, 流程图的本质其实就是要求学生将图中出现的文字信息用连贯的语言串起来，不需要过多地发挥。建议同学们考前可以多看几篇流程图作文的范文，例如剑6的Test3，以及写作机经里的流程图例子等等。只要熟悉流程图的特点和写作方法，真正做到有备而来，那么流程图作文对你来说将会是小菜一碟。2010年雅思小作文流程图流程图 基本要领关键就在于要把考官当做“盲人”来对待，而你的任务就是用语言文字把流程图的main features说明给他，使得他能通过文字在脑海里再现一个清晰的图形。而这就是流程图的解题要领精髓所在。如果能够全面的展示图中的每个要点（TA），又能使文章连贯流畅而有逻辑性（CC），并辅之以精确丰富的词汇与语法（LR, GRA）那么好的流程图就应运而生了。流程图 写作特点解析流程图写作特点之一： 一般来说，介绍过程要使用一般现在时，而除了要通篇时态一致之外，还要注意主谓一致与单复数一致的问题。流程图写作特点之二：定语从句与被动语态要在流程图中经常使用，定语从句的使用是为了将有关联的两个过程连接。而被动语态的使用是为了增强文章表述的客观性。流程图写作特点之三：顺序词，雅思写作的得分要点，在流程图里尤为重要，既是流程（过程），就有顺序，要使过程清晰化，就要有顺序词。流程图写作特点之四：要适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的的一些内容，否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度，千万不要加上自己的主观观点，否则会扣分流程图写作特点之五：所有流程图都是示意图，这意味着在描述时，不要只拘泥于图形标示是什么，而要写出其代表的含义。流程图 写作常见问题在流程图的写作当中，学生在遣词造句的时候会出现一些常见错误。有些是因为词汇和语法的功底不扎实，有些是因为没有遵循雅思写作的规则，下面的就是一些常见错误的例子和修改方法。问题句：The charts show how chocolate is produced错误分析：由于该题的题目是The illustrations above show how chocolate is produced 而学生在写该句时只对题目里的句子做了微小的调整，有照抄原题的嫌疑，所以该开场句不但不计入有效字数，而且会失分。修改方法：paraphrasing与细节添加扩展：The ten pictures demonstrates/ illustrates / exhibits / depicts / describes / gives information about the different stages of making liquid chocolate .问题句：cacao tree grow in South America, Africa and Indonesia错误分析：（1）名词表种类时，前面的冠词不能省略，或使用其复数形式，所以应该是a /the cacao tree或cacao trees。（2）开头不能冲上来就直接介绍cacao tree，而是通过主题词chocolate引出，否则显得太唐突修改后：Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is growing in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.问题句：The tree produces large red pods，and the pods contain white cocoa beans.错误分析：该句语法上虽然说的过去但是不符合英语表达习惯，当前后有重复的关联部分时，可使用定语从句，将有关联的两句话连接。同时，这样还可以增加句型复杂程度。修改后：The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.问题句： the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed, they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.错误分析：此错误在中国学生中非常常见，由于汉语里的连词数量很少，而又不常用，所以中国学生通常没有使用连词的习惯，而英语则不同，其“形和”特点使得连词成为英语里最常用的词类之一，而且连词也是雅思写作的得分点之一（CC）.所以，应使用一些表示顺序的连接词。修改后：when the pods are ripe,they are harvested, then the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.利用写作框架观察阅读文章结构1. 主题性阅读文章和雅思写作题目涵盖的范围比较广，具有极强的主题性，其重合话题有：环境、社会、教育三大方面。阅读文章的内容能帮助考生更好地理解题目的文化背景，积累观点素材，在备考过程中，考生可以将这两项结合起来。剑四test 2的reading passage 1“Lost for Words”极好的回答了雅思一道较难的文化类考题：what are the reasons for the loss of many cultures and languages? How to solve this problem?”许多学生因为缺少对这一背景的了解而无从下手，我们完全可以看看这篇阅读文章提供了哪些素材：1 “What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children, it is relatively safe。”2 “people reject the language of their parents It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society”3 “Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity。”4 “ They cannot refuse to speak English if most commercial activity is in English”这些都是十分准确而又全面的回答，说明了许多语言丧失的原因，甚至连语言丧失对于文化的连带影响也有所涉及：“Language is also intimately bound with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other。”这篇文章在后文也对如何解决这一问题做出了回答：“ a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direst prediction from coming true.apprentice programs have provided life support t several indigenous languages。”值得注意的是，这篇阅读文章的结构是遵循“背景原因解决方式”的架构来安排的，对于写作结构也有很好的架构作用。2.流程图的描述2010年雅思写作Task I图画题频现，许多学生不太熟悉流程图，对于如何描述其过程极为担心。其实分析发现，这样的句式在说明型的阅读文章中屡见不鲜，这类阅读文章常常涉及某个事物的发展过程或者制作方式，其遣词造句都是可以进行学习和利用。剑五Test 2 Reading passage 1是一篇关于对现代塑料的说明文章，其中有一段就是对塑料制作过程的描述，很多句式都可以“拿来我用”。首先是对这一流程的总体概括“The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle。” 我们可以根据这个句式来描写2009年9月一道关于玻璃瓶子回收过程的题目，如：“A three-stage process is outlined, in which the used bottles are collected and re-produced in the plant. “接着，制作过程中的细节按照先后顺序铺开，并结合被动语态与准确的动词选择：“The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced, including. . In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape ”，其中的”cool, break, grind, pour”等动词都是在工作流程中的高频词汇。“then, in the last stage”也可以作为极好的连接过渡词。剑五Test 4 Reading passage 2关于强化玻璃的说明文中也有类似的描述句式：“ used to make glass, and nickel can also be introduced by fragments of nickel alloys falling into the molten glass. As the glass is heated, these atoms react to form ”其中的“be used to, introduce, me