高三英语阅读理解：主旨大意题

题型特点我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨，因此，主旨大意题是常考题，每年必考13题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(mainidea，mainlyabout)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型、主题型(themaintheme)。七年来共考了13道题，其中mainlyabout考过3题(2008，2012,2013)，title题考了5题(2007,2010,2011，2012,2013)，purpose题考了5题(2007，2008，2009，2011,2013)。常见的题干形式有：,Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Paragraph1mainlytalksabout_.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?,Whatisthe(main)purposeofthepassage?Thepurposeofthepassageis_.Thepassageisintendedto_.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?,解法点拨要正确选出标题，首先得弄清文章的主旨大意，而了解主旨大意的关键是找到主题句，主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。找主题句还有以下三个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。,2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。作者写此文章，其目的是告诉读者一个事实，传达某个信息，或让读者得到某种启示或受到某种教育，或者是为了说服读者接受某种产品、服务，或接受某种观点。,真题破解例1(2011广东)Intheanimalkingdom，weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Frommywheelchairexperience，IseethebestinpeopleOften，wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweaknessButonlywhenwestoppretendingwerebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthatsinthem.,A.AWheelchairExperience.B.WeaknessandKindness.C.WeaknessandStrength.D.ADrivingExperience,30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?,解析：在第一段中，出现了表转折的But可知，ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。,B.WeaknessandKindness.,例2(2011广东)Inaworldwithlimitedland，waterandothernaturalresources(资源)，theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually，thepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged，andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords，weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.,Today，sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.Governmentscanfullydevelopthepotentialofthesenewmarkets.First，Besides，Finally，acceleratethechangefromtraditionalmodeltoasustainableone.Themajorchallengeofthiscenturyistofindwaystomeettheneedsofgrowingpopulationbutitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.,A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.,45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?,D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.,解析：在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged，andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进行解释；句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句Today，sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D正确,(一),A.complaintaboutthehighpriceofelectricityB.introduceanotherheaterthatcanreducethecostC.tellushowtosaveelectricityandcutourheatingbillsD.showmanypeoplecantbeartheburdenonthefamilybudget,1.Theauthormentionedthecostofheatingourhomesinorderto_.,1.B意图推断题。从第二句起直到文章最后，作者都是在推介移動式取暖器，可见作者第一句提到家庭取暖的开支将是家庭预算的一大负担，其目的是介绍一种可以节省开支的取暖器，故选B。,A.theheatoftheEPB.thesafetyoftheEPC.theappearanceoftheEPD.thematerialoftheEP,2.Whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph2?,B段意归纳题。由nothatcancauseafire和willnotburnchildrenorpets和willnotburnchildrenorpets可知,本段是讲这种取暖器的安全问题。,A.doesntburnupoxygenB.runswithoutanynoiseC.makespeoplegetsleepyD.isunsuitableforchildrenandpets,3.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheEP_.,A细节理解题。由第三段TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom(这种取暖器不会减少房间里的氧气，即此机不会燃烧氧气)可知选A。注意：因第一段最后有runsalmostsilent(几乎是静音)，易误选B“运转时没有声音”，错就错在夸大其词;选项C是指别的取暖器，这是张冠李戴；由itwillnotburnchildrenorpets可知是适合小孩和宠物的，选项D是颠倒是非。,A.continuouslyB.separatelyC.quicklyD.equally,4.Theunderlinedword“evenly”inparagraph4probablymeans_.,D词义猜测题。由本段最后一句WiththeEP,thetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom(温度在房间的任何地方都没有不同的，即一样的)可知选D“均匀的”。,A.persuadepeopletobuytheproductB.advisepeopletosaveonheatingbillsC.reportthenewdevelopmentofportableheatersD.comparethefunctionsofdifferentheaterbrands,5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_.,A写作目的题。文章最后Now,wehaveaspecialofferfor10daysIfyouorderafterthatatthediscountedprice.Takeactionrightnow!很明显，作者写此篇文章的目的是劝人去买这种产品。,(二),A.Usingriverwater.B.Throwingbatteriesaway.C.Pavingparkinglots.D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.,C细节题。由第一段最后一句Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave,thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater可知。,6.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?,A.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.B.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.C.Thereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysize.D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.,7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?,B推断题。第一段前两句告诉我们，人们在以明显的方式或不明显的方式影响着水资源的供应,第二段到第四段都讲到要应如何去做,可以推断,要做好这些是需要作出巨大努力的。,A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwaterC.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforus.D.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathome,8.Thelastparagraphisintendedto_.,D推断题。由最后一段的第一句Youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome可知。,A.Pavingroadscancauselessgroundwater.B.Humanactivitiesaccountforallwatershortages.C.Americansusetoomuchwaterintheirdailylife.D.Throwingbatteriesawaycanpolluteourwatersupply.,9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?,B细节题。由第二段前两句Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages(人类活动并不对所有水资源短缺负责，干燥的气候会导致旱灾)可知。,A.whypavingroadsreduceourwaterB.howmuchwedependonwatertoliveC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply,10.Thetextismainlyabout_.,D主旨题。由第一段第一句的后半句可知，其中but是一个标志题，提醒我们，其后的内容就是本文的主要内容。,(三),A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.,11.Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidntbecomepopularforsometime?,C细节理解题。由第二段最后两句（animalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround）可知。,A.Itwaseasierthanwheeldesign.B.Itimprovedafterbigchangesinvehicledesign.C.Itwaspromotedbyfast-movingvehicles.D.Itprovidedconditionsforwheeldesigntodevelop.,12.Whatdoweknowaboutroaddesignfromthepassage?,D细节理解题。由第三段，特别是最后一句(Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodemroaddesign在现代道路设计出现之前轮胎的设计没有重要的变化，即道路的设计为轮胎的设计提供了条件)可知。,A.Thehistoryofthewheelfortransport.B.Thepersonwhoinventedmetalhubs.C.Thetimewhenthealloyw