长难句结构分析示例+by+CHEN+Huping.ppt

长难句结构分析,主语宾语np1主谓语动词n+1先主干后修饰np1Vnp1S=np1ofnp2onnp3thatv1o1VO=np1ofnp2thatv1o1,whichv2o2.先主句后从句AlthoughSVO,SVO.,长名词短语（LNP）,NP1ofNP2onNP3inNP4NP1ofNP2ofwhySVONP1ofNP2,doneby,toNP3NP1sNP2toNP3aboutNP4HisNP1ofNP2overNP3抓住第一实义名词,LNP:p54.29,Betweentheearly1870sandthe1890s,themountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.,LNP:p89.5,AcritiqueoftheHandlinsinterpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationsforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmericashouldbeexpanded.,LNP:p128.4,Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.,LNP:p128.11,TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).,一个逻辑层次:SVO,一层修饰:S(that)VO(that)SVO,NP/adj./asNP,adv.sameasSv-ed,v-ingtov.suchasthat/which/whobyv-ing,NPthat,#S=thatSVO;O=thatSVO.,S(that)VO(that):p72.19,Theeasewithwhichafishcanreversetheeffectofthesidednessofitseyeasymmetrysimplybyturningaroundhascausedbiologiststostudyinternalanatomy,especiallytheopticnerves,fortheanswer.,S(that)VO(that):p54.16,TheemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearanceoftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.,S(that)VO(that):p89.28,FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmericasuchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequalityexplainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmerica.,S(that)VO(that):p74.8,Mypointisthatitscentralconsciousnessitsprofoundunderstandingofclassandgenderasshapinginfluencesonpeopleslivesowesmuchtothatearlierliteraryheritage,aheritagethat,ingeneral,hasnotbeensufficientlyvaluedbymostcontemporaryliterarycritics.,S(that)VO(that):p36.23,StudiesbyHargraveandGeenestimatednaturalcommunitygrazingratesbymeasuringfeedingratesofindividualzooplanktonspeciesinthelaboratoryandthencomputingcommunitygrazingratesforfieldconditionsusingtheknownpopulationdensityofgrazers.,多层修饰：递归原则,S(that(that)VO(that(that(that).13Researchhasdemonstratedthatadvectiveflow,whichoriginatesnearthesurfaceoftheoceanwheresuspendedparticulatematteraccumulates,transportssomeofthatmatterandwatertothevents.(p105.34),S(that)VO(that(that):p36.11,Perhapsthefactthatmanyofthesefirststudiesconsideredonlyalgaeofasizethatcouldbecollectedinanet(netphytoplankton),apracticethatoverlookedthesmallerphytoplankton(nannoplankton)thatwenowknowgrazersaremostlikelytofeedon,ledtoade-emphasisoftheroleofgrazersinsubsequentresearch.,S(that)VO(that(that):p80.1,Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelite:thekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.,S(that)VO(that(that):p94.17,Allthiswasunifiedbybeingsubjectedtothesamekindofreligiousscrutiny,theimpactofwhichvariedgreatly,beingalmostnonexistentinsomefields,andinothersoriginatingnovelinstitutions.,SVO;SVO,两个逻辑层次：并列与对比If/When/BecauseSVO,SVO.SVO:SVO;SVO;andSVO.AlthoughSVO,SVO.SlessVOthanVO.SVO;howeverSVO.,SVO(that);S(that)VO(that):p76.7,Inaddition,theIliad,morethantheOdyssey,suggeststhecomplexityofthegodsinvolvementinhumanactions,andtotheextentthatmodernreadersfindthiscomplexityaneedlesscomplication,theIliadislesssatisfyingthantheOdyssey,withitssimplerschemeofdivinejustice.,SVO(that);S(that)VO(that):p168.3,AccordingtoArrom,householdsheadedbyfemalesandinstancesofwomenworkingoutsidethehomeweremuchmorecommonthanscholarshaveestimated;effortsbytheMexicangovernmenttoencouragefemaleeducationresultedinincreasedfemaleliteracy;andinfluentialmalewriterswrotepiecesadvocatingeducation,employment,andincreasedfamilyresponsibilitiesforwomen,whiledeploringwomenspoliticalandmaritalinequality.,SVO(that);S(that)VO(that):p94.9,ThoughhistoricallythereisadiscerniblebreakbetweenJewishlawofthesovereignstateofancientIsraelandoftheDiaspora(thedispersionofJewishpeopleaftertheconquestofIsrael),thespiritofthelegalmatterinlaterpartsoftheOldTestamentisveryclosetothatoftheTalmud,oneoftheprimarycodificationsofJewishlawintheDiaspora.,多层修饰+多个逻辑,SVO(that(that);S(that)VO(that(that).SVO(that);SVO(that);SVO(that(that).先主干后修饰；先主句后从句S,NPthat,V,Othat(which)andthat;SVOthat,whilev-ingthat,withoutv-ing,v-edwhich.,withNPthatVO;however,S,which,VtoV,OthatislessthanOwhosebecauseSVOsuchasNP,NP,andNP.,SVO(that(that);S(that)VO(that(that).,Islam,ontheotherhand,representedaradicalbreakawayfromtheArabpaganismthatprecededit;Islamiclawistheresultofanexamination,fromareligiousangle,oflegalsubjectmatterthatwasfarfromuniform,comprisingasitdidthevariouscomponentsofthelawsofpre-IslamicArabiaandnumerouslegalelementstakenoverfromthenon-Arabpeoplesoftheconqueredterritories.(p94.13),SVO(that(that);S(that)VO(that(that).,Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof