英语翻译chapter 3.ppt

ChapterIIITranslationSkill-Extension(引申)：,前一章中讨论了词义的选择。应该说，在翻译过程中，绝大部分单词都已具备了所需的词义，只要用上面的方法去选，把恰当的词义选出来就行了。但也有一部分单词，翻译时在英语字典中找不到恰当的词义或其词面意义不足以确切的表达原意，需要把词义引申一下才能确切表达。这种情况叫词义引申。需要引申的可能是单词、词组或整个句子。下面讨论一下引申的方法和引申的注意点。,IDefinition,Extensionmeansdevelopingtheoriginalmeaningeitherfromspecifictogeneralorfromconcretetoabstract,andviceversa,IIFromconcretetoabstract(fromspecifictogeneral)从具体到抽象,bottleneck=瓶颈-交通狭口-阻塞；braintrust=脑托拉斯-智囊团；braindrain=脑排干-人才外流-人才流失；,1将表示具体的形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性：例1：Thereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacteroftheimperialists.解析：这里的tiger(老虎）和ape(猿）这两个具体形象引申为这两个形象所代表的属性：“残暴”和“狡猾”。译文：帝国主义者的性格既残暴、又狡猾。,2将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词：例2：See-sawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.解析：See-sawing是see-saw(跷跷板)转化而来的动词，本作“玩跷跷板”解，这里却要根据上下文来加以引申。译文：在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。,1)Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.2)Electricpowerbecametheservantofmanonlyafterthemotorwasinvented.3)Theinventionofmachineryhadbroughtintotheworldanewage-theIndustrialAge.Moneyhadbecomeking.4)Georgebushbarestheironteethbehindhissmile,5)Theuseofnanometertechnologyisstillinitsinfancynow.6)Wewouldliketobuildacolorblindsocietywhereallmencanhavefullopportunity.7)Theelectricalagehasbeenwithusformanyyears.,8)Weareatthedawnofspaceageand,itseems,yesterdaysfantasieswillbetomorrowsreality.9)Itisuniversallyacceptedthatonlythosewhomasterthemathematicalideasandreasoningbecomethefatherofscience.,IIIFromthegeneraltospecific(fromtheabstracttoconcrete)1将抽象概念或属性的词具体化：例3：Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.(99年真题）,解析：practice如译成常见的“实践、练习”等都不准确。译文：几乎每个史学家都有自己的界定，但现代史学家们的观点都趋向于认为史学家是试图重现并阐明过去发生的重大事件。,2有些词在特定的上下文中含义清楚，但汉语要作具体化的引申，否则就不够清楚：例4：ThecarinfrontofmestalledandImissedthegreen.解析：green在英文中一看便明白含义，但译成汉语就不能说是“绿色的”了，就要加以引申。译文：我前头的那辆停住了，我错过了绿灯。,1)Weshouldbynomeansneglecttheevaporationofwater.2)Wewereallgreatlymovedbyhisloftiness.3)Therehadbeentoomuchviolenceinthatregion.4)他每天都要处理许多棘手的问题,）这个男孩真粗心，他的书本都已经折角了,ChapterIIIExercise1TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese1)Ihopeallthesepossibilitieswillenableustoroundthecorner.2)Thewedding,whichHaywardstillrememberwithpride,wasattendedbyWhosWhoofBostonSociety.,3)Acreativepersonwillalmostneverfollowasetpatternindevelopinganidea.Todosowouldtendtostructurehisthinkingandlimitthecreationofpossiblesolutions.4)Manforfieldandwomenforthehealth;Manfortheswordandfortheneedleshe,Manwiththeheadandwomenwiththeheart;Mantocommandandwomentoobey,2TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.BasketballLegendMichaelJordanRetiresChicagosmostfamousfigurebeforethe1980swasthegangster，AlScar-faceCaponeButinthelasttwodecadesChicagoBullsbasketballstarMichaelJordanhasknockedthelegendarycrimebossfromhispedestal.,Almostsingle-handedly,JordanturnedChicagosimageonitshead,asthecityontheshoreofLakeMichiganmovedfromcrimecapitaltobasketballcapitalofAmerica.Jordaniswidelyregardedasthesportsgreatestplayer,andhisretirementannouncementinearly1999cameasablowtothesportandtohismillionsoffansinAmericanandaroundtheworld.,Hisathleticismandfiercecompetitivenessfrightenedhisopponents,buthisgraciousnessmadehimanAmericanandinternationalicon.HeismostfamousasthefaceofNike,theathleticsshoeandclothingcompanywhoseproductshehasendorsedforthepastdecade.,Jordanquicklybecameamulti-millionaire,thankstolucrativeproductendorsementdealssuchashisNikepromotion.Ashisfortunegrewheputmoneybackintothecommunity,creatingafoundationtofundathleticsfacilitiesandotherprojectsforchildrenformtheinnercityofChicago,hisadoptedhome.,JordanisreportedtobethecelebritywithwhommostAmericanchildrenfeelmostcomfortable,andAmericanadultsonceplacedhimfifthonalistofall-timemostrespectednewsmakers.,Overhiscareer,Jordancaptured10consecutivescoringtitles.Hisjumpingabilityatgoalwasmatchedbyexcelle