3物流英语名词解释

1. purchasing 采购Purchasing refers to a function in business where by the enterprise obtains the inputs for what it produces, as well as other goods and services it requires.2. efficiency 效率，功效 Efficiency refers to the state or quality of being efficient.3. bonded warehouse 保税仓库A bonded warehouse is a warehouse in which goods are stored without excise or customs duties being paid until and unless they are removed from the warehouse to enter the country.4. customer service 客户服务Customer service is the set of behaviors that a business undertakes during its interaction with its customers.5. consistency 一致性Consistency refers to a firms ability to perform at the expected delivery time over a large number of performance cycles.6. convenience products 便利型产品Convenience products are those goods and services that customers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping.7. zero inventory 零库存Zero inventories is a term used to describe a Just -In Time Inventory Control system where emphasis is placed on reducing inventory to minimal levels to reduce costs and promote organizational effectiveness. This can result in sizable profit increase.8. variable costs 可变成本They are those costs that change in a predictable, direct manner in relation to some level of activity during a time period.9. obsolescence 损耗Obsolescence means the deterioration of product in storage which is not covered by insurance.10. lot quantity formulation 批量公式Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total cost of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.11. consumer packaging 消费性包装Consumer packaging mainly aims at containing the goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it and it is of little value to logistics operation.12. franchise 专营权It is the formal permission to sell a companys goods or services in a particular area.13. supply chain management 供应链管理Supply chain management is managing the flow of materials across the supply chain, from preparing the raw materials to supplying the finished product to the customer, as well as the related counterblow of information, regarding controlling and recording of materials movement.14. First Mate 大副An officer who has the rank just below captain on a ship that is not a military ship.15. Bill of Lading 提单A receipt given by the carrier to the shipper acknowledging receipt of the goods being shipped and specifying the terms of delivery.16. supply chain management 供应链管理Supply chain management is the process that integrates coordinates and controls the movements of materials, finished inventory and related information from suppliers through companies to meet consumer requirements.17. Third-Party Logistics 第三方物流A third party logistics provider (abbreviated TPL) is a firm that provides outsourced or “third party” logistics services to companies for part or cometimes all of their supply chain management function.18. unitization 单元化to combine a number of packages into one unit by straping, banding ,shrinking, wrapping or otherwise attaching them together.19. logistics 物流Logistics is that part of supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet ustomers requirements.20. Third-Party Logistics provider 第三方物流供应商TPL provider is the company offering customs a beginning -to- end product.services include supply chaina manangement, including contracted logistics, freignt forwarding, warehousing, transportation and distribution, a wide ragne of information technology systems and other value-services and customized solutions.21. shopping products 购买型产品Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seek and compare: comparing in many locations, the price, quality, and performance, and making a purchase only after careful deliberation.22. logistics 物流Logistics is a part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers requirements.23. supply chain management 供应链管理Supply chain management means the process that integrates co-ordinates and controls the movement of materials, finished inventory and related information from suppliers through companies to meet consumer requirements.24. obsolescence 损耗Obsolescence means the deterioration of product in storage which is not covered by insurance.25. availability 可用性Availability is the capacity to have inventory when it is desired by a customer.26. convenience products 便利型产品Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping.27. consistency 一致性Consistency refers to a firms ability to perform at the expected delivery time over a large number of performance cycles.28. variable costs 可变成本Variable costs are those costs that change in a predictable, direct manner in relation to some level of activity during a time period.29. specialty products 特殊产品Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend a substantial effort and often to wait a significant amount of time in order to acquire them.30. external supply chains 外部供应链External supply chains are the processes where internal supply chains can be extended to the total network where an organization finds itself in.31. customer service 客户服务Customer service is a process of providing significant value-added benefits to the supply chain in a cost-effective way.32. operational flexibility 业务灵活性Operational flexibility refers to a firms ability to handle extraordinary customer service requests.33. demand forecasting 需求预测Demand forecasting addresses the need for accurate information on future customer needs so that the logistics system can ensure the right products and services are available to meet those requirements.34. inventory 库存Inventory is a detailed list of all the items in stock, such as a companys merchandise, raw materials, and finished and unfinished products which have not yet been sold.35. strategic planning 战略规划Strategic planning is planning which focuses on longer range objectives and goals. It is essentially direction-setting and often focuses on new products and new markets.36. supply chain 供应链Supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers, etc. that supply to each other raw material, components, products and service.37. Bill of Lading 提单Bill of lading is a receipt for goods shipped; stating the terms of the contract of carriage, which it may do in part by words incorporating clauses from a charter party.38. shipping agent 货运代理Shipping agent: a ship owners representative whose job is to find cargoes for the ships to carry.39. documentation 文件、文档资料Documentation: the documents involved in import/export, such as invoices, insurance policies or insurance certificates, bill of lading, drafts, etc.40. insurance policy 保险政策Insurance policy: a written document between an insured person and an insurance company specifying the exact losses to be covered and the costs to the insured person.41. Mates Receipt 大副收据Mates Receipt, in cases where given, is an intermediate document to be given up by the shipper in exchange for Bill of Lading.42. JIT 准时制The ideal is to have needed materials arrive just at the moment they are scheduled to be used in the production process, in other words, just in time.43. Tariff 关税Duty or tax levied on a specific commodity when it crosses national bou