SK360车床主轴箱改进设计含3张CAD图带开题
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SK360车床主轴箱改进设计含3张CAD图带开题,SK360,车床,主轴,改进,设计,CAD,开题
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XXX设计（XXX）任务书 学院 专业 论文题目 SK360车床主轴箱改进设计 （方案一） 学生姓名 学 号 起讫日期 指导教师姓名（签名） 指导教师职称 指导教师工作单位 院（系）领导签名 下发任务书日期 ： 20XX年2月 20日题 目SK360车床主轴箱改进设计（方案一）论文时间2013年2月25日至 2013年6月14日课题的主要内容及要求(含技术要求、图表要求等)大体思路是尽量简化机构，提高性能，从而降低成本，适应市场需求，以提高竞争力。其具体要求为：1.主轴转:Nmax=1400rmp,Nmin=30-45rmp,Z=10-12;主轴孔径大于原机；主轴电动机功率：4kw;2.控制振动、噪声和热变形，提高静、动态性能;3.尽量利用原传动轴孔位置以便沿用原镗模工艺装备，原主轴、进给输出轴位置不得改变。课题的实施的方法、步骤及工作量要求1.查阅有关资料和设计手册，了解国家或行业对SK360车床主轴箱改进设计的要求等；2.确定试验方案，拟定满足试验要求的SK360车床主轴箱原理图；3.确定SK360车床主轴箱改进设计设计方案，完成总装配图及零件图，完成图纸工作量累计3张零号图纸以上；4.完成外文翻译汉字5000字以上；5.完成毕业设计说明书（1万汉字以上）。指定参考文献 1.邱宜怀.机械设计.高等教育出版社,20022.曹金榜，张玉峰.机床主轴变速箱设计指导.机械工业出版社,19873.戴曙.金属切屑机床设计. 机械工业出版社,19854.翁世修，王良申. 金属切屑机床设计指导.上海交通大学出版社,19885.吴圣庄. 金属切屑机床概论.机械工业出版社6.范云涨，陈兆年.金属切屑机床设计简明手册.机械工业出版社,19957.年大华.机械原理.高等教育出版社,19948.王世刚，张春宜等.机械设计实践.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,20019.顾维邦.金属切屑机床.机械工业出版社,198410.机床设计手册.机械工业出版社,197811.SK360江西仪表厂使用说明书.江西仪表厂毕业设计(论文)进度计划(以周为单位) 第 1 周（2013年2月25日-2013年3月3日）：检查寒假外文翻译情况，下达具体毕业设计任务，指导学生撰写开题报告，熟悉设计内容，查阅有关资料第 2 周第 3 周（2013年3月4日-2013年3月17日）：参观实验室或有关厂家，增加感性认识，方案论证并确定设计方案，完成SK360车床主轴箱改进设计装配图、零部件设计及有关设计计算第 4 周第 5 周（2013年3月18日-2013年3月31日）：完成SK360车床主轴箱改进机械部分的设计方案，拟定SK360车床主轴箱改进设计草图第 6 周第 7 周（2013年4月1日-2013年4月14日）：完成SK360车床主轴箱改进设计总图及有关零件设计图第 8 周（2013年4月9日-2013年4月21日）：提交第1-8周的指导记录表、实习报告和已做的毕业设计内容，由指导老师初审后上交学院第 9 周第 13 周（2013年4月22日-2013年5月26日）：在指导老师指导下修改并完成设计，完成相关设计图纸，同时撰写毕业设计说明书，并提交指导老师初审第 14 周第 16 周（2013年5月27日-2013年6月14日）：修改毕业设计图纸及说明书，完成后参加毕业答辩备注注：表格栏高不够可自行增加。此表由指导教师在毕业设计（论文）工作开始前填写，每位毕业生两份，一份发给学生，一份交院（系）留存。 开题报告题目SK360车床主轴箱改进设计学生姓名、学号专业指导教师姓名职称一 研究的背景、意义 SK车床用途广泛，社会拥有量大，适用于各种车削工作，如车削各种零件外圆柱表面、端面及钻孔、铰孔及车削内控，车削各种公制、英制、模数及径节螺纹。这次设计是对江西仪表厂的SK360型车床主轴箱进行改进设计，主要要求是简化结构，降低成本，提高性能，适应市场需求，以提高竞争力，改进为刚性高，噪音低，工艺性好，操作可靠，维修方便，经济实用性的机床。数控机床是制造业现代化的标志：是提高促进国民经济发展的基础设备，促进科技国防现代化的重要手段，也是衡量一个国家经济实力的一个重要指标，随着我国WTO的加入，市场经济将与世界接轨，为加快我国制造业向高速、高精、高自动化、高柔性化、智能化的发展速度，提高市场竞争能力，数控机床是我国列入十五计划的重点项目。近期，对汽车工业和数控行业的重点投入与扶持，98年来中国数控机床消费量增长率在30%以上，产量年增长率在19%，据预测以后几年中国数控机床的市场消费将以年均20.75%的速度增长，国家数控机床的市场需求空间很大。同发达国家相比，我国机械行业基础较差，数控应用起步较晚，数控普及率较低，乡镇、民营企业较多，数控技改资金投入有限，机床价格成为制约数控应用的一个障碍，对普通机床的数控化改造成为我国应用数控技术的投资少、见效快的项目。我国目前机床总量380余万台，而其中数控机床总数只有11.34万台，即我国机床数控化率不到3%。近10年来，我国数控机床年产量约为0.60.8万台，年产值约为18亿元。机床的年产量数控化率为6%。我国机床役龄10年以上的占60%以上；10年以下的机床中，自动/半自动机床不到20%，FMC/FMS等自动化生产线更屈指可数（美国和日本自动和半自动机床占60%以上）。可见我们的大多数制造行业和企业的生产、加工装备绝大数是传统的机床，而且半数以上是役龄在10年以上的旧机床。用这种装备加工出来的产品普遍存在质量差、品种少、档次低、成本高、供货期长，从而在国际、国内市场上缺乏竞争力，直接影响一个企业的产品、市场、效益，影响企业的生存和发展。所以必须大力提高机床的数控化率。 经过大量实践证明普通机床数控化改造具有一定经济性、实用性和稳定性。所以很多企业纷纷将现有机床改造成经济型数控机床，这种做法具有投资少、见效快的特点。事实证明：用较少的资金，将普通机床改造升级为数控机床，可以为企业带来可观的经济效益。二 课题研究的基本内容、重点难点及要解决的主要问题2.1 基本内容是对SK360车床主轴箱进行改进设计，其床头箱中和这次设计有关参数有；规格：中心高：190mm。最大工件长度：880mm。床身上最大回转直径：360mm。床鞍上最大回转直径：210mm。床头箱：主轴孔锥度：莫氏短6号。主轴孔直径：37mm。主轴正转种数：12种。转速范围：37-1500r/min。主轴反转种数：6种。转速范围：122-1538r/min。机床主电机：主电机功率：2.2Kw。转速：1400r/min 2.2 要解决的主要问题1.床头箱提高主轴精度，增加主轴编码器和相关元件，满足数空控制的要求及精度要求。2.手动卡盘改为电动卡盘，降低劳动强度，提高工作效率，并且卡盘定心准确，性能稳定，动作灵敏，夹紧力大小可调，最大加紧力达45KN，夹持范围达4200mm。3.手动刀架改为电动刀架，能实现刀架的转位、定位、夹紧的自动控制，满足数控编程的要求，并且要求刀架对指令信号反应灵敏，动作执行准确可靠，能充分发挥出数控化改造后加工效率高、精度高的特点。4.溜板与床鞍合理匹配，满足Z向进给的刚性结构及数控化技术改造的要求。5.床鞍、滑板、X向、Z向丝杠润滑，采用电动润滑，降低劳动强度，提高润滑的可靠性和润滑质量，满足数控化改造对润滑系统的要求，同时润滑系统的技术改造，应有利于数控化技术改造后车床的安装调试及日常维护。6.主轴箱润滑仍采用原润滑，轴承温度最高不大于70C，温升小于40C，以利于提高加工精度。7.电气改造采用低成本、高稳定性的半闭环数字化广州980T控制系统，配置安全可靠的电器控制箱，与机械部分的数控化改造相匹配，安装数据输入显示屏和车床数控化功能操作面板，直流稳压电源由隔离变压器提供，具有良好的安全性和抗干扰性。8.机床改造机械部分精度按国家标准JB/T8324.1-96 数控卧式车床精度要求；电气部分按国家标准GB5226.1-2002 要求。三 课题研究计划与写作提纲(1) 设计步骤：调研收集设计资料根据所给定的参数制定总体设计方案完成总装图及部装图完成零件图编写设计说明书。(2)2013年 2月20日-2013年 2 月 26 日：下达设计任务书，明确任务，熟悉课题，收集资料，上交外文翻译、参考文献和开题报告。2013年 2 月 27 日-2013年4 月 15 日：制定总体方案，绘制总装图草图。2013年4月16 日-2013年 5月 27日：修改并完成总装图及部装图，完成有关零件图的设计。2013年 5 月28日-2013年 6 月5 日：编写设计说明书2013年 6月 6日-2013年6 月 8 日：准备答辩四 参考文献1.邱宜怀.机械设计.高等教育出版社,20022.曹金榜，张玉峰.机床主轴变速箱设计指导.机械工业出版社,19873.戴曙.金属切屑机床设计. 机械工业出版社,19854.翁世修，王良申. 金属切屑机床设计指导.上海交通大学出版社,19885.吴圣庄. 金属切屑机床概论.机械工业出版社6.范云涨，陈兆年.金属切屑机床设计简明手册.机械工业出版社,19957.年大华.机械原理.高等教育出版社,19948.王世刚，张春宜等.机械设计实践.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,20019.顾维邦.金属切屑机床.机械工业出版社,198410.机床设计手册.机械工业出版社,197811.SK360江西仪表厂使用说明书.江西仪表厂 学生签名： 年 月 日指导教师批阅意见（指导教师应对课题研究的思路、方法、对策、措施和预期成效等做出评价，并提出具体的改进意见） 指导教师签名： 年 月 日4 Design Of Tool Machine Prop Research significanceThe original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool. Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development. Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs. The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.1.System components and control structureThe entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principleTool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component. 1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive. 2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditioned, under the same chain-of-conditioning, so that the chain of uniform. 3) Turret and shields the entire total of 14 independent Turret. 13 of them as a socket-Turret, as a drawer-Turret, each Turret back through the pin and, under the conveyor chain link chain plate, installed at the bottom roller, chain driven rotating turret rotation along the track. Outlet-Turret and BT50-BT40 Turret Turret two kinds of forms. To strengthen management, security, landscaping modeling, shelf peripherals and shields. Turret-drawer drawer placed at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.1.1.2.Electrical Control SystemThis tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. Control system as shown in Figure 1.图 1 Tool Control System for the1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter. 2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system. 3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.1.2.The functions of the knifeknife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.1.3.Common typesThe knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms: (1) the turret knife Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):(2) the disc cutter Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center.(3) the chain knife Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 do Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.(4) linear combination knife and the knife library The linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.1.4 Tool storage capacityTool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.1.5 Tool options(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate. (2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection. 1.6. Control of the knife (1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher. (2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently. (3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application2.1 Auto Rotary ToolRotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe. Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the same time, the knives matching tool; drawbars from Spindle Cutting Tools rip, ATC, will be the tool from their position removed; ATC, 180 rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away; ATC, the Rotary At the same time, the tool refocusing its position to accept Spindle removed from the cutting tool; Next, ATC, will be replaced with the cutter knives were unloaded into the spindle and tool: Finally, back to the original ATC, standby position. At this point, ATC completed procedures to continue to run. This ATC, the main advantage of simple structure, the less movement, fast tool change. The main disadvantage is that knives must be kept in parallel with the axis of the plane, and after the home side compared to the tool, chip and liquid-cutting knife into the folder, it is necessary to the tool plus protection. Cone knife folder on the chip will cause ATC error, or even damage knife folders, and the possibility of spindle. Some processing centre at the transfer, and the tool side. When the ATC command is called, the transfer-cutter knives will be removed, the machine go forward, and positioning with the ATC, in line with the position. 180 Rotary ATC devices can be used horizontal machine, can also be used for vertical machining centers.2. 2 ATC head-turret installedWith rotating CNC machine tool often used such ATC devices, with a few turret head spindle, each with a spindle on both knives, the first tower interim process can be automatic tool change-realization. The advantage is simple structure, tool change time is short, only about 2 s. However, due to spatial constraints, the number of spindle can not be too much, usually only apply to processes less, not to high precision machine tools, such as the NC drill, such as CNC milling machine. In recent years there has been a mechanical hand and the turret head with a knife for the automatic tool change ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. It is in fact a turret head ATC, and the knife-ATC device combination. The principle is as follows:5 turret on the first two tool spindle 3 and 4, when using the tool spindle 4 processing tool, the manipulator 2 will be the next step to the need for the tool does not work on the tool spindle 3 until after the completion of this process , the first rotary turret 180 , ATC completed. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.2. 3.Daidao system for the automatic tool changeFigure 2.4 shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig. Figure 2.5 shows the knife and split-type machine to the appearance of CNC machine tool plans. At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to complete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport. Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool exchange institutions (manipulator), composed of four parts, used widely. Tool Automatic Tool Change the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife. ATC, as the former two knives to accommodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of complex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automatic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The comparison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising. 3.PLC control of the knife random mode of election3. 1Common methods of automatic election knifeAutomatic control of the knife CNC refers to the system after the implementation of user instructions on the knife library automation process, including the process to find knives and automatic tool change (63,71. CNC Machining Center device (CNC) directive issued by the election knife , a knife, the tool required to take the knife position, said the election automatic knife. automatically elected knife There are two ways: random sequence election knives and knife election method.3.1.1 order election knifeTool Selection order is the process tool according to the sequence of the insert knife, the use of knives in order to take place, used knives back at the original knife, can also order Add Block, a knife. In this way, no need Tool identification devices, and drive control is a relatively simple, reliable and can be used directly from the points of the knife machinery to achieve. But the knives in each of the tool in different processes can not be reused, if the tool is installed in accordance with the order of the knife, there will be serious consequences. The need to increase the number of knives and knife the capacity of the tool and reduce the utilization of the knife.3.1.2Random election knifeRandom election under the knife is arbitrary instructions to select the required tools, then there must be tool identification devices. Tool knife in the library do not have the processing in accordance with the order of the workpiece can be arbitrary storage. Each of the tool (or knife blocks) are for a code, automatic tool change, the rotary cutter, every tool have been the tool identification device acceptable identification. When CNC tool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advantage of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding. 1. Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-end packages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two, respectively, said that binary 1 and 0 to the two rings are different, can be a series of code. For example, there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the code, to avoid the cutter knife Block did not confuse the situation. 2. Knife Block coding. On the knife Block coding, coding tool, and tool into line with the number of knives in the Block. ATC knife when the rotation, so that each knife seats followed through knowledge knife, knife found blocks, knives stopped the rotation. At this time there is no knife handle encoding part of the knife handle simplified. 3. Annex coding methods. This style of coding keys, coded cards, coding and coding-disc, which is the most widely used coding keys. First toknives are attached to a tool of the show wrapped coding keys, and when the cutter knife to the store at knife in, so put the number of keys to remember knife Block Road, will be inserted into key to the coding Block next to the key hole in the seat for the knife to the numbers. Conclusion Focused on in todays manufacturing environment tool storage and management of new models and methods, practical application of good results in systems integration and optimization, and other aspects of operations will be further explored, so that it has a higher theoretical and practical level.机床刀具设计课题研究意义机床原来的刀库控制程序是单独设计的，没有采用刀具管理系统，功能也比较单一，只实现了刀库刀具的找刀、刀库最短路径定位、主轴换刀，而且不支持大型刀具。在刀库自动选刀方面，在计算机记忆式选刀的基础上采用了西门子840D特色功能，使选刀程序更简洁，并完成空刀套的查找。刀库快速换刀利用STEP-7完成编程，并在实际中得到验证。在刀库定位问题上，PLC程序控制采用模块化设计方法，这对今后生产类似机床将十分有利，很容易将其利用到其他机床上。自动换刀系统将以较快的速度增长，缩短换刀时间，提高刀具的定位精度是重要的手段，有利于数控技术的发展。刀具及其元件库存是现代生产管理中的重要环节, 特别是大型车间管理。传统的人工记帐管理方式, 效率低下, 错误率高, 且信息数据不能共享, 刀具的使用状态和寿命周期无法跟踪, 不能适应当前信息化管理需要。结合生产实际, 我们在车间刀具准备间建立刀具贮存立体库系统, 以满足车间刀辅具储存与管理的需要。该系统采用最优化技术, 利用计算机存储的大量库存信息, 能及时、准确、全面地反映刀具库的库存情况。整个系统采用图形界面, 人机对话由中文菜单提示, 可实现各种功能选择和各种信息的输入。管理系统采用在线帮助功能。可通过车间管理层、网络系统实现信息管理和共享。具有自动库存管理、刀具入库管理、刀具出库管理和统计查询功能。1.系统组成及其控制结构整个系统包括机械结构及电气控制系统。1.1.1 机械结构及工作原理刀具库由支架、驱动机构、传动系统、刀架、护罩、电气控制系统等部分组成。支架由立柱、横梁、上下导向环轨、支撑地轨组成。1)驱动机构该系统选用了变频调速的方法。采用锥形制动电机, 带变频调速, 经摆线针轮减速器, 通过链轮传动。2)拖动与传动系统采用变频控制技术。通过变频调速, 可使传动轴转速在正常范围内调节使刀架回转速度控制到 5 30mm in, 2 个传动轴各带上、下2 个链轮通过上、下2 条异形滚子链带动货架转动。链条胀紧机构采用螺纹调节胀紧, 为定期胀紧方式。调节时上、下链条松度调节一致, 使链条受力均匀。3)刀架与防护罩整库共有14 列独立刀架。其中 13 列为插座式刀架, 1 列为抽屉式刀架, 每个刀架背部通过销轴与上、下输送链链板联接, 底部安装滚轮, 链条转动带动刀架沿地轨转动。插座式刀架分BT40 刀架和BT50 刀架 2 种形式。为加强管理, 保证安全, 美化造型, 货架外围加防护罩。抽屉式刀架分 6 个抽屉放置其他刀辅具, 可分类装存一些刀辅具, 如钻头、车刀等。1.1.2. 电气控制系统本刀具储存系统的电气控制主要是对其货架进行运行控制和位置控制。运行控制包括运行设备的启动、制动控制。位置控制主要是对货架位置和地址进行检测。控制系统框图如图 1 所示。图 1刀具库控制系统图1)电气传动水平旋转刀具储存系统各机械的动作都属于反复短时工作制。而且系统在运行时需要几种速度, 因此传动系统需要调速, 所以该系统选用了变频调速的方法, 可以采用结构简单、运行可靠的变频器和变频电动机。2)控制方式该系统分为手动和自动控制2 种控制方式, 手动控制一般作为调试用和备用的工作方式; 自动控制方式为本系统计算机(IPC)和控制单元(变频器、接触器等)组成的一个自动控制系统。3)位置及定位精度检测本系统中自动认址和位置检测采用了接近开关作为检测元器件, 通过光点隔离继电器板和记数板对接近开关采集的信号进行记数和运算处理, 采用最优路径寻址方式确定货架的当前位置和货架的目的位置。为了使系统定位更准确, 采用了 2 只光电开关, 分别检测2 个货架的2 只检测片。1.2.刀库的功能刀库的作用是储备一定数量的刀具，机械手实现主轴上刀具的互换zsa刀具的类型有盘式刀库、链式刀库等多种形式，刀库的形式和容量要根据机床的工艺范围来确定。1.3.常见类型 刀库是存储刀具的装置，常见的刀库主要有以下几种形式:(1)转塔式刀库包括水平转塔头和垂直转塔头两种，见图2.6a)与b): (2)盘式刀库盘式刀库中刀库呈盘状,刀具沿盘面垂直排列(包括径向取刀和轴向取刀),沿盘面径向排列或成锐角排列的形式的刀库。结构简单、紧凑,应用较多,但刀具单环排列,空间利用率低。见图2.7a)c)。若增加刀库容量必须使刀库的外径增大,那么转动惯量也相应增大,选刀运动时间长。刀具数量一般不多于32把。刀具呈多环排列的刀库的空间利用率高,但必然使得取刀机构复杂,适用于机床空间受限制而刀库容量又较大的场合。双盘式结构是两个较小容量的刀库分置于主轴两侧,布局较紧凑,储刀数量也相应增大,适用于中小型加工中心。(3)链式刀库 包括单环链和多环链，链环形式可有多种变化，见图2.8a)c)，基本结构见图2. 8do特点:适用于刀库容量较大的场合，所占的空间小，一般适用于刀具数在30-120把。仅增加链条长度即可增加刀具数，可以不增加圆周速度其转动惯量不像盘式刀库增加的那样大。(4)直线式刀库和组合刀库直线式刀库结构简单如图2. 9，刀具单行排列，刀库容量小，多用于数控车床和钻床上。由于刀库位置固定，换刀动作由主轴完成，无需机械手。组合刀库一般是转塔式刀库的组合、转塔式与盘式刀库的组合及链式刀库的组合。每单个刀库的储刀量较小，换刀速度快。另外还有一些密集型的鼓轮式、弹匣式和格子式刀库，这些密集型刀库虽.占地面积小，但由于结构限制，基本上不用于单机加工中心，多用于FMS的集中供刀系统。1.4.刀库的容量刀库的容量首先要考虑加工工艺的需要，从使用角度出发，一般为1040把刀，刀库的利用率会高，而结构比较紧凑。1.5.刀具的选择方式(1)顺序选择将刀具按加工工序的顺序，依次放入刀库的每一个刀座内。每次换刀时，刀库顺序转动一个刀座位置，并取出所需要的刀具，己经使用过的刀具可以放回原来的刀座内，也可以顺序放入下一个刀座内。但由于刀库中刀具在不同的工序中不能重复使用，必须增加刀库的容量，降低了利用率。(2)任意选择目前大多数的数控系统都采用任意选刀的方式，其分为刀套编码、刀具编码和记忆式等三种。刀具编码或刀套编码需要在刀具或刀套上安装用于识别的编码条，一般都是根据二进制编码的原理进行编码。刀具编码选刀方式采用了一种特殊的刀柄结构，并对每把刀具编码。每把刀具都具有自己的代码，因而刀具可在不同的工序中多次重复使用，换下的刀具不用放回原刀座，刀库的容量也可相应减少。本文采用记忆式选刀，这种方式能将刀具号和刀库中的刀套位置对应地记忆在数控系统的PLC中，无论刀具放在哪个刀套内，刀具信息都始终记存在PLC内。刀库上装有位置检测装置，可获得每个刀套的位置。这样刀具就可以任意取出并送回。刀库上还设有机械原
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