口语突破英语的时态和语态

- 英语的时态和语态概念：在英语中不同时间发生的动作谓语动词的表达形式也不一样，这就是时态。时态和时间紧密相连。 目标：口语突破语法。 实施步骤： 【1:弄懂语法含义及构成 2:收集实用句子 3:反复操练句子 4:举一反三】 一：现在进行时概念：表示现在正在进行和发生的动作。构成： be(am,is,are)+现在分词现在分词的构成：1)一般在动词后面直接加-ing：eating, drinking, reading2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing：come-coming, write-writing3)需要双写最后一个字母的：shop-shopping sit-sitting stop-stopping run-running swim-swimming get-getting begin-beginning plan-planning hit-hittingbeg-begging put-putting travel-travelling win-winningcutcutting wrap-wrapping skipskipping clapclapping regretregretting forget-forgetting例句： 1:Im working on it. 2:Hes looking for a part-time job. 3:She is cooking/sleeping. 4:They are talking about you. 5:We are having English class. Can you call again later? 6:Its raining hard/again/outside. 7:Whats so funny? Why are you laughing? 8:The phone is ringing. Please answer it for me. Im taking a shower. 9:Who are you taking to? Im talking to my mother. 10:Youre making great progress in English.你的英语有了很大的进步。 （练习：用look for, wait for, talk about练习造句）特殊语法一：现在进行时表示将来： 1:Im leaving/coming. 2:My parents are coming to see me. 3:He is leaving for Hk tomorrow. 4:What are you doing later? 5:Im not working next week. 6:Were having a party next weekend.7:Im not going out tonight. Im staying at home.8:What are you doing later?特殊用法二：与always，constantly等连用，含有说话人的主观色彩： 1:You are always complaining. 2:She is always changing her mind. 3:I am always forgetting peoples names. 4:Youre always watching TV, Youre always playing computer games.请随时随地脱口而出下列句子： 1:What are you doing? 5:Im reading./working. 2:Whats he doing? 6:My mother is cooking/sleeping. 3:What are they doing? 7:Im not going. 4:Where are you going? 9:She is getting fatter and fatter. 10:Its getting hotter and hotter. 11:Ever day, in every way, Im getting better and better. 二：过去进行时概念：表示过去某个时刻或某个阶段正在进行的动作。构成：was/were + 现在分词 1:What were you doing at this time last night? 2:It was raining hard when I went to school this morning. 3:They were talking about me when I came in. 4:I was taking a shower when you called. 5:They were watching TV when the lights went out. 6:I was having dinner with my friend at 8 oclock yesterday. 7:She was sleeping at this time last night. 8:My mother was waiting for me when I got home. 9:I was shopping at the market when I met my English teacher.10:What did the teacher say just now? Sorry, I wasnt listening.11:I called you yesterday morning but you werent at home,where were you? 三：一般现在时一般现在时主要用来表示经常性或反复性发生的动作，陈述事实及现在的状态构成：动词用原形，但主语是第三人称单数时动词要加-s 【主语是he,she,it,Tom, Toms father 等时】动词第三人称单数的变化;1) 一般在动词后加-s：singsings, likelikes2) 以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，变-y为i再加-es：study-studies worryworries carry-carries3) 以o,s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，要加-es：dodoes gogoes washwashes watchwatches 一：表示主语所具备的性格、特征、状态及喜好： 1:Im an office worker. 2:Her mother is a nurse.3:He is tall and thin. 4:We are officer workers. 5:She is from America. 6:They are my neighbours. 7:I go to work on foot every day.8:He works hard.9:She lives near here. 10:They work overtime every day. 11:The girl looks like her mother.12:The boy hates going to school.二：表示经常性和习惯性的动作： （ 常与频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等连用） 1:My mother gets up early every day. 2:He often stays up late. 3:She usually goes to work by bike. 4:My son often does her homework at the last minute. 5:They sometimes travel during summer holiday.6:I practice English every morning. 三：表示早已列入时刻表的事件 1:School starts on Sept.1st. 2:The bus runs every 10 minutes 3:The train leaves at 8 tomorrow morning. 4:Whats tomorrows date? 5:What day is it tomorrow? 6:When is your birthday?四：表示客观真理： 1:Time is precious. 2:Health is better than wealth. 3:Practice makes perfect. 4:Mothers always worry about their children.【请脱口而出下面的句子】 Everyone wants to succeed. Everybody makes such mistakes sometimes. That happens. The dish tastes delicious. The shop opens at 9 oclock and closes at 6 oclock. Are you free now?【举例说明一般现在时否定句和疑问句的变化】：1) Im a teacher.Im not a teacher?-Are you a teacher?-Yes,I am/No,Im not.2) She is a nurse. She isnt a nurse.-Is she a nurse?-Yes,she is./No,she isnt.3) They are students. They arent students.-Are they students?-Yes,they are./No,they arent. 4) I like travelling. -I dont like travelling.-Do you like travelling? -Yes,I do./No,I don/t. 5) He works hard. -He doesnt work hard.-Does he work hard? -Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. 【一般疑问句】 一：Do you.? Do you like Chinese food? Do you have any hobbies? Do you see him often? Do you get up early? Do you drink? Do you often go shopping? 二：Does ? Does he love you? Does she live near here? Does Tom speak English? Does your mother call you often? Does your son study hard? Does your wife work? Does he teach English? Does she have a BF?【特殊疑问句】1) What do you usually do on weekends?2) What does this sign mean?3) What does todays news say?4) What do you like best about China?5) Where do you live/work?6) Where do you come from?7) How do you go to work every day?8) How do you like it?9) When do you go to work/get off work?10) When does the meeting start?11) Why do you like such a person?12) Why do you have to tell her the truth?13) Why do you think SZ is a bad place to live?14) Why do you come to China?15) Why dont we have fun? 16)Why dont you like her? 17)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 18)Which place do you like best in China? 19)How old is your daughter? 20)How many people are there in your family? 21)How much money do you need? 22)How much is it? How much are they? 23)How long have you been in China? 24)How far is it from here to your company? 25)How often do you call your family? 26)How soon will you come back?【额外奉送】一般现在时对于描述自己的情况很有用;（一）Self-introduction自我介绍 Hello everyday.My name is Lily. Im from China. I live in Beijing. I love English. I read English every day. I yell English every day.Myfavourite sport are tennis and swimming. My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. We are all interested in English.Do you like Eeglish?I hope we can be friends. （二）Self-introduction I have 2 children. My son is 8, he studies in a primary school. My daughter is 15,she studies in a middle school.Im a techer,I work in a university. My wife works in a hospital. We have a happy family. (三) Alice Alice is a very outgoing girl, she likes music, she palys basketball, she spends a lot of money on clothes. she goes to movies, and she often goes to nightclub, she knows many people, she is very popular. Alice doesnt stay home alone very often, she doesnt read books, she doesnt watch TV, she doesnt listen to music. She is very active, She likes talk on the phone, everyone likes Alice. (四) My sister and I My sister and I are very different. Im an office worker, shes a secretary in a small company. I live in GZ, she lives in SZ, I have a BF, she lives alone. Im rich, she is poor. My father likes me, my mother likes my sister. Alough we are different, we like each other. 四：一般过去时一：含义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。一般有明显的表示过去时间的状语。如：yesterday,last night,this morning,last week/month/year,just now,then(那时)，at that moment,2 years ago,in 1999.等等。 二：一般过去时的构成，动词要用过去式:1)系动词am,iswas(否定式wasnt),are-were(否定式werent)2) 实义动词一般加-ed. 如：worked; lived; studied.3）不规则动词要分别记忆：如：gowent;dodid,take-took1:Where were you last night? 2:He was here just now.3:I was shy when I was young. 4:You were late again.5:She was a beauty when she was young. 6：She was late for work yesterday.7:We went shopping last night and bought a lot of things.8:He worked here last year. 9:They moved to HK last month.10:We went to the movies last night, but the film wasnt very good. We didnt enjoy it. We wasted our time and money.11:I didnt have breakfast this morning. 12:Did you watch the news last night?14:Did you have a good time last night? 13:Why didnt you tell me?15:Where did you spend your holiday? 16:How did you sleep last night?17:What did you do this morning? 18:When did you come to China?19:How was your trip? 20:Who called me? Who said that?【一般过去时的否定句和疑问句的变化】 1:I was in the office this morning.- I wasnt in the office in the morning. Were you in the office in the morning?Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 2:They were in America at this time last year.-They werent in America at this time last year?Were they in America at this time last yearYes, they were./No, they werent. 3:I bought a lot of things yesterday.- I didnt buy a lot of things yesterday. Did you buy a lot of things yesterday? Yes, I did./ No, I didnt. 额外附送：短文突破一般过去时 Pleasant weekend I want to tell you my weekend. It was really great. I went camping with some of my colleagues. We left early on Sunday morning and drove to the mountains. We hiked for an hour to a beautiful lake. We went swimming, we cooked over a campfire, and we slept outside. We told stories and sang songs until after midnight. Next morning, we made a big breakfast, we went other places, and then we packed up our things, hiked back to the car,and came home. We were totally tired,but we had a really great time. 五：一般将来时概念：表示在将来某个时候将要发生的动作，或将要做某事的计划和打算。常和表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow,next day/week/year,soon,the day after tomorrow等。构成：1)will + 动词原形（即时所作出的决定）2)be going to句型（表示按计划、安排要做的事） 1:Sorry, Im busy now, Ill call you back later. 2:Ill take it. 3:Ill take your advice. 4:Ill find out who did this. 5:Ill miss all of you. 6:Ill be ready in 5 minutes. 7:Ill think about it.8:The train will arrive at 8 oclock. Ill be here soon9:Hell go out to play with his friends after school.10:She will come to see me tomorrow. 11:They will come here this evening, theyll come by train. 12:Its a nice day, I think Ill go for a walk. 13:I think the weather will be fine later. 14:From now on, Ill practice English every day. 15:Its going to rain. 16:Im going to have a picnic this weekend. 17:They are going to go abroad next year. 18:Are you going to HK this weekend?【否定句】 I)I wont forgive you. 2)He wont be here tomorrow. 3)It wont happen again.【疑问句】1) Will she come? 2)Will he come to your birthday party?2) Will you be free tomorrow night?【特殊疑问句】 1:When will you come back? 3:Where/How are you going to spend your holiday?4:When are you going to get married?5:When and where will we meet tomorrow?6:How will you go to Beijing?7:Why will you go there on holiday? 【短文突破语法】 Long for the weekend盼望周末 I am looking forward to the weekend. I am not going to think about school.Im not going to worry about my exams. Im not going to touch my textbooks. Im going to read a few magazines and watch a few DVDS. Im going to call my friends. Im going to surf the Internet. I m going to relax at home with my family. I cant wait! This is going to be the best weekend ever. 六：过去将来时 表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情，它的构成有两种形式： 一：would+动词原形 二：was/were + goig to1:He said he would help me/pay back my money/see me.2:She said she would come back next week.3:He told me he would go abroad to study.4:We didnt know when the meeting would end.4:She said she was going to buy a car.5:I didnt know if he was going to come.6:Last Sunday ,we were going to visit the Great Wall,but it rained.7:I heard there was going to be a meeting this afternoon.8:Where were you? I thought you were going to wait for me.还可表示过去习惯性的动作：9:This door wouldnt open.这扇门老是打不开。10:I would play with him when I was a child.我小时候常跟他玩。 七：现在完成时一：现在完成时主要表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的影响或结果,如：He has spent all his money.二：构成： has/have + 过去分词三：用法：一：表示原来发生的动作持续至今：for+时间段； since +时间点 1:I have studied English for 5 years. 2:He has lived here for 20 years. 3:I have been here/in DG for 3 years. 4:She has been a teacher for 10 years.5:We have known each other since we were boys.6:He has been in SZ since 2000.7:I have worked here since 2 years ago.二：表示刚刚或已经完成的动作： 8:I have just had dinner. 9:He has just come here. 10:We have already finished our work.三：表示曾经有过的经验：（常和never,ever,twice等连用） 11:I have never been to HK before. 12:Have you ever been to Macao? 13:I havent met him before. 14:Ive never thought of such a thing. 15:Ive never seen such an awful person. 16:He has been to Tibet twice.17:I have never met such a beautiful girl.四：过去发生的事对现在的影响，常和:lately（recently）最近，at present目前，现在；so far到目前为止；up to now到目前为止，these days目前，这些天 等连用 18：Have you met him lately? 19: I havent been very successful so far.至今我还不是很成功。熟记下面的句子： 20:He has gone home/has gone to work/has gone to GZ. 21:How have you been? 22:Have you heard from Mary? 23:How long have you studied English? 24:How long have you lived in SZ? 25:How long have you been like this? 【短文突破现在完成时】 I have been very busy, I havent been to a restaurant for a long time, and Ive never eaten Korean food. Believe it or not, Ive lived here all my life and Ive never been there! How have you been? Have you seen any good movies recently? Have you eaten at any good restaurants? Have you gone to any interesting places? Please write back and let me know what you have been doing lately. Im looking forward to hearing from you. 八：过去完成时一：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,含义是：过去的过去二：构成：had + 过去分词1:By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 words.2:By the time we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.3:By the time I got to the bank, it had already closed.4:The children ran away after they had broken the window.5:My parents had got up before I woke up this morning.6:The train had started when they got to the station.7:When I got home, my mother had finished cooking already.8:He said he had taught in that school since 1999. 九：现在完成进行时一：含义：表示从过去某一时间一直持续到现在的动作。二：构成：has/have been + 现在分词1:Ive been dying to go home.我一直都很想回家。2:Ive been looking forward to meeting you for a long time.我一直以来都渴望见到你。3:He has been teaching in this school since he graduated.4:It has been raining all night.5:Where on earth have you been? Ive been waiting for 2 hours. 十：将来进行时一：表示将来某个时刻将进行的动作，一般表示安排要做的事或预计会发生的事，常用于口语中：二：构成： will + be + 现在分词1:I will be going university in September.2:I will b