高级英语Inaugural Addressppt课件

.,InauguralAddress,JohnF.Kennedy,Unit4,.,TeachingObjectives,ToknowthefeaturesofapoliticalspeechToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesofKennedysaddressToacquaintthestudentswithsomefamousEnglishspeechesTotakethisspeechasagoodexampletolearnsometechniquesinwritingaspeech,.,TeachingFocus,ThedifferencebetweenaspeechandanargumentPoliticalbackgroundBiblicalandancientRomanstylewritingsandallusionsAround-aboutwayinvaguetermstoconveypoliticalviewswhicharenotopenlystated,.,TeachingMethods,Teacher-orientedteachingmethodStudent-orientedteachingmethodTheelicitedmethod,.,TeachingProcedure,.IntroductoryRemarks.BackgroundInformation.LearningFocus.KeywordsandExpressions.ExplanationoftheText,.,.DivisionoftheText.TheWritingStyle.RhetoricalDevices.Exercises,.,IntroductoryRemarks,.,.IntroductoryRemarks,J.F.Kennedyaddressesaworldwideaudienceinhisinauguralspeech.Hemakesageneralstatementofbasicpolicygoals.,.,TheUnitedStatesispreparedtopayanyprice,bearanyburden,andmeetanyhardshiptodefendhumanrights,libertyandindependenceoffreenations.Headdressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould-beallies,aswellastheUnitedNations.,.,Heturnstohisenemy,warningthattheU.S.ispreparedtoopposeanyfoeatallcosts,sotheydbetternegotiateandcooperatewithU.S.Heappealstohiscountrymenandcitizensoftheworldforsupportandsacrificeinordertodefendhumanrightsandfreedom.,.,PresidentKennedysfinestmasterpieceandoneofthebestspeeches.Itisapersuasivespeechwiththeclearpurpose:toexplain,convinceandpersuadethepeoplethatwhatheissayingandwhatheisplanningtodobestrepresenttheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim.,.,DetailedStudyoftheText,.,.BackgroundInformation,1.BriefIntroductiontoJohnKennedyOnNovember22,1963,whenhewashardlypasthisfirstthousanddaysinoffice,JohnFitzgeraldKennedywaskilledbyanassassinsbulletsashismotorcadewoundthroughDallas,Texas.KennedywastheyoungestmanelectedPresident;hewastheyoungesttodie.,.,2InaugurationthepeacefultransferofpowerfromoneindividualtoanothergoingbacktoPresidentGeorgeWashingtontheinductionofthenewpresidentwasscheduledonMarch4,everyfourthyearsince1793,.,ithastakenplaceonJanuary20since1937theinauguralballin1809fourorfiveballroomsinWashington,.,3.SolemnOath“IdosolemnlyswearthatIwillfaithfullyexecutetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andwill,tothebestofmyability,preserve,protectanddefendtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.”,.,.LearningFocus,TounderstandthepoliticalbackgroundToappreciatethebiblicalandancientRomanstylewritingsandallusionsTounderstandaround-aboutwayinvaguetermstoconveypoliticalviewswhicharenotopenlystated,.,.,.KeywordsandExpressions,1.inaugural:a.ofaninaugurationinauguration(n.),inaugurate(v.)theprofessorsinaugurallecture2.symbolize:v.tobeasymbolof;standfor-InEurope,thecolorwhitesymbolizespurity.,.,3.signify:v.tobeasignorindicationof;mean-Recentchangesinclimatemaysignifythatglobalwarmingisstartingtohaveaneffect.4.almighty:a.havingunlimitedpower;all-powerful-AlmightyGod/Father,.,5.prescribe:v.tosetdownasaruleordirection;order-whatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforcorruption?6.abolish:v.todoawaywithcompletely;putanendto;-Thelegislaturepassedalawtoabolishthesurtax.,.,7.temper:v.tostrengthenthroughexperienceorhardship;toughen-Thosesoldiershadbeentemperedbycombat.8.discipline:v.tosubjecttodiscipline;train;control-Studentsmustlearntodisciplinethemselves.,.,9.oppose:v.toresist;withstand;-Manymembersofthecouncilopposedthebuildingoftheluxuryhousesinthecenterofthecity.10.assure:v.tomake(difficultthing)certain;guarantee-Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews.,.,11.venture:n.abusinessprojectoractivity,especiallyonethatinvolvestakingrisks-ajointventure12.iron:a.cruel,merciless-irondiscipline,.,13.renew:v.togooveragain;sayagain;repeat-Irenewedmyspiritsinthecountry.14.forum:n.assemblyforthediscussionofpublicmattersorcurrentquestions-Theletterpageofthisnewspaperisaforumforpublicargument.,.,15.shield:n.anypersonorthingthatguards,protectordefends16.unleash:v.toreleaseorletgofromorasfromaleashleash:n.(leadesp.AmE)-Alldogsmustbekeptonaleashinpublicplaces.leash:v.tocontrolananimal,esp.adog,withleadorleash,.,17.stay:v.restrain-Thegovernmenttriestostaytheprogressofthedisease.18.invoke:v.toasksolemnlyfor;begfor;implore-Iinvokedtheirforgiveness.,.,19.eradicate:v.togetridof;wipeout;destroy-Theirgoalwastoeradicatethepovertyinthecountryside.20.testimony:n.formofevidence,indication;proof-Theseresultsareatestimonytoyourhardwork.,.,21.shrink:v.toavoidorwishtoavoidtakingaction;bereluctant;withdraw-Ashymanshrinksfrommeetingstrangers.22.atissue:indispute;tobedecided;indisagreement-Whatisatissueistheextenttowhichexamresultsreflectastudentsability.,.,23.atodds:indisagreement;quarrelling;antagonistic-Hewasatoddswithhiscolleagues.24.castoff:todiscard;abandon-Thetownisstilltryingtocastoffitsdullimage.,.,.ExplanationoftheText,Para.1:Kennedyemphasizestheimportanceofhiselectionaspresident.ItisnotsimplyavictoryoftheDemocraticPartyovertheRepublicanParty.Itcelebratesthefreedomofpeopletoelectfreelytheirownheadofthestate.Itsymbolizestheendofonepresidentialtermandthebeginningofnewone.Thepresidencyiscontinued,butthepresidenthaschanged.,.,Para.2:Notonlytheadministrationhasbeenchanged,buttheworldhaschangedalot.Para.3:Kennedyexhortshiscountrymenandforcefullydeclareshisdeterminationto“payanyprice”todefendhumanrightandlibertyathomeandaroundtheworld.,.,Para.4:Liketheprecedingone,Kennedyaddressestofriendandfoeatthesametime.Itpromisetosupportanyfriendandopposeanyfoe.Para.5:transitionfromthegeneralcountriestospecificones.,.,Para.6:Itreferstothoseoldallieswiththesameculturalandspiritualorigins,esp.Englishspeakingcountries,suchasCanada,Britain,Australia,NewZealandetc.,.,Paras.72)throughhisowncredibility;3)throughappealstothepeoplesbasicsocial,biological,andpsychologicalneeds,wants,anddesires,.,2.Thedeliberateuseofapseudo-RomanstyleandBiblicallanguagea.“andyetthesamerevolutionaryfromthehandofGod.”(para.2)b.“Lettheworldgoforthfromthistimeandplace(para.3),.,c.“tostrengthenitsshieldofthenew,whichitswritmayrun.”(para.10)d.“Andso,myfellowAmericansyourcountry.”(para.25),.,.DivisionoftheText,Part1Paras.1-5:ageneralstatementofbasicpolicygoals.Part2Paras.6-9:Kennedyaddressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsorwould-beallies.,.,Part3Paras.11-19:Kennedyspeakstohisenemy.Part4Paras.21-27:Kennedyappealstohiscountrymenforsupportandsacrifice.,.,SummaryoftheText,.,.TheWritingStyle,WellorganizedandhighlyrhetoricalVariousfiguresofspeechTheappropriateuseofwords,parallelandbalancedstructures,.,Repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases,andantithesisDeliberateuseofapseudo-RomanstyleorBiblicallanguageinsomeplaces,.,SummaryoftheText,-oneofthebestinauguraladdresses-itsobject:toexplain,convinceandpersuadepeoplethatwhatheissayingandplanningtodobestrepresentstheirinterestssotheyshouldsupporthim,.,-addressingaworldwideaudienceandappealingnotonlytotheAmericanpeoplebutalsotothedifferentgroupsofnationsintheinternationalcommunity,.,-consistingofthreeparts:introduction,bodyandconclusion-extremelywellorganized,highlyrhetoricalandfulloflogicalreasoningandemotionalappeal,.,-variousfiguresofspeech-theappropriateuseofwords,-somestructuralrhetoricaldevices:parallelandbalancedstructures,repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases-antithesis-forthesakeofforce,vividnessandemotionalappeal,.,FeaturesoftheSpeech,-Mostlypersuasionwithverylittleexplanation-Torelychieflyonasuccessfulappealtoemotions-Notimetocitefactsandreasonswhichcouldconvince-Firsttounderstandthepsychologyoftheaudiencetowhomheisdirectinghiswords,.,-Toemploysuitablerhetoricaldevicesandwordstocreatethedesiredemotionalimpact-Successfulwhentheaudienceisexcitedanddoesnothavemuchtimetothinkorwhentheaudienceisreadysusceptibletothemessageofthespeaker-Politicaldemagogyreliesonemotionalappealforitssuccess,.,.RhetoricalDevices,alliteration:friendandfoe(para.3)payanyprice,bearanyburden,.,metaphor:torch-inspirationandidealsridingthebackoftiger-seekingtheaidofthesocialistcountriesthemasterofitsownhouse-Americathatfirecantrulylighttheworld-theenergy,faith,devotionofAmericanpeople,.,parallel:verbphrase-payanyprice,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,andopposeanyfoe.(para.4)Paras.6,7,8,10,11beginwiththesametypeofphrases:TothoseoldalliesParas.15,16,17,18beginwiththesametypeofphrases:Letbothsides,.,repetition:“allforces”and“belief”(para2)“committed”(para.3)“good”and“free”(para9)“beyonddoubt”(para12),.,antithesis:Afigureofspeechwhichassumesabalancedstructureandemphasizesacontrastinmeaningbyplacingantonymsinparallelposition,generallytoproduceasoundrhythm,andexpressesgreatwisdomthroughbrevity.,.,antithesis:“United,thereislittle,Divided,thereislittle.”(para.6)“Ifafreesocietycannotwhoarerich”(para.8)“Letbothsidesexploredivideus.”(para.15)“asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyouforyourcountry”(para.25)“notasacalltobattle,.”(para.22),.,synecdoche:“thatstaythehandofmankindsfinalwar.”(para.13)rhetoricalquestion:“Canweforgeagainstforallmankind?”(para.23),.,Exercises,.,.Exercises,OralPresentationMakeafive-minutepresentationinclassbasedonyourresearch.Suggestedtopics:1.ThepositionofJohnF.KennedyinAmericanhistory2.TheColdWar,.,Discriminatebetweenthesesynonyms.1.mortal,fatal,deadly,lethal2.faithful,loyal,constant,staunch,resolute,.,1.mortal,fatal,deadly,lethalFatalifusedtodescribeanythingthatiscapableofcausingorthatactuallyhascauseddeath;itcarriesastrongsuggestionoftheinevitabilityoffateAnillnesswhichmightnotbeseriousforayoungperson,butwhichwillalmostcertainlyprovefataltoanoldperson.,.,Deadlyisinterchangeablewithfatalinthissense.LeukemiaisadeadlydiseaseDeadly,however,inawaythatfatalcannot,canrefertoapersonwhodesiresorseekstocausethedeathofanotherperson.Themurderedmanhadmanydeadlyenemies.,.,Mortal,likedeadly,canbeappliedbothtothingsorpeoplethatcause,arecapableofcausing,orseektocausesomeonesdeath.(Becauseofanancientfamilyfeud,thetwocousinshadbeenmortalenemiesfrombirth).,.,Initsreferencetothings,mortaldiffersfromfatalanddeadlyonlyinthefactthatitisusuallyfoundincontextswhichdetailadeaththathasalreadyoccurred.Hewasstruckdownbyamortalblowuponthehead.,.,Lethalreferstosomethingwhich,becauseofsomeintrinsicqualityinitsmake-up,iscertaintocausedeath,andmayindeedexistfortheexpresspurposesofcausingdeath.Cyanideisalethalpoison.,.,Withtheexceptionoflethal,allthesewordscanbeusedtodescribesomethingthatcausesgreatfearordiscomfort,orthatbringsaboutdisasterorruin,butthatdosenotleadtophysicaldeath.afatalmistake;adeadlyinsult;inmortalterror.,.,2.faithful,loyal,constant,staunch,resoluteFaithfulimpliescontinued,steadfastadherencetoapersonorthingtowhichoneisboundbyanoath,duty,obligation,etc.afaithfulwifeorhusband,.,loyalimpliesundeviatingallegiancetoaperson,cause,institution,etc.whichonefeelsmorallyboundtosupportordefendaloyalfriendconstantsuggestsfreedomfromficklenessinaffectionsorloyaltiesaconstantlover,.,staunch(orstanch)impliessuchstrongallegiancetoonesprinciplesorpurposeasnottoturnedasidebyanycauseastaunchdefenderofthetruth,.,resolutestressesunwaveringde