高级英语Mark Twain--Mirror of Americappt课件

LessonSixMarkTwainMirrorofAmerica,.,TeachingObjectives,1.Toacquaintstudentswiththewritingofbiography.2.TogettoknowMarkTwainslifeexperienceandhisremarkableworks.3.Tolearnandmasterthenewwordsandexpressionsusedinthetext.4.Toidentifyandappreciaterhetoricdevicesemployedinthetext.5.Toanalyzethetextstructureandappreciateitswritingtechnequesandlanguagefeatures.,.,IntroductintoMarkTwain,Introductintotext,Organizationalpatternoftext,Detailedstudyofthetext,SummarizingtheLanguagefeatures,.,MarkTwainMirrorofAmerica,1.WhowasMarkTwain?Wheredidhispennamecomefrom?2.Whathadhebeenbeforehebecameanauthor?,.,MarkTwain(1835-1910),.,TheNameofMarkTwain,TwainsrealnamewasSamuelClemens.MarkTwainmeanswatermarktwo,whichwasacallusedbysailorsontheMississippitowarnshipmatesthattheywerecomingintoshallowwater.,.,EarlylifeexperienceMarkTwain,BorninalittletowninMississippiAt11,helosthisfatherAt13,hestoppedschoolingTrampprinterSteamboatpilotontheMississippiConfederateguerrillaProspectorReporteronthefarwesternfrontierTravelerabroad,.,InHisMiddleAges,By1900TwainhadbecomeAmericasforemostcelebrity.Hewasinvitedtoattendshiplaunchings,anniversarygatherings,politicalconventions,andcountlessdinners.Reportersmethim,anxioustoprintanewquip(俏皮话)fromthefamoushumorist.Toenhancehisimage,hetooktowearingwhitesuitsandlovedtostrolldownthestreetandseepeoplestaringathim.,.,HisLaterLife,Therearemanytragiceventsinhislaterlife:thefailureofhisinvestments,hisfatiguingtravelsandlecturesinordertopayoffhisdebts,thedeathofhiswifeandtwodaughters.Somecriticslinkthesetragiceventswiththechangeofstyleinhislaterworks,fromanoptimistandhumoristtoapessimistandalmostdespairingdeterminist(决定论者).,.,HisDeath,MarkTwaindiedofillnessonApril21,1910.Whenhepassedaway,newspapersaroundthecountrydeclared,“Thewholeworldismourning.”Bythen,SamClemenshadlongsinceceasedtobeaprivatecitizen.HehadbecomeMarkTwain,aproudpossessionoftheAmericannation.,.,MirrorofAmerica“Mirror”-Isapieceofglassorothershinny/polishedsurfacethatreflectsimages.Here,itisametaphor.Itmeansafaithfulrepresentationordescriptionofsomething(thecountry).WhydoestheauthorsaythatMarkTwainisthemirrorofAmerica?,AdvancedEnglish,.,MarkTwain:SamuelLanghorneClemens(1835-1910)HisLifeexperience_HistoricEventsofUSATrampprinter-ProsperousageRiverpilot-MississippiRiverTranscontinentalRailroadsGuerrilla-TheCivilWarProspector-GoldRushReporter-WestwardExpansionCorrespondent-Europe,theHolyLandWriter-TomSawyersinnocenceHuckFinnsexperience,AdvancedEnglish,.,ThehistoricalbackgroundofMarkTwainstimeTwainlivedinthestirring(动荡)yearsinAmericanhistory-theAmerican-MexicanWar,TheCivilWar,theGoldRush,theWesternExpansion,theAmericanSpanishWar,therapiddevelopmentofcapitalismandlatertheemergenceofimperialismalongwiththefirsteconomicdepressions,etc.,.,MarkTwain-themirrorofAmericaismadeintwosenses.MarkTwainsexciting,adventurouslifestoriesmirrorapartoftrueAmericanhistory,andthelifeofordinaryAmericanpeople.Second,hislifeexperiencefurnishedhimwithawideknowledgeofhumanity,aswellaswiththeperfectgraspoflocalcustomsandspeech,whichMarkTwainhasmanifestedsowellinhiswriting.Hisworksmirrortherealsocietyofhistime.,.,Asaman,hegrewupwithAmericaasacountry(ayoungcountry)Asawriter,hegrewupwithAmerica,movedalongwithAmerica,frominnocencetoexperience.,.,Textwritingstyle,Fromthetitleoftext,weknowthistextisrelatedtothelifeofMarkTwain.Whatwritingstyledoesthewritingonthelifeofsomeonebelongto?Especially,thewritingonlyfoucusesonacertainfeatureofapersonslife,forexample,lifeofMarkTwainasmirrorofAmerica.Biography?,.,Introductintoabiography,Pre-readingquestions1.Whatisabiography?2.Ifyouwereaskedtowriteabiographyofsb.,howareyougoingtoarrangeallthematerialavailable.Whatisthegeneralwayofwritingabiography?3.Whatkindoflanguagedoyouexpecttoencounterandwhy?,.,Introductintoabiography,Abiographyis,bydefinition,anaccountofsomeoneslifethathasbeenwrittenbysomeoneelse,orawrittenhistoryofsomeoneslife.Generally,abiographyisaboutsb.whoenjoyscertainreputation,whohasacquiredcertainfamebyhis/hersuccessincertainarea.Theprotagonistcanbeapositiveornegativecharacter.,Abriefintroductiontothewholetext,P1.Ashortsummaryofhislife;AnoverallestimationP2.HisearlylifeontheMississippiP3.LifeinthewestP4.HowhebecameawriterP5.HowhelookedattheOldWorldP6.HowhecametowritehismasterpieceP7.Hislastperiod,.,Para.1Pre-readingquestions1.Whatisthemainideaandfunctionofparagraphone?2.WhywasTwainsaidtobeadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous?3.whatdidtheauthormeanbyIfoundanotherTwain.?,DetailedStudyofthetext,P1.(Para.1)Ashortsummaryofhislife;Anoverallestimation,ontheonehand,adventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous,optimistic.ontheotherhand,grewcynical,bitter,saddenedbytheprofoundpersonaltragedies,obsessedwiththefrailtiesofthehumanrace,pessimistic.,.,.,WordsandExpressions(para.1)1.rememberasthefatherfather:creatore.g.MostChinesepeoplerememberLuxunasthefatherofAhQu.figureofspeech:metaphor,.,DetailedStudyoftheText(para.1),2.HuckFinnsidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhood:Ifyoudescribesomethingasidyllic,youmeanthatitisextremelypleasant,simple,andpeacefulwithoutanydifficultiesordangers.anidyllicsettingforasummerromance.适于夏日恋曲的质朴宜人的环境Marriedlifewasnotasidyllicashehadimagined.婚姻生活并不像他想象的那么浪漫美好。,.,cruise:n.aseavoyageforpleasurev.sailortravelaboutasforpleasureHewasonaworldcruise.TheyspentthesummercruisingintheGreekislands.ThetaxicruisedoffdowntheChanganAvenue.cruisemissile巡航导弹cruiser:alargefastwarship巡洋舰,.,2.HuckFinnsidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhood:Paraphrase:HuckFinnssimpleandpleasantjourneythroughhisboyhoodwhichseemseternal.,.,3.TomSawyersendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure:endless:hyperbole；parallelismsummer:becausealltheadventuresofTomSawyerdescribedinthebookaresupposedtohavetakenplaceinoneparticularsummer.,.,MarkTwainsMasterpieces,.,Paraphraseforthefirstsentence:MarkTwainwasknownasthewriterofTheAdventuresofTomSawyerandTheAdventuresofHuckberryFinn.Inthefirstbook,hedescribedTomsfreeandadventurousactivitiesinalongsummerthatseemsendless.Inthelatter,hedepictedHuckFinnssimpleandpleasantvoyagethroughFinnsboyhoodthatseemseternal.,.,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),Astorywrittenforboys,fullofthehorror,joysandAdventuresofchildhood.Generationsaftergenerationsofyoungpeoplehavehelditdeartotheirhearts.TomSawyerissuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolsasTheDeclarationofIndependence.,.,TomSawyer,.,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,generallyconsideredTwainsgreatestwork,waspublishedinGreatBritainin1884andintheUnitedStatesin1885.Twainhadbegunthebookin1876asasequeltoTomSawyer.Itdescribestheadventuresoftworunaways-theboyHuckFinnandtheblackslaveJim-andistoldfromthepointofviewofHuckhimself.,.,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,.,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,Twainusedrealisticlanguageinthenovel,makingHucksspeechsoundlikeactualconversationandimitatingavarietyofdialectstobringtheothercharacterstolife.TomSawyeralsoreappearsincertainchapters,andhismischievousbehaviorsprovidethefamiliarhumorforwhichTwainwasknown.,.,ContributionofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,OneofhisgreatestaccomplishmentswasthedevelopmentofawritingstylethatwasdistinctlyAmerican,ratherthananimitationofthestyleofEnglishwriters.TwainmadeamoreextensivecombinationofAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliteraturethanpreviouswritershaddone.,.,ContributionofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,(localcolorism,adominantfashionfrom1860s1900s)Thelooserhythmsofthelanguageinhisbooksgivetheimpressionofrealspeech.TwainsrealisticprosestylehasinfluencednumerousAmericanwriters.,.,ContributionofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,AllmodernAmericanliteraturecomesfromonebookbyMarkTwaincalledHuckleberryFinn.Therewasnothingbefore.Therehasbeennothingasgoodsince.-ErnestHemingway,.,3.(everybit)asasanyonehaseverimaginedeverybit:tothesamedegree,altogether,entirely(oftenfollowedbyas),forexample:Heiseverybitascleverasyouare.Imeverybitassorryaboutitasyou.Sheiseverybitasbeautifulasanyonehaseverimagined.Luxun,oneofbest-lovedauthorsinChina,waseverybitaspatriotic,acid-tonguedandhumorousasanyonehaseverimagined.,.,4.asadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousas:a)adventurous:MarkTwainwasadventurousineverysenseoftheword.Hewasalwaystryingnewthings,andalwaysgoingtonewplaces.Eveninhisliterarycareer,hewasneversatisfiedwithwhatheachieved.,.,4.asadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousas:b)patriotic:ItreferstoMarkTwainsprofoundloveforhiscountrywithitsrobustpeopleandbeautifulsceneryanditsloftyideals.ItmayalsorefertohisprideintheAmericantraditionandtheAmericanlanguage.patriotpatrioticpatriotism,.,4.asadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousas:c)romantic:(inart,literatureandmusic)markedbyfeelingratherthanbyintellect;preferringgreatness,passion,informalbeautytoorderandproportion.d)humorous:HisworksaresofullofhumorthatheisconsideredasAmericasgreatesthumorist.,.,5.cynicalcynic:n.apersonwhoseesnogoodnessinhumanbehaviorandhaslittlefaithinhumansincerityorgoodness.cyniccynicalcyniccynicisme.g.acynicalremark,attitude,smileTheyvegrownrathercynicalaboutdemocracy,thatis,nolongerbelievethatitisanhonestsystem.,.,6.bitter,bitter:markedbystrongresentmentorcynicisme.g.Sheissaidtobeverybitteraboutthewayshewassacked.据说，她对自己被以如此方式解雇而感到愤愤不平。,.,7.profoundadj.,(here)profoundisusedtoemphasizethatsth.isverygreatandintensee.g.Hislove/foundanger/shock/disagreement.aprofoundidea,work,person-showsgreatintellectualdepthandunderstanding.Thisbookisfullofprofoundinsights深邃的见解.,.,7.dealv.,deal:givee.g.dealsb.ablowtocausesb.greatdifficultiesHedealtmeahardblowonthechin.Thenewsdealtmeasevereblow.,8.be/becomeobsessedwith(by),obssess:preoccupygreatlyorhaunted/troubledinmindtoanabnormaldegree:使着迷;困扰Theideathathemightlosethepositionobsessedhim.Alotofyounggirlsareobsessedbytheirweight.,.,9.frailty,frailty:aweaknessofcharacterorbehavior.e.g.Oneofthefrailtiesofhumannatureislaziness.Frailty,thynameiswoman!(Hamlet),.,themetaphorinthelastsentence,“Ablackwallofnight”,thecolor“black”or“dark”and“night”-impliessomethinghopeless.oppositeto“day”and“daybreakand“light”-“hope”or“hopefulness”.“ablackwallofnight”-“despairandhopelessness”.Paraphrase:Hedidnotseeabrightfuturebutadarkoneandahopelessone.,.,Para2Pre-readingquestions,Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?WhatdidMarkTwaindobeforehebecameawriter?whatwashislifeattitudeatthattime?Whylaterhebecamemorecynicalandsarcastic?Howdidheadopthispenname?whatisthemeaningofhispenname?,.,Para2GivesabriefaccountofTwainsexperiencebeforehebecameawriter.,Heusedtomovehereandthere,andhefirstworkedasaprinter,thenariverpilot,aConfederateguerrilla,agoldminer.Whenhewasyoung,heembodiedhopeandbeautifuldreams,sohewasquiteoptimistic.Butlaterhebecamemorecynicalandsarcastic.,.,1.tramp:afoottravellertrampprinter:apersonwhogoesarounddoingoddjobsofprinting.2.pilot:apersonqualifiedtoguideshipsthroughdifficultwatersgoingintooroutofaharbour3.guerrilla:amemberofanirregulararmedforce,Para2Wordsandexpressions,.,4.prospector:onewhoexploresandsearchesforvaluableoressuchasgold,silver,oil,etc.,Para2Wordsandexpressions,.,5.starry-eyed:starryadj.aboundingwithorresemblingstars.eg.abeautifulstarrynight繁星满天的美丽夜晚starry-eyed:fullofunreasonableorsillyhopes,impractical,tooromantictoberealistic,blindlyoptimistice.g.Wewereallstarry-eyedaboutvisitingLondon.,Para.2Wordsandexpressions,.,6.acid-tongued:acid:harshintonee.g.Iwasexpectinganotherofhisacidremarks,butheremainedsilent.acid-tongued:sharp,sarcasticinspeechmoreexamplesofthesameformation:empty-minded;kind-hearted,Para2Wordsandexpressions,.,7.digest:thinkabout,understand,andrememberThereportcontainstoomuchtodigestatonereading.Hereadsrapidlybutdoesnotdigestverymuch.,Para2Wordsandexpressions,.,8.thenewAmericanexperience:TwainlivedinthestirringyearsinAmericanhistory-theAmerican-MexicanWar,TheCivilWar,theGoldRush,thewesternexpansion,theAmericanSpanishWar,therapiddevelopmentofcapitalismandlatertheemergenceofimperialismalongwiththefirsteconomicdepressions,etc.,Para2Wordsandexpressions,.,9.attest(to):tobeortogiveproofofHisabilitywasattestedbyhisrapidpromotion.Thechildsgoodhealthattestshismotherscare.Hissuccessattestshisability.,Para2Wordsandexpressions,Para.3-5,pre-readingquestions:1.CanPara.3-5beregardedasaparagraphunit?HowdoestheauthororganizePara.3-5bytheMississippiRiver?2.WhatwasthemainchanneloftransportationinTwainsearlyyears?（para.3)3.Howdidhisexperienceasasteamboatpilotinfluencehislaterwriting?（para.4-5),Para.3-5:HisearlylifeontheMississippi,.,MarkTwainandtheMississippi,MarkTwainlovedthegreatriversomuchthathealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippi.ManyofhisgreatworksaresetinthebackgroundoftheMississippiRiver,suchasTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,andLifeontheMississippi.,.,.,Para3,QuestionsforPara.3:1.WhatwasthemainchanneloftransportationinTwainschildhood?2.DoestheRiverflownorthwardorsouthward?Howdoyouknow?3.Whatdoes“majorcommerce”referto?4.Whatdoyouknowaboutthewestwardexpansion?,.,Para3,A1:(theMississippiRiver)itplayedaveryimportantroleinlinkingthenorthandsouthintradeandtransportation.TheNativeAmericansofdifferenttribeswhooriginallylivedneartheMississippianduseditforcanoetransportation,.,Para3,A2:“Downstream”-flowssouthward.ItflowsintotheMexicoGulf.,.,Para3,.,Para3,A3:majorcommerce:lumber,corn,tobacco,wheat,furs;sugar,molasses,cotton,whiskeycommerce:asanabstractnoun,commerceusu.meansthebuyingandsellingofgoods,trade;hereitisusedconcretely,referstovariouscommodities,merchandise.,.,Para3languagePoints,core:thecentralparte.g.anapplecoreManagerscanconcentrateontheircoreactivities.Theplanhastheinterestsofchildrenatitscore.,.,Para3languagePoints,arteryandheart:metaphor“artery”-“channelormeans”.“heart”-“thecentralpartorcenter”.,.,Para3languagePoints,lumber:timbersawedintobeams,planks,boards,etc.ofconvenientsizes.Cf.timber:Americanusage,woodsuitableforbuildinghouses,ships,etc.,whethercutorstillintheformoftrees.ButinBritishusage,timberandlumbermeanthesamething.,.,Para3languagePoints,furs:animalskinswithfuronitthedeltacountry:“delta”isthe4thletterofGreekalphabet,whoseshapedlikeatriangle.Thereforeanythingintheshapeofadelta,esp.adepositofsandandsoilformedatthemouthofsomeriversiscalledadelta.,.,Para3languagePoints,molasses:athickdarktolightbrownsyrupthatisseparatedfromrawsugar,generallyusedasasingularnoun.,.,Para3languagePoints,drainedthree-quartersofthesettledU.S.:Drain:receivethewatersofthisareaandcarrythemtotheoceanHerethemeaningisthattheriverdrainedavastbasin,andthebasinmadeupofthepopulatedareaoftheU.S.ofthattime.,.,Para3languagePoints,basin:theYellowRiverBasinThebasinmadeup3/4ofthepopulatedareaoftheUSofthattime.,.,independent,13statesalongtheAtlanticOcean.By1850,U.S.hadexpandedtothePacificcoast.TheeventsincludetheLouisianaPurchase(1803),TexasAnnexation(1845),thepushintoOregon(1846),MexicanCession(1848),andtheGadsdenPurchase,WestwardExpansion,.,In1848goldwasfoundinCalifornia.Thenewsspreadfarandwide.-arosetheGoldrush,-reacheditspeaksinthe1860s.DuringtheCivilWar,PresidentLincolnpassedHomesteadAct（美）移居法thatalsoenabledmanycourageousandhardworkingpeopletodevelopthewest.drivingandkillingthenativeIndians.,WestwardExpansion,.,Para4Questions,Canyouexplainthemeaningof“thecastofcharacters”and“acosmos”andpointoutthefiguresofspeechusedhere?Whatdoesitmeanby“participatedabundantlyinthislife”?Whatarethestoriesheheardonthesteamboat?,.,Para4languagePoints,“Thecastofcharacters”-alltheactorsinaplayormoviehere“peopleofallsorts”.figuresofspeech:alliteration,metaphorparaphrase:Whenhewasworkingonthesteamboat,hemetpeopleofallkinds.,.,Para4languagePoints,“acosmos”-“universe”,Usedfigurativelyhere,referstoaplacewhereonecanseealltypesofpeopleparaphrase:Thesteamboatisaworldwherehecanperceiveandobservedifferenttypesofpeople.,.,Para4languagePoints,participatedabundantlyinthislife:Hespentmostofhistimeobservingpeopleandenjoyingthesteamboatlife.,.,Para4languagePoints,ThestoriesTwainheardonthesteamboat:Feuds-howfamiliesorpersonsquarrelwitheachotherforalongperiod.feud:bitter,long-continueddeadlyquarrelthefeudbetweenRomeosfamilyandJulietspiracies-howpiratesrobberpeopleontheseapiracy:robberyonthehighseas;takingashipawayfromthecontrolofthosewhoarelegallyentitledtoit.,.,Para4languagePoints,ThestoriesTwainheardonthesteamboat:lynchings-howtheguiltywaskilledorhangedwithoutpublictrialmedicineshows-howthequack(江湖医生)ormountebank(江湖骗子)triedtoselltheirpills.(curealls(通常无效的)万灵药),.,Para4languagePoints,ThestoriesTwainheardonthesteamboat:savagewatersideslums-howsomepeoplebuilttheirshabbyhouseontheriverbankwithoutpermission.,.,Canyoufindthefigureofspeechusedinthelastsentence?“resurface”-“cometosurfaceagain”.Metaphoricalmeaning.“reappearorberetold”.,Para4languagePoints,.,Canyoufindthefigureofspeechusedinthelastsentence?soakup:todrawinbyorasifbysuctionorabsorptionThesoilsoakedupahugevolumeofwaterveryrapidly.,Para4languagePoints,.,“Phonographic”:ofgramophone,phonograph(留声机)Hismemoryisasaccurateasaphonographorgramophone.,Para4languagePoints,.,“Phonographic”:ofgramophone,phonograph(留声机)heabsorbedanddigestedthecolourfullanguagewithanastonishinggoodmemorywhichseemedtobeabletorecordthingslikeaphonograph/gramophone.,Para4languagePoints,.,“Phonographic”:ofgramophone,phonograph(留声机)Allthestorieswouldreappearinhisbooks,togetherwiththerichandcolorfullanguagethatheabsorbedortookinwithamemorythatwasasaccurateasaphonograph.,Para4languagePoints,.,WhateffectdoesTwainsexperienceonthesteamboathaveonhiswriting?Whatkindofrhetoricaldeviceisusedinthisparagraph?,Para.5Questions,.,WhateffectdoesTwainsexperienceonthesteamboathaveonhiswriting?-agoodchancetogettoknowdifferentpeopleandlistentodifferentstoriesThoseacquaintanceshipsstrengthenedallhiswritingandattributedtohisvividdescriptionofthepeoplealongtheMississippiRiver.,Para.5Questions,.,1.Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywithteemwith:befullof,haveingreatnumbers,etc.1)Hisheadteemswithcleverideas.2)Fishteemsinthisriver.3)Beforebeingpollutedthatriverteemedwithfishandshrimps.,Para.5languagePoints,.,1.Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywith“themaincurrent”-themainstreamthemajorityofthepassengersboardthesteamboat.“pion