英语四级选词填空

-20122014年英语四级真题及答案1. 选词填空2014年12月Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section AFor decades, Americans have taken for granted the XXXX development of new technologies. The innovations(创新)XXXX opment during World War II and afterwards were(36)_ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of(37)_ society now depend, were possible because the United States then(38)_ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the(39)_ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing. The deeling in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, and math.)seems to be(40)_related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remediat(补习的)math(41)_, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering(42)_complete a major in those fields.The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43)_ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront(前言)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the(44)_ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn(45)_ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.A.accelerating B.actually C.closely D.contemporaryE.courses F.critical G.declining H.degreesI.especially J.future K.led L.metM.procedures N.proportions O.sphetes2014年6月Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000 -year -long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36_ away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37_ with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are 38 _to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39_ between 1 and 6 over the next 100 years. The warming will be more 40_ in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the 41_ of this warming will be very different depending on where you arecoastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (宜居的) and 42_ for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43_ , everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists 44_ that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random (无规律的) variationsome years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 _but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.A) appealing I) melted B) average J) persistC) contributing K) ranging D) dramatic L) recentlyE) frequently M) resolved F) impact N) sensible G) line O) shock H) maintain2013年12月Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowing passage.What does it take to be a well-trainednurse? The answer used to be two-year associates or four-year bachelorsdegree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36_, a growing number of schoolsand hospitals are establishing “fast-track programs” that enable collegegraduates with no nursing 37_ to become registered nurses with only a year or soof 38_ training.In 1991, there were only 40 fast-trackcurricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia Universitys Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of sciencein nursing in a year. Those who stay on for an 39_ two years can earn a masters degree that 40_ them as nurse practitioners (执业护士) orclinical nurse specialists.Many students are recent 41_; others are careerswitchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbias program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for apharmaceutical (药物的) research company. At Columbia, he was 42_ as a nurse practitioner. “I saw thatnurses were in high 43_ and it looked like a really good opportunity,” he says. “Also, I didnt want to be in school for that long.”The fast-track trend fills a need, but its alsocreating some 44_ between newcomers and veterans. “Nurses that arestill at the bedside 45_ these kids with suspicion,” says LindaPellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. “They wonder,how can they do it quicker?” The answer is they dont.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) additionalB) appliedC) demandD) excessiveE) experienceF) exploresG) graduatesH) operationsI) promoteJ) qualifiesK) specializedL) tensionM) trainedN) view O) worsens2013年6月Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47_ risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48_ benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49_ of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50_ bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51_ recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52_ important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53_ , and simple flexibility training can 54 _these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, youll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55_ is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56_ stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topic2012年12月Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of American youngsters. But 47_ a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 48 _is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity(肥胖症).Burger King, the nations second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 49 _automatically including French fries and soda in its kids meals starting this month, although they will still be 50_. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 51_ such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals.“Were asking the customers to 52 _what they want,” said Craig Prusher, the chains vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a 53 _of menu options, including Dennys, Chilis, Friendlys and Chevys.As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced 54 _Wednesdayparticipating restaurants must promise to offer at least one childrens meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路里), no soft drinks and at least two 55 _from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 56_, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35%of its calories from sugar.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) adapt I) preferB) available J) recommendingC) begin K) speciesD) concern L) specifyE) criteria M) stopF) items N) takingG) nationwide O) varietyH) possible2012年6月Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage,One in six. Believe it or not, thats the number of Americans who struggle with hanger To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in 30 Days program, Its asking 48 _across the country to help the more than 200 food banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with the fuel they need to 49 _.Its the kind of work thats done every day at St. Andrews Episcopal Church in San Antonio, People who 50_ at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month arent looking for God-theyre there for something to eat, St. Andrews runs a food pantry(食品堂)that 51 _the city and several of the 52 _towns. Janet Drane is its manager.In the wake of the 53_ .the number of families in need of food assistance began to grow. It is 54 _that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal Whats most surprising is that 36% of them live in 55 _where at least one adult is working.“It used to be that one job was all you needed.” says St. Andrews Drane.“The people we see now have three or four part-ti