初中英语复合句专题.ppt

初中英语复合句专题,TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:,初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。,.TheObjectClause(宾语从句)宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充当宾语的句子。,宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序.,1.that+陈述句的宾语从句例如:Hesaysthat_.(他想要和你通话)Imsorry(that)_他现在不在这里that本身无意义,不充当任何成分,常被省略,hewantstospeaktoyou.,heisnthererightnow.,Note:1.宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。,如：我认为鸡不会游泳。Ithinkchickenscannotswim.()Idontthinkchickenscanswim.(),此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：Ithinkheiswrong,_?Hethinksheisright,_?,isnthe,doesnthe,2.if/whether+一般疑问句的宾语从句,if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：Sheaskedmeif/whether_.我是否能帮助她Idontknowif/whether_是否将要下雨,Icouldhelpher,itisgoingtorain.,Note:只用whether的四种情况：,2.直接与ornot连用时Idontknowwhethertheywillcomeornot.,1.在介词后Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.,3.Whether+动词不定式Checkthepricesbeforeyoudecidewhethertobuyone,4.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.,3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,wherehow,why+特殊疑问句的宾语从句,例如:Doyouknow_?谁下午将要来Didyouhear_?她说过什么吗Wedidntknow_她将什么时候回来,Whowillcomethisafternoon,whathesaid,whenshewouldcomeback.,连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份,不能省略,(主语),(宾语),(状语),关于宾语从句的时态对应,*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制,Hesaysthathe_toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Hesaidthathe_toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Theteachertoldusthattheearth_roundthesun.(go),wants,wanted,goes,主句从句1、一般现在时A.过去的某一种时态2、一般过去时B.根据句意选择时态,宾语从句小结1、_引导陈述句。2、_引导特殊疑问句。3、_引导一般疑问句。4、宾语从句要用_语序。5、主句、从句时态要对应。,that,特殊疑问词,if/whether,陈述句,.TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。,Whenyougetoffthebus,youmustntpushothers.(时间状语从句)主句Mymotherwillcomeifitdoesntraintomorrow.主句(条件状语从句),1.由when,while,before,after,until,assoonasnot.until引导的时间状语从句),1)_,youmustntpushothers.当你下车时,2)Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfast_在他们上学之前,Whenyougetoffthebus,beforetheywenttoschool,Theytalkedabouttheparty_在人们离开后,afterthepeopleleft.,4)Iwillwait_.直到他来为止,untilhecomes,Note:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1)主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Pleasedontgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：e.g.IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.,2.(地点状语从句),1)Introducedbywheree.g.Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.2)Introducedbywherevere.g.Illgowhereveryougo.,3.(原因状语从句),1)Introducedbybecausebecause语气最强，它着重说明原因。用why提问的问句必须用because回答，不能用as,since；e.g.-Whydidnthecome?-Becausehewasill.,2)Introducedbysincesince语气比较弱，表示关系上的自然结果，尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素，常译成“既然”，“鉴于”，通常从句放在主句前；e.g.Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnachance.,3)Introducedbyasas语气最弱，只表示一般的因果关系，从句放在主句前或后均可；e.g.Ashedidntknowthemeaningoftheword,helookeditupinhisdictionary.,Note:for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.,4.(条件状语从句),1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=ifnot)引导，从句中常用一般时代替将来时，即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是，主句则通常用将来时，情态动词或祈使句。e.g.Ifhedoesntcomeontime,wewontknowwhattoknow.Hemustcomeifheistold.Pleaseletmeknowifhecomesback.Illgothereunlessitrains.,5.(结果状语从句),1)IntroducedbysothatTherearebigtreesaroundthehousesothatitcanhardlybeseenbypassers-by.2)Introducedbysothat/suchthatHewalkedsofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.Hemadesuchagoodreportthateverybodywaspleased.,6.比较状语从句,1)Introducedbyasas/notsoas;thanThisquestionisnotsodifficultasIthought.Thefilmismuchbetterthanweexpected.2)IntroducedbyThemore,themoreThemoreheheardthesong,thelesshelikedit.,.TheAttributiveClause(定语从句),在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。ThisisTom.Tomgaveusatalkyesterday.-ThisisTomwho(that)gaveusatalkyesterday.先行词定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which引导定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why,一、who,whom,whose引导的定语从句,1.who在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedheryesterday.,2.whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g.Theman(whom)yousawlastweekhasleftthetown.,3.whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g.Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.,二、that,which引导的定语从句,它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。1.that,which在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g.Heroisthefilmthat/whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou.2.that,which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g.Isthisthefilm(that/which)youtalkedaboutlastweek?注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。e.g.Thehouseinwhichheoncelivedisameeting-room.=Thehouse(which)heoncelivedinisameeting-room.,知识拓展：,引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用which：,1.先行词是复合不定代词everything,anything,nothing等时。e.g.Shedidntforgetanything(that)hermotherhadtoldhertobuy.,2.先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时。e.g.Thisisthefirsttextbook(that)Istudiedintheprimaryschool./Heisinthelastrowthatisnexttothewindow.,3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.Thatisthehighestbuilding(that)Ihaveeverseen.,4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时。e.g.Thisistheverynovel(that)youwanttoborrow.,5.先行词是或被all,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，e.g.Ivewrittendownall(that)theteacherdoesntallowustodo.Theyhaventgotanydictionaries(that)weneed.,6.先行词既包含人又包含物时。e.g.Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons(that)wehadneverheard.,7.主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Whoistheman(that)youspoketojustnow?Whichisthebookthatwasstolenbyhim?,三、关系副词where,when,why引导的定语从句（在从句中作状语）,1.where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。e.g.Thisisthevillagewherehewasborn.c.f.Thisisthevillage(that/which)hevisitedlastyear.