2015年12月大学英语四级选词填空练习与答案解析

-2015年12月大学英语四级选词填空练习与答案解析Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always _1_ such people, but I also explain that theresa big difference between being a writer and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of _2_ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. Youve got to want to write, I say to them, not want to be a writer.The reality is that writing is a _3_, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never _4_. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter（自由撰稿人）, I had no _5_ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was _6_and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a _7_ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to _8_ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat _9_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with _10_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.A) barelyB) genuineC) rewardedD) doubtE) lonelyF) povertyG) persuadeH) prospectsI) uncertaintyJ)impossiblyK) encourageL)awardedM) aloneN)wealthO)cold【答案】1.选K）。 此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage，但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage.2.选N）。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality ispoor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth.3.选E）。此处应填形容词，private，poor-paying一起修饰affair.选项中有lonely和alone，能修饰affair的只有lonely，alone表示“孤独的”时，通常作表语，故排除alone而选lonely.4.选C）。此处应填动词的被动形式。可选项有rewarded和awarded，前者可表示“（为所希望的举动得到的）回报”，后者作动词时表示“颁发，授予”，故只有rewarded符合题意而排除awarded.5.选H）。此处应填名词。“当我辞别了我在美国海岸警卫队20年工作成为一个自由撰稿人时，没有任何可言”，可选项有prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意义上的“金钱”，因此排除wealth而选prospects“前途”。6.选O）。it指代的是apartment building，从had no bathroom可知这个公寓条件很差，选项中只有cold能说明公寓的条件差，故选择O）cold.7.选B）。“我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己就好像是一个的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此处作者是想成为一个真正的作家，故选项中只有genuine“真正的”符合题意。8.选D）。由空格前的to可知，此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt，persuade，encourage，但由still hadnt gotten a break“在写作上还没有任何进展”，所以此处应理解为他开始怀疑自己的选择是否正确，故doubt符合文意。9.选A）。that从句结构完整，后面有made，故此处应填副词。可选项有barely和impossibly，因that引导的从句是对story的解释，再由hard一词可推知，此处应填的副词应表达肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而选barely“仅仅，刚刚”。10.选I）。由空格后的and可知，此处应填名词。由fear of failure可知，所填词应表示不好的境遇，可选项有poverty和uncertainty；又由fear可推知，此处强调的是生活的变化无常，而不是生活的贫困，故选uncertainty.Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to _6_ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.AskillBpopularCgetDchangeEsimilarlyFprofessionalGcharacterHindividualityIinspireJdifferentlyKexpectLpracticalMrecallNloseOordinaryANSWERS：1.选B）。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B）popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional“职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。2.选F）。此处应填形容词。从morethan civilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和civilian相对的，故F）正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应，故排除。3.选K）。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表示“期望（得到）”的单词，只有K）expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。4.选I）。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。5.选A）。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A）skill符合原文意思。6.选N）。此处应填动词。.step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填N）lose.7.选L）。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L）pratical符合原文意思。8.选H）。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性，故选项H）individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别，而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。9.选D）。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填change，故D）正确。10.选E）。此处应填副词，修饰动词act.前面指出.look alike, they tend to，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently，很明显，E）similarly与alike意思相近，故选E）。What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity（肥胖）. Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence（矛盾情结）lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop（经济作物）wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nations defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political.But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage（束缚）. Its what we eatand how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A. answerI. creativeB. resultJ. beliefC. shareK. suspiciousD. guiltyL. certaintyE. constantM. obsessedF. definedN. identifyG. vanishO. idealsH. adapted【答案及详解】1.D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about，可以确定选项为D项guilty，短语feel guilty about sth. “对感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。2.M be obsessed with为固定搭配，原意为“被附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。3.A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.4.I 本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。5.F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。6.B 政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。7.L 由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。8.K 系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of“对感到怀疑”。9.J 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have) belief in sth.“ 相信”。10.C 本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share, share sth. with sb.，“与某人分享某事”。As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in points, which are _5_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the value of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenceGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapacityMabilityNBasicallyOadopt【答案及详解】1.选B）。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“间接的”，successful “成功的”，其中indirect不能与for连用，排除；剩余几项中只有B）responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.选O）。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O）。3.选H）。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H）method.4.选I）。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和 successful，I）seccessful更符合原文意思。5.选D）。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值起来to give a total value “得出总分值”，选项中有added和combined，前者指“把相加”，后者意为“把结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故D）added最符合文意。6.选M）。此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”；前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M）ability.7.选F）。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与无关”。故选F）reference.8.选A）。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和these in the job market“工作市场上的（工作价值）”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A）正确。9.选K）。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N），选K）。10.选G）。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done “易于评估的工作”，通常用现金奖励办法；而.measurement is difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G）indirect符合原句的意思。Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and phisical _1_ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very _2_ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the _3_ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.Good people communication is _4_ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your _5_ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note _6_ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more _7_ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot _8_._9_, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to _10_ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.A) fortunatelyB) effectiveC) imagesD) articulateE) facialF) manageG) decisionsH) connectI) advancedJ) integrateK) progressiveL) conceptsM)picturesN) increasinglyO) important【答案】1.选C）。空格中要填的是名词，从后面的.can be captured and transmitted可以选出选项中images和pictures，pictures指“画面，图片”，一般指静态的情景；而文中的意思表达的是实时的电视会议，画面应该是动态的，images可以表示动态的形象，画面，故C）images正确。2.选I）。这里应填形容词，修饰the technology.选项中的advanced，