定语从句讲与练

,定语从句讲与练,为了理解好定语从句，首先我们要理解好定语。定语是修饰、限定名词的，如：Maryisalovelygirl.“lovely”是做为定语修饰“girl”。其实定语从句也同样是修饰、限定名词的。定语从句（AttributiveClause）在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子。被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。如：,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.,关系词：1.指代先行词，起连接作用2.在句子中充当成分,先行词,放置于名词之后，修饰名词的从句,要理解好关系代词，首先我们要理解好人称代词。我们知道，人称代词是代指前文出现的名词。如：WelikeMary.Sheisabeautifulgirl.”She”指的是Mary。其实关系代词也是指代名词（所指代的名词叫做先行词），但是关系代词与它所引导的句子需要紧跟在先行词后。现在我们来观察用人称代词指代的句子与用关系代词引导句子的不同：,Group1:WelikeMary.Sheisabeautifulgirl.,Group2:WelikeMarywhoisabeautifulgirl.,总结：我们从Groups里的句子可以看到，在Group1中，我们使用了人称代词”She”，指代Mary，这时候需要另写一个句子。与Group1不同的是，Group2中使用了关系代词引导句子，作为Mary(先行词)的定语从句，其中，who同样也是指代Mary.下面我们来观察关系代词和人称代词的不同：,关系代词和人称代词对比表,who,Group1.She,:WelikeMaryisabeautifulgirl.,总结：关系代词who(还可以使用that)取代人称代词She（主格），who引导的句子接在它所指代的名词后面；注意去掉先行词后的句号。,Group1:WelikeMary.Sheisabeautifulgirl.,Group2:WelikeMarywhoisabeautifulgirl.,Group2,which,Group3.It,:Aplaneisamachinecanfly.,总结：关系代词which(还可以使用that)取代人称代词it（主格），which引导的句子接在它所指代的名词后面；注意去掉先行词后的句号。,Group3:Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Group4:Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.,Group4,Exercises1forboys:1.ThestudentisJack.Heisansweringthequestion.2.Hereistheboy.Hedamagedthevase.3.Doyouknowthedog?ItbelongstoMary.,Letsdosomeexercises,Exercises1forgirls:4.TheteacherteachesusEnglish.SheisfromU.S.5.TheworkerisTom.Hetooksomepicturesofthefactory.6.WecycledalongtheLancangriver.ItiscalledMekongriverinothercountries.,Whoarebetter?,Whoarebetter?,Exercises1forboys:1.ThestudentisJackwho/thatisansweringthequestion.2.Hereistheboywho/thatdamagedthevase.3.Doyouknowthedogwhich/thatbelongstoMary?,Keysforexercises1,Exercises1forgirls:4.Theteacherwho/thatisfromU.SteachesusEnglish.5.TheworkerisTomwho/thattooksomepicturesofthefactory.6.WecycledalongtheLancangriverthat/whichiscalledMekongriverinothercountries.,Whoarebetter?,Whoarebetter?,:MaryisalovelygirlWelike,Group5.her,Group6whom,verymuch.,总结：关系代词whom取代人称代词her（宾格），将whom引导的句子放在所指代的先行词之后；同时去掉先行词后的句号。,Group5:Maryisalovelygirl.Welikeherverymuch.,Group6:Maryisalovelygirlwhomwelikeverymuch.,:TomhasanewcarWelike,Group7.it,Group8which,verymuch.,总结：关系代词which（也可以用that）取代人称代词it（宾格），将which引导的句子放在所指代的先行词之后；同时去掉先行词后的句号。,Group7:Tomhasanewcar.Welikeitverymuch.,Group8:Tomhasanewcarwhichwelikeverymuch.,Exercises2forboys:1.Thisisthehouse.Ibuiltitlastyear.2.Sunnywastheperson.Imetherthismorninginthelibrary.3.Lindawillneverforgetthedays.ShespentitinShanghai.,Letsdosomeexercises,Exercises2forgirls:4.Ilikethemeal.Wehaditlastnight.5.Doyouknowtheman?Ourteacherwastalkingwithhim.6.Haveyouseenmydog?Iboughtityesterday.,Whoarebetter?,Whoarebetter?,Exercises2forboys:1.Thisisthehousethat/whichIbuiltlastyear.2.Sunnywasthepersonwhom/thatImetthismorninginthelibrary.3.Lindawillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichShespentinShanghai.,Keysforexercises2,Exercises2forgirls:4.Ilikethemealthat/whichWehadlastnight.5.Doyouknowthemanthat/whomourteacherwastalkingwith?6.Haveyouseenmydogthat/whichIboughtyesterday.,Whoarebetter?,Whoarebetter?,Group9:Maryisateacher.Herdaughterworksinthehospital.,Group10whose,Group9.Her,:Maryisateacherdaughterworksinthehospital.,总结：关系代词whose取代人称代词her(定格)；去掉先行词后的句号。,Group10:Maryisateacherwhosedaughterworksinthehospital.,Group12whose,Group11Its,:Haveyouseenmybookcoverisred,总结：关系代词whose取代人称代词Its(定格)；把疑问号置于句末。,Group11：Haveyouseenmybook?Itscoverisred.,Group12：Haveyouseenmybookwhosecoverisred？,?,Exercises3forboys:1.Sheisthegirl.HerEnglishisthebestinourclass.2.Weliveintheflat.Itswindowsfacesouth.3.Heisafarmer.HissonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.,Letsdosomeexercises,Exercises3forgirls:4.Isawsometrees.Theirleaveswereblackwithdisease.5.Thetempleisnowunderrepair.Itsroofwasdamaged.6.Maryismyaunt.Herdaughterworksintheschool.,Whoarebetter?,Whoarebetter?,Exercises3forboys:1.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.2.Weliveintheflatwhosewindowsfacesouth.3.HeisafarmerwhosesonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.,Keysforexercises3,Exercises3forgirls:4.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.5.Thetemplewhoseroofwasdamagedisnowunderrepair.6.Maryismyauntwhosedaughterworksintheschool.,Whoarebetter?,Whoarebetter?,抢答题(运用定语从句知识翻译和填空)1.我要一个可以一起打篮球的朋友。2.窗户朝南的那间房是我的。3.他们种了一些不太需要水的树。4.Haveyouboughtthebook_wetalkedabout?5.Ilikevisitingplaces_arenotfaraway.6.Theboy_fatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.,Letsdoexercises4,Whoarebetter?,Whoarebetter?,抢答题(运用定语从句知识翻译和填空)1.Iwantafriendwhom/thatIcanplaybasketballwith.2.Thebedroomwhosewindowsfacesouthismine.3.Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdontneedmuchwater.4.Haveyouboughtthebookthat/whichwetalkeda